CN102098801B - Method for acquiring wireless sensor network data of farmland ecological environment information - Google Patents
Method for acquiring wireless sensor network data of farmland ecological environment information Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for acquiring wireless sensor network data of farmland ecological environment information, and relates to the technical field of a method for acquiring wireless sensor network data. The method comprises a plurality of monitoring regions, and each monitoring region comprises an independent short-distance wireless communication network based on IEEE802.15.4; the short-distance wireless communication network is composed of a long-distance node and a plurality of short-distance nodes; each short-distance node mainly acquires the sensor data, and self-organizes a 802.15.4 network, and transmits the acquired data to the long-distance node; and the long-distance node has two wireless communication protocols, namely IEEE 802.15.4 and a general packet radio service (GPRS)/global system for mobile communications (GSM). By the method provided by the invention, large-scale large-area farmland ecological environment information data acquisition is realized, the data can be inquired in real time, the nodes can be controlled, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless sensor network data acquisition methods technical field, a kind of wireless sensor network data acquisition methods towards a wide range of farmland ecological environment information are specifically related to.
Background technology
1st, the traditional measurement method of farmland ecological environment parameter
The measurement means of traditional farmland ecological environment parameter information are mainly based on the actual measurement of ground.Ground survey experiment is the important component for studying these parameters, and sampling number deficiency can cause sampling point number very few and under-represented, and sampling number is excessive to cause manpower and materials to waste again.The main method of current ground actual measurement has：The direct method of measurement and the class of the indirect method of measurement two.
（1）Direct measurement
Including computation paper method, paper weight method, dry weight method, planimeter method, length and width Y-factor method Y, leaf area instrument method.By the way that by the leaf amount in different floristics " harvesting " vegetation sample area, the leaf area index in sample area is calculated further according to specific leaf area (SLA) and Leaf biomass.Though the direct method of measurement is accurate, time and effort consuming complex operation is only applicable to small-sized or a small amount of sample area and short and small vegetation.
（2）Measurement indirectly
Plant canopy clearence degree is measured by various optical detecting instrument (such as LAI-2000, DEMON, TRAC, MVI etc.) and final plant canopy leaf area index is obtained by respective formula.Compared with the direct method of measurement, indirect method is more easy and available for the measurement of a wide range of and a variety of vegetation ecosystems, but because it is restricted by solar irradiation and angle, thus it is unable to reach precision measured directly.
2nd, the ground survey technique study based on wireless sensor network
Current wireless sensor network technology initially enters agroecological environment data acquisition arts.Agricultural application is usually that sensor node is constituted into monitoring network, gathers information by various sensors, to help peasant to pinpoint the problems in time, and accurately determines the position of generation problem.Such as：
Intel company in 2002 takes the lead in establishing first wireless vineyard in Oregon.Sensor node is distributed on the every nook and cranny in vineyard, every the quantity of the soil moisture of detection in one minute, humidity or the nuisance in the region to ensure that grape can be with healthy growth, and then obtains good harvest.
Japanese national agricultural summation research institute（NARO）The monitor on field server of research（Field Server）Automation agricultural products production detection and field information means are provided using PICNIC.
China Agricultural University's precision agriculture research center is devised by soil temperature and humidity monitoring network and remote data center farmland monitoring system dimerous using wireless sensor network technology.Propose the integrated solution of novel farmland information system management of wide area collection, real-time Transmission, on-line analysis.The storage to soil temperature and humidity monitoring variable, time change and Spatial variability are realized, is irrigated for research farmland Spatial-Temporal Variability with decision-making and effective tool is provided.
But there are the following problems for current technology：Cost is higher；Some technologies are not wireless sensor network truly；Because the communication distance of wireless sensor network is limited, self-organizing route the reason such as more complicated, majority fails large scale deployment in experiment property.
The content of the invention
To solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention proposes a kind of wireless sensor network data acquisition methods towards a wide range of farmland ecological environment information, the present invention realizes the acquisition of extensive large area farmland ecological environment information data, data can be inquired about in real time, node is controlled, and low cost.
