CN102095776A - 脐带来源间充质干细胞表面差异膜蛋白的检测方法 - Google Patents
脐带来源间充质干细胞表面差异膜蛋白的检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及干细胞差异膜蛋白的检测方法,旨在提供一种脐带来源间充质干细胞表面差异膜蛋白的检测方法。该方法包括:间充质干细胞的分离和培养、间充质干细胞膜蛋白的提取、双向荧光差异凝胶电泳法获取膜蛋白凝胶图谱、质谱分析及验证。本发明首次将2D-DIGE用来对干细胞膜表面特殊差异表面标志的检测,可以在同一块凝胶上对不同样品中蛋白质进行定量比较分析,在每块凝胶中加入了内标,DIA和BVA软件可以自动地根据每个蛋白质点的内标对其表达量进行校准,最大程度上降低了不同批次胶与胶之间的误差,反应了蛋白质的真实改变程度,降低了假阳性率及假阴性率。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种干细胞差异膜蛋白的检测方法,特别涉及脐带与脐血间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cells, MSCSs)表面差异膜蛋白的检测方法。
背景技术
干细胞(stem cells,SC)是一类具有自我复制能力的多潜能细胞,在一定条件下,它可以分化成多种功能细胞。间充质干细胞(MSCSs)是干细胞家族的重要成员,来源于胚胎发育期中胚层,主要存在于全身结缔组织和器官间质中,骨髓组织中的含量较为丰富。因其具有强大的增殖能力和多向分化潜能、造血支持和促进干细胞植入、免疫调控等特点,使其在组织工程、细胞治疗和基因治疗等方面具有广泛的临床应用前景。近年来,随着人们对间充质干细胞生物学特性及功能的深入研究,已成功地从骨髓、外周血、肌肉、脂肪、脐血、脐带及胎盘等组织中分离并鉴定出MSCSs。
脐带来源的间充质干细胞,迄今的研究表明,它不但能够成为骨髓间充质干细胞的理想替代物,而且具有更大的应用潜能,它表达多种胚胎干细胞的特有分子标志,具有分化潜力大、增殖能力强、免疫原性低、取材方便、无道德伦理问题的限制、易于工业化制备等特征,因此极具具临床应用前景。脐血是指脐带内及胎盘近胎儿一侧血管内的血液含有丰富的干细胞和前体细胞,其主要包含造血干细胞和MSCSs。人脐血MSCSs也有极其一致的生物学特性,且可能更原始,增殖分化能力更强,易保存, 免疫反应性低, 因此也吸引了越来越多研究者的关注。一般认为,流式细胞仪检测时,脐带MSCS强表达CD13、CD29、CD44、CD105,不表达CD34、CD11a、CD14、CD31、CD45。脐血MSCS表达 CD 29、CD 44、CD54、CD58、CD90、C D 95、C D166等免疫表型,不表达CD14、CD34、CD40、CD45、CD50、 CD68、CD80、CD8 6、CD117 和 CD152等免疫表型。但这些标志不同文献报道也不尽相同。迄今为止,脐带和脐血来源的间充质干细胞都没有特定的表面标志。作为脐血输送的管道——脐带,目前也没有资料标明,其分离出的MSCS和脐血MSCS表面表达蛋白有何不同。但这种差异在发育生物学上有着重要意义,本专利就是采用一种新的技术手段,来揭示脐带和脐血中分离出的MSCS表面蛋白表达差异。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是,克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种间充质干细胞表面差异膜蛋白的检测方法,该方法可用于检测脐带和脐血两种不同来源的间充质干细胞表面的特殊的膜蛋白标志。
