CN102099439B - 煤加工方法及其用于进行该方法的设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及动力工程煤转化领域，特别地，涉及以煤为基础的热动力和高热量固体燃料(焦炭)的用于冶金、电力工业和其他工业中的生产。本发明的本质在于煤转换的方法是以以下为基础的，使用粒径为0-35mm的煤颗粒为原料，在被隔板隔开的两个流化床区段中连续进行煤转化反应，通过在第一区段中提供空气在650-800℃对煤进行热氧化处理，和通过在第二区段中提供水蒸气或预冷却的烟道气将该焦炭产品冷却。实施所述的方法的设备，该设备含有流化床并作为锅炉实现，其中该加热炉由两个流化床区段组成，在第一区段中提供空气和在第二区段中提供水蒸气或预冷却的烟道气。
Description
本发明涉及动力工程煤转化(power-engineering coal conversion)领域，特别地，涉及以煤为基础的热动力和高热量固体燃料(焦炭)的用于冶金、电力工业(power production)和其他工业中的生产。
已知很多通过拟用于高热量固体燃料(焦炭)，优选褐煤的生产的流化床技术的用于煤热处理的方法。因此，其典型的例子是煤在流化床中的热接触焦化(thermal contact coking)方法(Andryushchenko A.I.，Popov A.I.，The foundations ofDesigning Power Engineering Installations for Power Plants，Moscow：VysshayaShkola，1980.)。粉煤(fine coal)在具有流化床的设备中在550-590℃温度下进行焦化。进入到流化床中的热是通过中间载体提供的，其角色通过在反应过程中生产的焦炭执行。为此目的，焦炭的再循环部分在焦炭加热器中在煤-焦炭转化过程中形成的热解气的燃烧燃烧中被加热。这种方法的主要产品是细粒焦炭(粒径：0-3mm)。煤的热分解产生的蒸汽产品被冷凝伴随焦油和热解气的释放。
这种方法的缺点包括炼焦过程涉及多步模式(multi-stage pattern)、应用工艺流程图和应用设备的设计的固有复杂性、以及源自包含在煤的热分解的产品中的某些物质(苯酚、多环芳烃和其它物质)的毒性的和致癌活性的工艺的环境危害。
还知到一种冶金中温焦炭的生产方法(RU22857515，国际分类号C10B49/10，2005年7月29日)。该方法允许煤在800-900℃通过流化床热氧化处理生产焦炭，该床由0-15mm范围的煤颗粒组成，并且向该床提供空气。
这种方法的缺点是加入的用于处理的该煤的窄粒径分布(0-15mm)，它要求用于研磨原料煤的增加的能量消耗，以及在焦化设备出口的高焦炭温度达到了煤处理的温度(800-900℃)导致需要冷却该固体产品的复杂的多级冷却系统。
根据专利RU2209901，国际分类号C10B47/04，2005年7月27日，记载了已知用于加工固体燃料的设备，该设备包括设计(implemented)成顶部(level)、中部和底部的组合的层状的轴型结构。该顶部由加料门、气体出口管线(manifold)，一个液压锁和一个电热组件(electrical thermal assembly)组成。该中部由圆柱形壳和水套(water jacket)组成，该底部具有截锥形并由卸料组件(discharge assembly)、炉篦(grate)、用于空气或/和冷却气体供应的入口单元，以及复数个热电传感器。
其缺点是间歇操作模式和由于煤在该设备中的延长停留(几个小时)导致的低的特定(specific)生产能力，它们相组合导致每单位产品的高特别资本成本。
与本发明所要保护的设备最接近的是用于煤燃烧的带有流化床的的能量生成锅炉(power-generating boiler)(Baskakov A.P.，Matsnev V.V.and Raspopov I.V.，Boilers and Fumaces with Fluidized Bed，Moscow，Energoatomizdat，1995)。然而，该锅炉组件仅用于以以固体燃料的最小量机械欠烧来生产热能，。其另外一个缺点是灰分(ash)和矿渣废弃物的必要性导致环境污染。
本发明的目的是提高效率和简化热加工煤的方法，以及提高环境安全。
本发明的工程结果是高热量固体燃料和得自煤的热能量的生产。
上述结果通过以下步骤实现：使用粒径为0-15mm的煤作为原料，和在流化床的两个区段中连续进行煤加工，是在650-800℃下在空气流中在该第一个区段中进行热氧化处理，在第二个区段中所得焦炭通过加入的水蒸气或预冷却的烟道气被冷却。用于实施该方法的设备包括锅炉，其中该加热炉(furnace)由被隔板(barrier)分隔的两个流化床区段组成，第一区段提供以空气流，第二区段提供以水蒸气或预冷却的烟道气。
图1示意性说明了用于实施根据本发明的煤转换方法的设备。该设备包括带有被隔板2分隔成两个流化床区段3和4的加热炉的锅炉1。子区段5旨在用于向区段3提供空气，和通道6旨在用于供应冷却剂。煤通过进料器(feeder)7进料到该区段3。根据本发明的煤转换成高热量工业固体燃料的方法如下。将粒径为0-35mm的初步碾碎的煤通过进料器7连续进料到第一流化床部分3中，在该第一流化床部分中的该床的温度为650-800℃，这取决于由空气流速和煤进料速度的比率确定的预设定模式。随着它的发生，当进入高温流化床时，作为热冲击的结果该煤颗粒被粉碎。被加热至流化床的温度并沿着该第一部分3水平移动的较粗的煤颗粒，连续经过干燥、热解和部分气化的阶段。至第一部分3的空气通过独立调节的子部分5沿着该流化床供应。然后，流过隔开3区段和4区段的隔板2，该焦炭颗粒被转移到该第二部分4，在这里通过管道6供应的水蒸汽或在锅炉1的端部表面冷却的烟道气用于冷却(骤冷)该焦炭至，例如150-250℃。通常，在该转化中该煤颗粒在两个区段中的总停留时间不超过10秒钟，其保证了该设备的高特定产率。细煤颗粒，煤的热分解的蒸汽-气态产品，以及焦炭气化的产品，在第一部分3中被部分燃烧，提供其操作温度，由于第二气流的提供从该流化床转移并在该床上部的空间燃烧(burn down)。所得燃烧产品和该流化床的发射表面(emitting surface)以及来自该流化床的第二部分4的加热气体将热量传递至锅炉1的加热表面以产生以热水或水蒸汽形式的热能。