The present invention is realized by using following technical proposals：
A kind of wireless sensor network data acquisition methods of farmland ecological environment information, it is characterised in that：Including several monitored areas, each monitored area includes the independent Small Area Wireless Communication Networks based on IEEE802.15.4, and the Small Area Wireless Communication Networks are by a long range node（Long-distance Node）With several short distance nodes（Short-distance Node）Composition, short distance node is substantially carried out the collection of sensing data, and organizes themselves into a 802.15.4 network, and the data collected are sent into long range node；Long range node has two kinds of wireless communication protocols：IEEE802.15.4 and GPRS/GSM, the MCU of long range node is connected to be responsible for setting up GPRS/GSM with Surveillance center by serial ports and GPRS module to communicate, and carry out IEEE802.15.4 communications with short distance node, simultaneously, long range node gathers sensing data, the sensing data of all collections is converged to after long range node, the server of Surveillance center is dealt into by GPRS/GSM networks, Surveillance center end has a server with public network IP to realize the transmission of short message order and the reception of note data to receive GPRS data, and a GPRS/GSM modem.
The group-net communication mode of the Small Area Wireless Communication Networks is specially：Short haul connection state is mainly controlled by ZDO state machines, different operations are performed according to different node types, after node carries out Network finding, long range node can only set up a network, and short distance node can only add network, if building network failure either adds network failure, it then can all come back to the state of Network finding, otherwise, normal operating condition can then be entered, it can be received under this state from long-range order, packet can be sent and received, if node leaves, it then will turn into halted state, if receiving order short message in running status, then start long haul communication, contain GPRS initialization, define PDP Context and be attached to GPRS network, activate defined PDP Context, set up GPRS connections, send GPRS data, close GPRS connections, close mobile context.
Described Small Area Wireless Communication Networks are started and set up as cluster head by long range node, and long range node carries out scan channel first, using an idle channel, while Cluste-Tree topological parameter is provided, such as maximum son tree（Cm）, the maximum number of plies（Lm）, routing algorithm, routing table life cycle etc., then broadcast beacon frame, nearby device to be received just apply after beacon frame and added, long range node determines whether that equipment is added according to the child node information of submission, one node is added after network, can be obtained from its father node oneself the network address and long range node as defined in topological parameter；
Node is received after data frame, if destination address is broadcast address, will re-broadcast the frame.If not broadcast frame, then judge whether the destination address of the frame is equal to the address of current receiving device, if the destination address of frame is equal to the address of current device, frame is just passed to upper strata processing by Internet；Otherwise, current receiving device is just an intermediate forwarding devices of the frame, then according to circumstances carries out the forwarding to frame, if sub- equipment, then directly forwards；If not then being forwarded according to route table items, if showed currently without the route for arriving at location, judge it is to carry out route transmission using tree algorithm according to algorithm, or route discovery is carried out according to AODVjr algorithms, then forward the frame.
The group-net communication mode of long-distance radio communication network selects any one mode in GPRS and short message.
The GPRS modes are specially：MODEM in Sink node sends the SMS to long range node after parameter configuration is carried out by MODEM, and short message content includes the own IP address and command header and other necessary informations of sink nodes；
Long range node is parsed after receiving the short message of sink nodes, log in GPRS network, requirement according to order enters gatherer process or is forwarded to short distance node, recycle IP address and appoint port numbers that sink nodes are transmitted, the data for converging in long range node are sent to sink nodes using GPRS UDP communication mode, i.e. long range node changes the TCP/IP bags that generation includes data message by ICP/IP protocol, and the TCP/IP bags are transmitted into mobile GPRS network by long range node by GPRS modules；Sink node receives the data that long range node is uploaded by GPRS MODEM.
Described short message communication mode is specially：MODEM in Sink node sends the SMS to long range node after parameter configuration is carried out by MODEM, and initiation command short message content includes initiation command head, the number of times of sparse collection, the number of times of intensive collection；
Long range node is parsed after receiving the short message of sink nodes, enters gatherer process according to the requirement of order or order is transmitted into purpose child node, the data collected are passed through into short message sending to MODEM.
According to data acquisition demand, using 1 day as a cycle, the data of certain a period of time collection per minute in whole day 24 hours, referred to as intensive collection；Other when gather a data per hour, referred to as sparse collection.
