CN102099211A - 带电池空调的机动车辆及相关操作方法 - Google Patents

带电池空调的机动车辆及相关操作方法 Download PDF

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CN102099211A
CN102099211A CN2009801282252A CN200980128225A CN102099211A CN 102099211 A CN102099211 A CN 102099211A CN 2009801282252 A CN2009801282252 A CN 2009801282252A CN 200980128225 A CN200980128225 A CN 200980128225A CN 102099211 A CN102099211 A CN 102099211A
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battery
vehicle
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inner room
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M·乌尔勒
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车辆(1)的方法，所述机动车辆——特别是乘用车辆——包括发动机(2)，其中，利用启停功能来运行所述发动机(2)，在所述启停功能中，在所述车辆(1)行驶期间根据参数——例如当前驱动力需求——自动地使所述发动机(2)启动和关闭；其中，仅当车用电池(3)的电池温度高于一最低电池温度时，所述启停功能才被激活，其中，使所述电池(3)经受内室空气的作用，所述内室空气用于加热所述车辆(1)的乘员室(8)。

Description

带电池空调的机动车辆及相关操作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车辆，特别是乘用车辆，所述机动车辆具有用于产生驱动力的发动机。本发明还涉及一种相关的运行方法。
背景技术
为了减少燃料消耗，原则上可以对具有发动机来产生驱动力的机动车辆进行设计，使得发动机可以在机动车辆运行过程中根据负荷需求被启动和关闭。借助这种启停功能，可以在例如车辆减速滑行时，如在车辆下坡行驶或滑行时，使发动机关闭，而车辆的所有其他功能基本保留。仅在重新需要牵引动力时才重启发动机。为避免过多地消耗启动发动机所需的车用电池，仅在电池温度高于一最低电池温度时才激活启停功能是合理的。如果电池温度降到最低电池温度以下，例如在相应的低环境温度下，则启停功能被去激活以保护电池。
然而一般希望即便在低环境温度下也利用启停功能来减少燃料消耗。
DE 195 34 427 B4公开了一种电动车辆，即不带发动机的车辆，其中在箱体系统内装有电池。可利用鼓风机对所述箱体系统施加空气流，所述空气流通常用于冷却电池。然而在低环境温度下，也可以将至少一部分由鼓风机输送的空气从箱体系统抽出，即从温度较高的第一区域抽出，而同时在箱体系统内将由鼓风机输送的空气供给到温度较低的第二区域。由此可将第一区域的余热用于加热第二区域。
DE 103 48 385 A1公开了一种带有空冷电池的燃料电池车，其中从车辆的乘员室取出经冷却的空气并将其用于冷却电池。一般地，燃料电池车不具有发动机，但具有至少一台电动马达。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决以下技术问题：为上述类型的机动车辆和/或为相关的运行方法提供改善的实施方式，本发明的突出之处尤其在于：即使在相对较低的环境温度下也能较容易地实现启停功能。
根据本发明，该技术问题通过独立权利要求的主题解决。有利的实施方案构成了从属权利要求的主题。
本发明基于以下的总体构思，在空气调节方面使电池与车辆的乘员室相联接。为此，使电池经受内室空气的作用，所述内室空气用于对乘员室进行空气调节。在这种情况下，本发明利用了以下知识：在低环境温度下通常对乘员室进行加热，因此，通过乘员室与电池间在空气调节方面的联接可实现对电池的自动加热。此外，在高温下通常对乘员室进行冷却，因此也能实现对电池的自动冷却。本发明的解决方案特别是无需为电池设置任何附加的加热器或冷却器或一般的空调装置。这样便可以相对经济地实现对电池的空气调节。
在一种有利的实施方式中，可对电池施加电池空气流，所述电池空气流是从用于对乘员室进行空气调节的内室空气流中分流出的。通过产生主动的气流来对电池进行作用，电池的空气调节可以得到加强，从而改进了对电池的加热和必要情况下的冷却。
在一种扩展方案中，电池空气流可以在乘员室的上游从室内气流中分流出。由此能够有针对性地计量为电池空气调节提供的电池空气流。
在另一种实施方案中，可使来自乘员室的内室空气到达电池。在这种情况下，电池设置于乘员室的下游。这种构型能特别经济地实现。例如，电池可以布置在一电池室中，该电池室通过至少一个开口与乘员室连接。由此，内室空气能被动地从乘员室进入电池室，从而到达电池。无需额外措施，例如独立的空气流动通道，从而使本设计的实施成本低。