燃烧产品和该流化床的发射表面的热以预设定的参数被传递到锅炉1的加热表面以产生热能-热水或水蒸汽。
说明本发明的方法及其设备的实例是以改进式的KVTS-20锅炉的性能试验的结果为基础的，其中用由隔板隔开的两个流化床部分代替标准加热炉，该第一部分提供以空气和流化煤，该第二部分提供以在该锅炉的端部表面冷却的烟道气。
表1概括了改进KVTS-20锅炉的操作性能。表2和3分别包括了该所用煤的特性，粒径范围：0-35mm，级别2B，得自Kansk-Achinsk Coal Basin“Berezovskiy-l”Open Pit Mine，以及由此形成的最终产品-高热量固体燃料-焦炭的特性。
表1
KVTS-20改进锅炉的操作性能
| 煤消耗总量 | |
| 煤消耗 | 14t/h |
| 热氧化区段的温度 | 690-740℃ |
| 煤的热值 | 51.8Gcal/h |
| 热能的生产 | |
| 热水 | 20Gcal/h |
| 锅炉的总热效率 | 83％ |
| 热生产(teat production)的煤耗 | 6.5t/h |
| 比煤耗(specific coal consumption)，t/Gcal | 0.325 |
| 褐煤焦炭的生产： |
| 焦炭产品的热值 | 23Gcal/h |
| 焦炭产量 | 3.33t/h |
| 冷却部分出口的焦炭温度 | 190-220℃ |
| 半焦碳产品的煤耗(83％的效率) | 7.5t/h |
| 比煤耗，t/t焦炭 | 2.25 |
| 产品总值(100％) | |
| 包括 | |
| 热水(46.7％) | 20Gcal/h |
| 半焦炭产品的热值(53.3％) | 23Gcal/h |
| 全部过程的功率系数 | 83％ |
表2
原煤(initial coal)的技术和元素分析
表3
焦炭产品的技术和元素分析
因此，所提出的实施该方法的方法和设备能将粒径为0-35mm的煤转化为高热量的固体燃料同时产生热能。
Claims (2)
1.煤转换的方法，包括热氧化处理在流化床中的煤，其中，0-35mm煤颗粒用作初始原料，在被隔板隔开的流化床的两个区段中连续进行煤转化反应，通过在第一区段中提供空气在650-800℃对煤进行热氧化处理，和通过在第二区段提供水蒸气或预冷却的烟道气将焦炭产品冷却，生产固体燃料和热能。
2.实施权利要求1所述的方法的设备，其中该设备含有流化床并作为锅炉实现，其中该加热炉由两个流化床区段组成，在第一区段中提供空气和在第二区段中提供水蒸气或预冷却的烟道气。
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| RU2008117266/15A RU2359006C1 (ru) | 2008-05-05 | 2008-05-05 | Способ переработки угля |
| RU2008117266 | 2008-05-05 | ||
| PCT/RU2008/000340 WO2009136809A1 (ru) | 2008-05-05 | 2008-06-02 | Способ переработки угля и устройство для осуществления способа |
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| RU2687411C1 (ru) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-05-13 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Сибнииуглеобогащение" | Способ получения среднетемпературного кокса |
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| US5510085A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1996-04-23 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Fluidized bed reactor including a stripper-cooler and method of operating same |
| CN1729273A (zh) * | 2002-12-23 | 2006-02-01 | 奥托昆普技术公司 | 生产低温焦炭的方法和设备 |
| RU2288937C1 (ru) * | 2005-10-24 | 2006-12-10 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Сибтермо" | Способ получения металлургического среднетемпературного кокса |