Node need to store the data volume of a cycle after the data of collection sensor, so as to Surveillance center and client's extraction historical data.
Data, which are uploaded, uses GPRS modes, is engraved in each collection after realizing the convergence that short-range sensors node is gathered on long range node, then be sent to sink nodes by GPRS communication modes.
Data are uploaded and used under short message mode, intensive drainage pattern, when long range node has converged the data of five collection moment points, after all data of namely intensive collection five minutes, uploaded to short message under MODEM, sparse drainage pattern, upload a data within one hour.
Compared with prior art, what the present invention was reached has the beneficial effect that：
The present invention combines wireless sensor network and wide area wireless communication technology based on 802.15.4, and large area farmland monitoring range is divided into several relatively independent monitored areas；The node in wireless sensor network is divided into short haul connection node and long haul communication node simultaneously, by the collaborative work of monitored area and two class nodes, a transmission range more wide hybrid wireless network is formed.Simultaneously according to the general inapparent feature of agroecological environment information change, for the purpose such as energy-conservation and cooperation satellite remote sensing date, sparse/intensive drainage pattern is designed and Implemented, realize the acquisition of large area farmland ecological environment information data, and data can be inquired about in real time, node is controlled, and are switched between two kinds of drainage patterns, low cost, is easy to popularity.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with specification drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail, wherein：
Fig. 1 is this method schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is long range node and short distance node hardware functional block diagram
Fig. 3 is node communications status transition diagram
Fig. 4 is basic routing algorithm flow chart in short range network group-net communication
Fig. 5 be short range network group-net communication in receive the handling process after route requests command message
Fig. 6 be short range network group-net communication in receive the detailed process after routing reply message
Fig. 7 is long-range network group-net communication GPRS mode overview flow charts
Fig. 8 is the instant command process figure of long-range network group-net communication GPRS modes
Fig. 9 is long-range network group-net communication short message mode overview flow chart
Figure 10 is the instant command process figure of long-range network group-net communication short message mode
Figure 11 is collection moment schematic diagram in sparse/intensive acquisition mode
Figure 12 is sparse/intensive acquisition mode interior joint numbering schematic diagram
Figure 13 is the short message command format figure of sink nodes in sparse/intensive drainage pattern
Figure 14 is initiation command format chart in sparse/intensive drainage pattern
Figure 15 is sparse/intensive drainage pattern middle and long distance querying node historical record command format figure
Figure 16 is sparse/intensive drainage pattern short-distance and medium-distance querying node historical record command format figure
Figure 17 be sparse/intensive drainage pattern in read one group of sensor values command format figure
Figure 18 be sparse/intensive drainage pattern in read single sensor values command format figure
Figure 19 is to read the magnitude of voltage command format figure of a group node in sparse/intensive drainage pattern
Figure 20 is the magnitude of voltage command format figure of reading individual node in sparse/intensive drainage pattern
Figure 21 is to read the signal intensity command format figure of one group of short distance node in sparse/intensive drainage pattern
Figure 22 is to read the signal intensity command format figure of single short distance node in sparse/intensive drainage pattern
Figure 23 is the 802.15.4 network structure command format figures of reading long range node in sparse/intensive drainage pattern
Figure 24 be sparse/intensive drainage pattern in restart long range node/short distance node orders format chart
Figure 25 is data uploaded format figure under GPRS modes
Figure 26 is long range node data uploaded format figure under dense mode
Figure 27 is long range node data uploaded format figure under sparse mode.