双向凝胶电泳是蛋白质组研究中的主流技术,但该技术的重复性和敏感性不佳,且缺乏对蛋白质点的精确定量,近年来出现的双向荧光差异显示凝胶技术(two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, 2D-DIGE)克服了传统的双向凝胶电泳技术的上述缺点。2D-DIGE在传统双向凝胶电泳技术的基础上,结合多重荧光分析的方法,在同一块胶上分离多个由不同荧光标记的样品,并第一次引入了内标的概念,软件自动根据每个蛋白点的内标对其表达量进行校准,保证所检测到的蛋白丰度变化是真实的,极大地提高了结果的准确性,可靠性和重复性,避免了使用不同凝胶时在操作上的偶然性和不平行性。
因此我们我们通过双向荧光差异凝胶电泳对不同来源的膜蛋白进行分析,来研究脐带和脐血MSCS表面差异蛋白,在此基础上一方面可制备单抗,进行MSCS的鉴定,另一方面,揭示两者在发育生物学上的关系。
为解决技术问题,本发明是通过如下的技术方案实现的:
提供一种脐带来源间充质干细胞表面差异膜蛋白的检测方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)间充质干细胞的分离和培养
脐带MSCSs:取新鲜脐带组织剪碎,胶原酶消化,收集消化得到的细胞悬液,使用Ficoll分离液进行密度梯度离心,收集白膜层,洗两遍,收集细胞,常规培养;
脐血MSCSs:取新鲜脐血,使用Ficoll分离液进行密度梯度离心,收集白膜层,洗两遍,收集细胞,常规培养;
所有间充质干细胞均培养至对数生长期,用于移植;
(2)间充质干细胞膜蛋白的提取
反复冻融法使得细胞破碎,然后通过梯度离心得到含有膜蛋白的组分;
(3)双向荧光差异凝胶电泳法获取膜蛋白凝胶图谱
通过双向荧光差异凝胶电泳法(2D-DIGE),得到Cy2、Cy3及Cy5荧光素标记的不同种类的膜蛋白凝胶图谱,采用DeCyder 2D图像分析软件进行分析,识别两组间差异表达的蛋白质点;
(4)质谱分析及验证
选取差异蛋白质点,胶内酶解后进行质谱分析,并对MareixScience公司的Mascot网上数据库查询,鉴定差异蛋白质,寻找不同来源干细胞的特殊表面标志,然后采用Western-Blot验证。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明首次将2D-DIGE用来对干细胞膜表面特殊差异表面标志的检测,可以在同一块凝胶上对不同样品中蛋白质进行定量比较分析,在每块凝胶中加入了内标,DIA和BVA软件可以自动地根据每个蛋白质点的内标对其表达量进行校准,最大程度上降低了不同批次胶与胶之间的误差,反应了蛋白质的真实改变程度,降低了假阳性率及假阴性率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例子,对本发明的技术方案详细描述。
首先声明,虽然本发明中涉及使用新鲜脐带组织和新鲜脐血,但针对的只是已脱离人体的新鲜脐带组织和新鲜脐血,其具体获取过程本身并不属于本发明的内容。本发明对其制备方法的详细描述只是为了更清楚地介绍生物材料的准备过程,但该描述并不意味着相关技术手段也属本发明要求保护的内容。
(一)间充质干细胞细胞的分离培养
脐带MSCSs的分离培养:
无菌条件下将脐带用预热的PBS充分洗涤去血渍后,剥离脐动静脉血管,剪成1cm3见方的小块,置于0.1%四型胶原酶中消化,37℃消化,1h,过滤,用PBS冲洗,收集消化液和冲洗液,1200 rpm,离心10 min,弃上清,PBS洗涤细胞沉淀。MSCS专用培养基重悬,接种于6孔培养板中,置于37℃、5%CO2CO2饱和湿度培养箱中,行常规培养及传代。
脐血MSCSs的分离培养:
无菌条件下取正常足月剖腹产孕妇的脐带血50ml左右,按1:1用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)进行稀释,将稀释后的脐血沿管壁缓慢加入含有Ficoll-PaqueTM PLUS人淋巴细胞分离液(其相对密度为1.077g/L)的离心管中,进行梯度离心(20℃,2000rpm,25min)。离心后,吸取管中白膜层,PBS洗涤两次,获得脐血单个核细胞。MSCS专用培养基重悬,接种于6孔培养板中,置于37℃、5%CO2饱和湿度培养箱中,行常规培养及传代。