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| IT1026405B (it) * | 1975-01-21 | 1978-09-20 | Centro Speriment Metallurg | Materiale carbonioso con elevate caratteristiche di sviluppo e di attivita superficiale e processo per ottenerlo |
| JPS58219291A (ja) * | 1982-06-15 | 1983-12-20 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | コ−クス乾式消火設備 |
| RU2073061C1 (ru) * | 1992-06-05 | 1997-02-10 | Рейнгольд Христианович Мерц | Способ получения полукокса из бурых и каменных углей |
| BR9815349B1 (pt) * | 1997-12-18 | 2010-02-09 | sistema de gaseificaÇço de combustÍvel. | |
| US20070000177A1 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-01-04 | Hippo Edwin J | Mild catalytic steam gasification process |
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- 2008-06-02 CN CN200880129059.3A patent/CN102099439B/zh active Active
- 2008-06-02 UA UAA201013329A patent/UA96880C2/ru unknown
- 2008-06-02 KR KR1020107027348A patent/KR20110006709A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-02 US US12/990,548 patent/US20110056127A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-06-02 TR TR2010/09065T patent/TR201009065T1/xx unknown
- 2008-06-02 WO PCT/RU2008/000340 patent/WO2009136809A1/ru active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5510085A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1996-04-23 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Fluidized bed reactor including a stripper-cooler and method of operating same |
| CN1729273A (zh) * | 2002-12-23 | 2006-02-01 | 奥托昆普技术公司 | 生产低温焦炭的方法和设备 |
| RU2288937C1 (ru) * | 2005-10-24 | 2006-12-10 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Сибтермо" | Способ получения металлургического среднетемпературного кокса |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009136809A1 (ru) | 2009-11-12 |
| US20110056127A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
| KR20110006709A (ko) | 2011-01-20 |
| TR201009065T1 (tr) | 2011-05-23 |
| CN102099439A (zh) | 2011-06-15 |
| UA96880C2 (ru) | 2011-12-12 |
| RU2359006C1 (ru) | 2009-06-20 |
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Effective date of registration: 20200623 Address after: Room 401, unit 1, building 2, Jindi community, Daobei TV Road, Manzhouli City, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Patentee after: Xu Yetang Address before: Krasnoyarsk, Russia Patentee before: Islamov Sergey Romanovich |