Embodiment
This method can include several monitored areas.Each monitored area includes the independent Small Area Wireless Communication Networks based on IEEE802.15.4, by a long range node（Long-distance Node）With several short distance nodes（Short-distance Node）Composition.Short distance node is substantially carried out the collection of sensing data, and organizes themselves into a 802.15.4 network, and the data collected are sent into long range node.Long range node has two kinds of wireless communication protocols：IEEE802.15.4 and GPRS/GSM.Its MCU is connected to be responsible for setting up GPRS/GSM with Surveillance center by serial ports and GPRS module to communicate, and with the progress IEEE802.15.4 communications of short distance node.Meanwhile, long range node can also gather sensing data.The convergence of all junction sensors is dealt into the server of Surveillance center by GPRS/GSM networks to after long range node.Surveillance center end has a server with public network IP to realize the transmission of short message order and the reception of note data to receive GPRS data, and a GPRS/GSM modem.This method overall design drawing is as shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 2 is long range node and short distance node hardware functional block diagram, and short distance node contains only the part for removing dotted line, and long range node then contains modules all in figure.In terms of Power Management Design, the power supply lasting in order to ensure node, we employ the mode that lithium battery and solar panel are powered jointly.
Long haul communication and short haul connection two parts are contained in this method altogether.Long range node contains two kinds of communications, and short distance node then contains only short haul connection part.System communication status transition diagram is as shown in Figure 3.
Short range network group-net communication mode and realization
Short haul connection state is mainly controlled by ZDO state machines, and different operations are performed according to different node types.After node carries out Network finding, long range node can only set up a network, and short distance node can only add network, if building network failure either adds network failure, the state of Network finding then can be all come back to, conversely, can then enter normal operating condition, it can be received under this state from long-range order, packet can be sent and received.If node leaves, halted state will turn into.If receiving order short message in running status, start long haul communication, contain GPRS initialization, define PDP Context and be attached to GPRS network, activate defined PDP Context, set up GPRS connections, GPRS data is sent, GPRS connections are closed, the states such as mobile context are closed.
Short distance communication network is started and set up as cluster head by long range node.Long range node carries out scan channel first, using an idle channel, while Cluste-Tree topological parameter is provided, such as maximum son tree（Cm）, the maximum number of plies（Lm）, routing algorithm, routing table life cycle etc..Then broadcast beacon frame, nearby device to be received just apply after beacon frame and added.Long range node determines whether that equipment is added according to the child node information of submission.One node is added after network, can be obtained from its father node oneself the network address and long range node as defined in topological parameter.
Node is received after data frame, if destination address is broadcast address, will re-broadcast the frame.If not broadcast frame, then judge whether the destination address of the frame is equal to the address of current receiving device.If the destination address of frame is equal to the address of current device, frame is just passed to upper strata processing by Internet；Otherwise, current receiving device is just an intermediate forwarding devices of the frame.The forwarding to frame is then according to circumstances carried out, if sub- equipment, is then directly forwarded；If not then being forwarded according to route table items, if showed currently without the route for arriving at location, judge it is to carry out route transmission using tree algorithm according to algorithm, or route discovery is carried out according to AODVjr algorithms, then forward the frame.Idiographic flow is as shown in Figure 4.
Routing table, route discovery table and neighbor table are devised in the routing algorithm.The structure of these three tables is referring to table 1,2,3.Long range node and routing node in network realize the maintenance to routing table and route discovery table, and all nodes have a neighbor table, and each node is according to the neighbor table of the state-maintenance oneself of current network.
And if only if a node wants unicast sends datagram but in current routing table not to the effective routing of destination node when, the outside broadcast transmission route requests message RREQ of node (Route Request) carries out route discovery.The detailed process that node is received after route requests message is as shown in Figure 5.
When node receives routing reply message, first look for routing table and route discovery table sees if there is corresponding item, if then updating routing table and route discovery table.If the node address is not equal to the initiation node address in the load of routing reply message commands, need to continue to forward the routing reply.The detailed process that node is received after routing reply message is as shown in Figure 6.
Long-range network group-net communication mode and realization
Long-range network group-net communication mode can select any one mode in GPRS and short message.It is described as follows respectively：
GPRS modes
MODEM in Sink node sends the SMS to long range node after parameter configuration is carried out by MODEM, and short message content includes the own IP address and command header and other necessary informations of sink nodes.
Long range node is parsed after receiving the short message of sink nodes, log in GPRS network, requirement according to order enters gatherer process or is forwarded to short distance node, recycle IP address and appoint port numbers that sink nodes are transmitted, the data for converging in long range node are sent to sink nodes using GPRS UDP communication mode, i.e. long range node changes the TCP/IP bags that generation includes data message by ICP/IP protocol, and the TCP/IP bags are transmitted into mobile GPRS network by long range node by GPRS modules.Sink node receives the data that long range node is uploaded by GPRS MODEM.