在另一种有利的实施方案中，车辆的空调装置可以从电池室至少部分地抽出一再循环空气份额，空调装置利用该再循环空气份额来产生内室空气流，电池布置在所述电池室内，该电池室与乘员室连通。即使在新鲜空气模式下通常，经调节的、被输送到乘员室的内室空气也至少部分地包含有从乘员室抽出的再循环空气，一般甚至主要包含所述再循环空气。在这种实施方案中，用于对电池进行空气调节的空气流处于乘员室的下游，其中主动地对电池施加内室空气。
本发明的其它重要特征和优点见从属权利要求、附图和基于附图的相关说明。
应当理解，上文和下文所述的特征并非仅能以相应给出的组合方式应用，而是也能以其他组合方式或单独地应用，而仍在本发明的范围内。
附图说明
本发明的优选实施例在附图中示出，并在下面的描述中更详细地阐明，其中相同的附图标记表示相同、或类似、或功能相同的部件。
图中示意性示出，
图1至图3以不同的实施形式示出机动车辆在电池区域中的极为简化的线路原理图。
具体实施方式
如图1至图3所示，机动车辆1包括发动机2，例如压燃式发动机或火花点火式发动机，该机动车辆优选是乘用车。发动机2用于为车辆1提供驱动力。车辆1还包括电池3，该电池3用于为车辆1提供电能。电池3可由单个电池元件组成，或者由多个电池元件组成，或者由一组独立的电池组成。电池3也用于运行启动发电机4。在启动机模式下，该启动发电机4可用于启动发动机2。在发电机模式下，启动发电机4可用于给电池3充电。车辆1也可搭载常规的启动机和常规的发电机，以代替这种启动发电机4。电池3具有一温度传感器5，利用该传感器5可以确定电池3的温度，即当前电池温度。温度传感器5与一控制单元6连接，利用该控制单元特别是操作启动发电机4。特别地，控制单元6用于实现发动机2的启停功能。为此，控制单元6也可与发动机2相联接。特别是根据电池温度来激活和去激活启停功能，这一点将在下文中更详细地说明。
车辆1还包括一空调装置7，利用该空调装置能加热车辆1的乘员室8。合理地将空调装置7设计成还能对乘员室8进行冷却和/或干燥。空调装置7包括至少一个新鲜空气进口9、至少一个再循环空气进口10和至少一个经调节的空气的出口11。通过新鲜空气进口9，空调装置7可以从车辆的外界环境中吸入新鲜空气。通过再循环空气进口10，空调装置7可以从乘员室8吸入空气。通过出口11，空调装置7可将经调节的空气输入乘员室8。
在所示的实施例中，电池3布置于电池室12中，该电池室12与内部空间8相分离，例如通过分隔装置13和/或地毯13来分离。特别地，电池室12被设置在乘员室8的驾驶者搁脚区(在此未详细示出)的下方。
在机动车辆行驶时，控制单元6可以使发动机2以上述的启停功能运行。当启停功能处于激活时，发动机2根据各参数自动启动和停止。致使发动机2启动和/或停止的参数例如包括车辆1的当前驱动力需求。在车辆制动、下坡行驶或滑行时，可使发动机2关闭。当开始行驶、加速以及上坡行驶时，发动机2自然启动。通过与有效的、本身需要很少燃料的快速启动方法相结合，启停功能能够显著地促进燃料消耗的降低。
为保护电池3，可将控制单元6设计为仅能在电池温度高于一最低电池温度时激活启停功能。所述最低电池温度可例如处于0℃到-3℃的闭区间内。尽管电池3在这种低温下一般能够为起动车辆1而启动发动机2，但在启停功能中出现的多次启动中，电池3的功率储备会迅速地降低到一不允许的值。因此，控制单元6仅在(电池温度)高于最低电池温度时才激活启停功能。
为了即使在低环境温度下也尽可能快速地达到最低电池温度，使电池3经受内室空气的作用，该内室空气用于对乘员室8进行空气调节。这一点(所述空气调节)可以根据图1和图3通过对电池3施加内室空气流主动地实现，也可以根据图2主要通过对流换气被动地实现。
例如根据图1和图3，可对电池3施加一电池空气流14，该电池空气流14用箭头表示。所述电池空气流14是从用于对乘员室8进行空气调节的内室空气流15中分流出的，该内室空气流15同样用箭头表示。在图1所示的实施例中，在乘员室8的上游处从内室空气流15中分流出电池空气流14。为此，空调装置7具有一输出通道16，所述输出通道将经调节的空气，即电池空气流14送至电池室12。可例如通过一开口17将电池空气流14从电池室12排放到车辆的外界环境中或排放到车辆的发动机舱18中。替代地，也可以将电池空气流14从电池室12导入乘员室8。
在图2所示的实施例中，电池室12通过至少一个开口18、19与乘员室8连通。在此实施例中示出两个开口，即特别是进入开口18和排出开口19。在电池室12与乘员室8之间的导通连接合理地设计成，使内室空气被动地从乘员室8例如经由进入开口18进入电池室12。为了实现对流流动，可以在所述至少一个进入开口18下方设置所述至少一个排出开口19，并使空气能够从电池室12排入乘员室8。如果温度条件反转，即如果通过空调装置来冷却乘员室8，则冷空气通过下方的开口19进入电池室12，这时该开口19用作进入开口，并能经对流通过上方的开口18再离开电池室12，这时开口18用作排出开口。
图3所示的实施例中设有一进入通道20，所述进入通道将空调装置的再循环空气进口10连接到电池室12。此处可以涉及空调装置7唯一的再循环空气进口10。同样也可以涉及空调装置7的附加的再循环空气进口10，所述附加的再循环空气进口10附加于图1和图2所示的直接通入乘员室8的再循环空气进口10而存在。通过所述进入通道20，新鲜空气装置7可以根据需要直接从电池室12抽出再循环空气并通过电池室12间接地从乘员室8抽出再循环空气。