When monitoring group is under intensive drainage pattern, GPRS module in the middle of the moment is gathered at two and is constantly in opening, therefore after the collection moment is directly acquired data, you can send GPRS data to sink nodes using UDP communication modes.
When monitoring group is under sparse drainage pattern, GPRS module in the middle of the moment is gathered at two and is in sleep state, therefore GPRS module need to be waken up at the collection moment, just UDP communication modes can be used to send GPRS data to sink nodes.
At any time, sink nodes will obtain certain aspect data of a certain node in monitoring group, you can send and include the corresponding command head, and carry long range node of the short message of itself current IP address to monitoring group where destination node.Long range node is received after this order short message, short message is parsed, corresponding operating is performed as requested or purpose child node is forwarded to, then long range node logs in GPRS network, and the IP address transmitted using sink nodes, the data gathered on request to sink node feeding backs using UDP communication modes.Overall execution flow is as shown in Figure 7.Instant command process is as shown in Figure 8.
Short message mode
MODEM in Sink node sends the SMS to long range node after parameter configuration is carried out by MODEM, and initiation command short message content includes initiation command head, the number of times of sparse collection, number of times of intensive collection etc..
Long range node is parsed after receiving the short message of sink nodes, enters gatherer process according to the requirement of order or order is transmitted into purpose child node, the data collected are passed through into short message sending to MODEM.
At any time, sink nodes will obtain one group of data in monitoring group, you can send the short message comprising the corresponding command head to the long range node of monitoring group where destination node.Receive over long distances after this order short message, parse short message, operation is performed as requested or destination node is forwarded to, this group of data collected are finally uploaded with short message.Overall execution flow is as shown in Figure 9.Instant command process is as shown in Figure 10.
Sparse/intensive acquisition mode design is with realizing
According to the general inapparent feature of agroecological environment information change, for the purpose such as energy-conservation and cooperation satellite remote sensing date, sparse/intensive drainage pattern has been designed and Implemented.It is described as follows.
The data acquisition moment of sparse/intensive drainage pattern and node serial number scheme
According to data acquisition demand, 1 day is assign as a cycle.Data of certain a period of time collection per minute in whole day 24 hours, referred to as intensive collection；Other when gather a data per hour, referred to as sparse collection.This pattern can take into account performance of both real time data demand and energy-conservation.The collection moment example of determination is as shown in figure 11.
According to the sensor distributing of system, need to arrange in system in n monitoring group, each monitoring group comprising m sensor node：One of them is long range node, and remaining is short distance node.Long range node is responsible for the communication with sink nodes as the host node of each monitoring group, while being responsible for the IEEE802..15.4 protocol communications with other short distance nodes.Therefore long range node plays the function served as bridge of sink nodes and the communication of short distance node.
Sink node serial numbers are defaulted as 0 in system.Other node serial numbers are as shown in figure 12.In fig. 12, n=40, m=4.
The command scheme of sparse/intensive drainage pattern
The generation and conversion of sparse/intensive drainage pattern are all realized by short message receiving-transmitting order.
The overall form of the short message order of sink nodes is as shown in figure 13.
According to the difference of command header, the middle elongated form of N number of byte is described below：
L initiation commands
Contain two kinds of orders：
（1）Start sparse collection STS
（2）Start intensive collection STD
The lattice for N number of elongated byte that both orders are used are as shown in figure 14.
The record order of l query histories
Contain four kinds of orders：
（1）Inquire about the sparse acquisition and recording TLS of long range node
（2）Inquire about the intensive acquisition and recording TLD of long range node
N number of elongated byte that both orders are used.Form is as shown in figure 15.
（3）Inquire about the sparse acquisition and recording TSS of short distance node
（4）Inquire about the intensive acquisition and recording TSD of short distance node
N number of elongated byte that both orders are used.Form is as shown in figure 16.
L is ordered immediately
（1）Read one group of sensor values or single sensor values RSD
One group of sensor values RSD order is read, N number of elongated byte format is as shown in figure 17.
Single sensor values RSD orders are read, N number of elongated byte format is as shown in figure 18.
（2）Read the magnitude of voltage RBT of long range node/short distance node
The magnitude of voltage RBT orders of a group node are read, N number of elongated byte format is as shown in figure 19.
Single sensor voltage value RBT orders are read, N number of elongated byte format is as shown in figure 20.
（3）Read the signal intensity RNS of short distance node
The signal intensity RNS orders of one group of short distance node are read, N number of elongated byte format is as shown in figure 21.
Single sensor values RNS orders are read, N number of elongated byte format is as shown in figure 22.
（4）Read the 802.15.4 network structures RND of long range node
N number of elongated byte that RND orders are used, form is as shown in figure 23.
(5) long range node/short distance node R ST orders are restarted, N number of elongated byte format is as shown in figure 24.
Data storage scheme
In order to prevent that node need to store the data volume of a cycle after the data of collection sensor because environment causes communication failure to the influence of wireless signal, so as to Surveillance center and client's extraction historical data.The scheme of data storage is as described below：
（1）Carry out node data storage separation mechanism：The data of itself are stored on each node, mitigate the storage pressure of long range node.
（2）The data message of different sensors is stored respectively：Storage and extraction are all independent to be carried out, and lookup speed is fast, is not likely to produce mistake.
（3）Data storage carries out sparse collection on each node and the intensive storage for gathering two kinds of data is separated：Slightly smaller internal memory can be distributed respectively, it is stable beneficial to Memory Allocation success and program；It is easy to extract historical data.
（4）Carry out storage a cycle（It is set to 1 day at present）Data.A cycle data=sparse number of times+intensive number of times.
（5）Cause loss of data if as certain reason, it is necessary to send data and extract the historical data stored on the timely extraction node of order, if do not extracted in time, the data in last cycle can be covered one by one after being arrived in the next cycle.
（6）When transmission the whole network starts acquisition every time, just according to the number of times requirement dynamic assigning memory of the sparse collection and intensive collection set in order, realize（1）—（5）Storage scheme.Avoid distributing small internal memory temporarily before data storage after collection every time, occupy program execution time and easily cause memory fragmentation.
（7）When repetition transmission the whole network starts acquisition, judge whether to have changed frequency acquisition, if data are still stored in original region of memory if not changing, the region of memory deposited originally is needed to expand if it have changed frequency acquisition, therefore the internal memory distributed originally is discharged, and distributes new internal memory and carry out data storage.Storage region can be so adjusted according to the change of frequency acquisition, not result in the much and many minor issues of memory space that fixed array is brought.
Data upload scheme
GPRS modes
L is engraved in each collection realize the convergence that short-range sensors node is gathered on long range node after, then sink nodes are sent to by GPRS communication modes.
The form that l data are uploaded is as shown in figure 19.Content includes the following aspects：
（1）Command header is " SD5 "：It is shown to be the data of 5 sensors
（2）Sparse or is intensive
（3）Which collection point
（4）Node serial number（It can be drawn according to node corresponding table）
Annotation：It is which node for belonging to which monitoring group that node corresponding table, which refers to just being corresponded to out according to 1 ~ 160 numbering of each node,.
（5）The style number of sensor（It is tentative：Point-like light quantum sensor 1=A；Point-like light quantum sensor 2=B；Line of light quantum sensor=C；Soil moisture sensor=D；Infrared canopy temperature sensor=E）
（6）The 16bit data of analog-to-digital conversion.Wherein 12bit is effective result.
Short message mode
Under intensive drainage pattern, after long range node has converged the data of five collection moment points, that is, all data of intensive collection five minutes, MODEM is uploaded to short message.
Under sparse mode, a data are uploaded within one hour to MODEM.
Upload scheme under dense mode：
Realized in each collection moment point and the result of short-range sensors node is converged on long range node, sink nodes are sent to by short message mode again after the data of several collection moment points have been converged.
Under dense mode, long range node data uploaded format is as shown in figure 26.
（1）1st byte --- the opening flag for uploading data is used as using " ＆ " symbol.