为此，电池室12通过至少一个开口21与乘员室8连通。从电池室12吸出的空气可从乘员室8再流到电池室12。这种设计基于以下考虑：空调装置7即使在新鲜空气模式下也会从乘员室8抽出至少一部分空气。通过利用空调装置7加热乘员室8，在一定的时间延迟后还使电池3被加热。
在高温下，通常利用空调装置7冷却乘员室8，所述冷却的方式或者是被动地以环境温度引入新鲜空气，或者是主动地冷却内室空气流15。结果，使电池3经受被强制冷却的内室空气的作用，其方式或者是根据图1主动地加载被冷却的电池空气流14，或者是根据图3吸入被冷却的再循环空气14，或者是根据图2被动地在乘员室8和电池室12之间交换被冷却的内室空气。在较高温度下必然希望对电池3进行冷却为避免电池3过热。
另外，控制单元6也可以设计成实现再生功能(回收功能)。这种再生功能将车辆的机械能转化为电能，所述电能能用于为电池3充电。为此，起动发电机4作为发电机运行。再生功能在发动机2关闭时非常有意义。例如可以在车辆1制动和/或车辆1下坡行驶时激活所述再生功能。优选地，控制单元6仅在电池温度高于一最低再生温度时激活再生功能。该最低再生温度合理地高于所述最低电池温度，例如可以是8℃左右。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于运行机动车辆(1)的方法，所述机动车辆(1)——特别是乘用车辆——包括发动机(2)，
-其中，利用启停功能来运行所述发动机(2)，在所述启停功能中，在所述车辆(1)行驶期间根据参数——例如当前驱动力需求——自动地使所述发动机(2)启动和关闭，
-其中，仅当车用电池(3)的电池温度高于一最低电池温度时，所述启停功能才被激活，
-其中，使所述电池(3)经受内室空气的作用，所述内室空气用于加热所述车辆(1)的乘员室(8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，对所述电池(3)施加电池空气流(14)，所述电池空气流是从用于加热所述乘员室(8)的内室空气流(15)中分流出的。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，
其特征在于，所述电池空气流(14)是在所述乘员室(8)的上游从所述内室空气流(15)中分流出的。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，
其特征在于，使内室空气从所述乘员室(8)到达所述电池(3)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，
其特征在于，所述电池(3)布置在一电池室(12)中，所述电池室(12)通过至少一个开口(18，19)与所述乘员室(8)连接成，使得所述内室空气被动地从所述乘员室(8)进入所述电池室(12)到达所述电池(3)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法，
其特征在于，为产生所述内室空气(15)，至少部分地从一电池室(12)抽出所述车辆(1)的空调装置(7)的再循环空气份额，所述电池(3)布置在所述电池室(12)中，所述电池室通过至少一个开口(21)与所述乘员室(8)连接。
7.根据权利要求1至6所述的方法，
其特征在于，仅当所述车用电池(3)的电池温度高于一最低再生温度时，才激活再生功能以为所述电池(3)充电。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，
其特征在于，所述最低再生温度高于所述最低电池温度。
9.一种机动车辆，特别是乘用车辆，所述机动车辆包括：
-发动机(2)，
-电池(3)，所述电池设置在一电池室(12)内，
-空调装置(7)，
其特征在于，用于加热所述车辆(1)的乘员室(8)的所述空调装置(7)在出口侧或进口侧与所述电池室(12)流体连接。
10.根据权利要求9所述的机动车辆，
其特征在于，所述空调装置(7)具有输出通道(16)，所述输出通道将被加热的空气引导至所述电池室(12)。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的机动车辆，
其特征在于，所述空调装置(7)具有一进入通道(20)，所述空调装置(7)通过所述进入通道从所述电池室(12)吸入空气，所述空气经由至少一个开口(21)从所述乘员室(8)再流入所述电池室(12)。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的机动车辆，
其特征在于，设有控制单元(6)，所述控制单元用于执行根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法。
CN2009801282252A 2008-08-09 2009-07-31 带电池空调的机动车辆及相关操作方法 Pending CN102099211A (zh)

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