（2）2nd, 3 bytes --- the numbering of the monitoring group middle and long distance node is included in the data SMS each uploaded：, simultaneously as the mark of difference monitoring group, dual guarantee, if the long range node telephone number is changed, it can be distinguished with the SIM card number of the long range node with the numbering of long range node；Sink nodes need to only be numbered according in short message content, the step of can saving extraction SIM card；It can be used as later extension.
（3）4th, 5 byte --- drainage pattern D/S：Show the data which kind of pattern is the data belong under.
（4）6th, 7 bytes --- show the starting collection moment of the data of transmission.Every short message uploads the data of 5 collection moment points, and the at this moment starting collection moment is exactly 1.Data are followed successively by the data at 1 to 5 collection moment in order.
（5）8th, 9 byte --- marks of sensors A：Character A.Thereafter 20 bytes（10~29）, i.e., 5 groups data belong to sensors A stored since the 4th byte starting collection the moment 5 collection the moment data.
（6）30th, 31 byte --- sensor B marks：Character B.Thereafter 20 bytes（32~51）, i.e., 5 groups data belong to sensor B stored since the 4th byte starting collection the moment 5 collection the moment data.
（7）52nd, 53 byte --- sensor C marks：Character C.Thereafter 20 bytes（54~73）, i.e., 5 groups data belong to sensor C stored since the 4th byte starting collection the moment 5 collection the moment data.
（8）74th, 75 byte --- sensor D marks：Character D.Thereafter 20 bytes（76~95）, i.e., 5 groups data belong to sensor D stored since the 4th byte starting collection the moment 5 collection the moment data.
（9）96th, 97 byte --- sensor E marks：Character E.Thereafter 20 bytes（98~117）, i.e., 5 groups data belong to sensor E stored since the 4th byte starting collection the moment 5 collection the moment data.
（10）If 5 collection moment point datas of every short message sending, it may appear that the 121st time data individually need one article of short message sending.
（11）121 data of intensive collection a, short message puts the data of 5 collection moment points, it is necessary to send 24 short messages, adds that short message of individually transmission data, needs to send 25 short messages altogether.
Upload scheme under sparse mode
Upload a data within one hour
Under sparse mode, long range node data uploaded format is as shown in figure 27.
（1）1st byte --- the opening flag for uploading data is used as using " ＆ " symbol.
（2）2nd, 3 bytes --- the numbering of the monitoring group middle and long distance node is included in the data SMS each uploaded：, simultaneously as the mark of difference monitoring group, dual guarantee, if the long range node telephone number is changed, it can be distinguished with the SIM card number of the long range node with the numbering of long range node；Sink nodes need to only be numbered according in short message content, the step of can saving extraction SIM card；It can be used as later extension.
（3）4th, 5 byte --- drainage pattern D/S：Show the data which kind of pattern is the data belong under.
（4）6th, 7 bytes --- show the starting collection moment of the data of transmission.Each short message uploads the data of 1 collection moment point, and the starting collection moment is exactly 1.
（5）8th, 9 byte --- marks of sensors A：Character A.Thereafter the 10th ~ 13 byte makes to turn to 0 at the beginning of being sensing data, the 14th ~ 29 byte.
（6）30th, 31 byte --- sensor B marks：Character B.Thereafter the 32nd ~ 35 byte makes to turn to 0 at the beginning of being sensing data, the 36th ~ 51 byte.
（7）52nd, 53 byte --- sensor C marks：Character C.Thereafter the 54th ~ 57 byte makes to turn to 0 at the beginning of being sensing data, the 58th ~ 73 byte.
（8）74th, 75 byte --- sensor D marks：Character D.Thereafter the 76th ~ 79 byte makes to turn to 0 at the beginning of being sensing data, the 80th ~ 95 byte.
（9）96th, 97 byte --- sensor E marks：Character E.Thereafter 98 ~ 101 bytes make to turn to 0 at the beginning of being sensing data, the 102nd ~ 117 byte.
（10）21 data of sparse collection, 1 collection moment point data of every short message sending is, it is necessary to send 21 short messages.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of wireless sensor network data acquisition methods of farmland ecological environment information, it is characterised in that：Including several monitored areas, each monitored area includes the independent Small Area Wireless Communication Networks based on IEEE802.15.4, the Small Area Wireless Communication Networks are made up of a long range node and several short distance nodes, short distance node is substantially carried out the collection of sensing data, and a 802.15.4 network is organized themselves into, the data collected are sent to long range node；Long range node has two kinds of wireless communication protocols：IEEE802.15.4 and GPRS/GSM, the MCU of long range node is connected to be responsible for setting up GPRS/GSM with Surveillance center by serial ports and GPRS module to communicate, and carry out IEEE802.15.4 communications with short distance node, simultaneously, long range node gathers sensing data, the sensing data of all collections is converged to after long range node, the server of Surveillance center is dealt into by GPRS/GSM networks, Surveillance center end has a server with public network IP to realize the transmission of short message order and the reception of note data to receive GPRS data, and a GPRS/GSM modem；
According to data acquisition demand, using 1 day as a cycle, the data of certain a period of time collection per minute in whole day 24 hours, referred to as intensive collection；Other when gather a data per hour, referred to as sparse collection；
The group-net communication mode of the Small Area Wireless Communication Networks is specially：Short haul connection state is mainly controlled by ZDO state machines, different operations are performed according to different node types, after node carries out Network finding, long range node can only set up a network, and short distance node can only add network, if building network failure either adds network failure, it then can all come back to the state of Network finding, otherwise, normal operating condition can then be entered, it can be received under this state from long-range order, packet can be sent and received, if node leaves, it then will turn into halted state, if receiving order short message in running status, then start long haul communication, contain GPRS initialization, define PDP Context and be attached to GPRS network, activate defined PDP Context, set up GPRS connections, send GPRS data, close GPRS connections, close mobile context.
2. the wireless sensor network data acquisition methods of farmland ecological environment information according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described Small Area Wireless Communication Networks are started and set up as cluster head by long range node, long range node carries out scan channel first, using an idle channel, Cluste-Tree topological parameter is provided simultaneously, then broadcast beacon frame, nearby device to be received just apply after beacon frame and added, long range node determines whether that equipment is added according to the child node information of submission, one node is added after network, can be obtained from its father node oneself the network address and long range node as defined in topological parameter；
Node is received after data frame, if destination address is broadcast address, the frame will then be re-broadcast, if not broadcast frame, then judge whether the destination address of the frame is equal to the address of current receiving device, if the destination address of frame is equal to the address of current device, frame is just passed to upper strata processing by Internet；Otherwise, current receiving device is just an intermediate forwarding devices of the frame, then according to circumstances carries out the forwarding to frame, if sub- equipment, then directly forwards；If not then being forwarded according to route table items, if showed currently without the route for arriving at location, judge it is to carry out route transmission using tree algorithm according to algorithm, or route discovery is carried out according to AODVjr algorithms, then forward the frame.
3. the wireless sensor network data acquisition methods of farmland ecological environment information according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The group-net communication mode of long-distance radio communication network selects any one mode in GPRS and short message.
4. the wireless sensor network data acquisition methods of farmland ecological environment information according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Node stores the data volume of a cycle after the data of collection sensor.
5. the wireless sensor network data acquisition methods of farmland ecological environment information according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Data are uploaded and used under short message mode, intensive drainage pattern, when long range node has converged the data of five collection moment points, after all data of namely intensive collection five minutes, uploaded to short message under MODEM, sparse drainage pattern, upload a data within one hour.
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| CN104483936A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-04-01 | 黄河科技学院 | Wireless network information collection platform of wireless data access system |
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| CN108880660A (en) * | 2018-06-30 | 2018-11-23 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Salt-soda soil orchard management system and its control method |
| CN110913361B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2022-04-08 | 江苏恒宝智能系统技术有限公司 | Farmland node network system |
| CN113887450B (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-05-20 | 中国人民解放军91977部队 | Modulation spectrum feature-based underwater target online screening method |
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| CN101917465A (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2010-12-15 | 任勇 | Network architecture of Internet of things based on mobile gateway |
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