(二)分离细胞膜蛋白的方法:
1、 冰上刮下细胞后将细胞溶于有蛋白酶抑制剂的缓冲液A(1mMkcl,5mMNacl,3mM Mgcl2,50mM Hepes,1mM DTT,0.5μg/ml Leupeptin,20μM pmsf(PH=7.4))中,于室温与液氮罐中反复冻融2次。
2、 5000转4度离心,驱除核及未裂解的细胞。
3、 取上清12000转4度离心10分钟取沉淀溶于有蛋白酶抑制剂的缓冲液B(1mMkcl,5mMNacl,3mM Mgcl2,50mM Hepes,1mM DTT,0.5μg/ml Leupeptin,20μM PMSF(PH=7.4))中。
4、 12000转4度离心10分钟取沉淀溶于有蛋白酶抑制剂的缓冲液C(0.5μg/ml Leupeptin,20μM PMSF,50mMTris-cl(PH=7.0))中提取后测蛋白浓度,SDS-PAGE电泳,分装后-20度保存备用。
(三)膜蛋白浓度测定
采用GE公司专门针对蛋白质组学研究设计的蛋白质抽提2D Quant Kit定量试剂盒。其基本原理是将蛋白质沉淀后,去除裂解液,再用含铜离子的溶液重溶蛋白质沉淀,未与蛋白质结合的铜离子可与显色工作液反应而显色,显色的深浅与蛋白质的浓度成反比。
(四)2D-DIGE
1、内标样品制备:2个样品(N1、N2)各取50μg,体积10μl,加入到同一个eppendorf管里,震荡混匀,离心。然后50μg每管分装成2管。
2、储存液的制备:把染料从-20℃的冰箱中取出,轻旋,室温静置5min,吸5μl DMF至染料管中,震荡离心,配制成lnmol/μl储存液。
3、工作液的制备:首先取1.8μl DMF到eppendorf管,然后吸取1.2μl储存液到一个eppendorf管中,震荡离心即配成400 pmol/μl的工作液。避光保存。
4、样品标记:将每1μl工作液和50μg蛋白的比例进行荧光标记。整个操作中避光进行。冰上避光放置30 min,每管蛋白中加入lμl赖氨酸终止标记反应
5、样品准备将分别用Cy2、Cy3和Cy5标记的样品加入到同一eppendorf管中,震荡混匀,短暂离心。避光操作。每块胶上加入等体积的2×上样缓冲液(7mol/L尿素,2mmol/L硫脲,4%CHAPS,65mmol/L DTT)冰上静止10 min,准备上样。
表1 标记成分
胶数目 | CY2 | CY3 | CY5 |
1 | 50μg(两种蛋白各25μg) | 胎盘来源干细胞膜蛋白50μg | 脐血来源干细胞膜蛋白50μg |
2 | 50μg(两种蛋白各25μg) | 脐血来源干细胞膜蛋白50μg | 胎盘来源干细胞膜蛋白50μg |
6、等电聚焦
分别将胶1~2中Cy2、Cy3、Cy5三种荧光标记样品混合在一起。加入适量水化液和(0.5%v/v)IPG buffer (pH 4-7)振荡混匀使各胶上样的总体积为450μl,将蛋白溶液吸至IPG胶条槽内,将IPG干胶条(Ph4-7NL,24cm)放入含蛋白的胶条槽中,覆盖一层Immobiline Drystrip覆盖液约2ml,置于IPGphor等电聚焦仪上,设置程序,使水化和聚焦均在20℃下进行,其中于30V低电压水化12h,然后经过100V 0.5h、500V 0.5h、1000V 1h、8000V 1h,最后稳定在8000V下进行等电聚焦8h。
7、平衡
用镊子夹出胶条,超纯水冲洗后,在滤纸上吸干,再以超纯水冲洗,滤纸吸干,然后用镊子夹住胶条以正极端(即酸性端)向下,负极端(即碱性端)向上,放入用来平衡的试管中(镊子所夹的是碱性端,酸性端留有溴酚兰作为标记),用平衡液A (50mmolTriS-HCL,pH8.8,6mmol/L Urea,30%甘油,1%SDS,0.2%DTT,0.1%溴酚蓝),平衡液B(50mmolTriS-HCL,pH8.8,6mmol/L Urea,30%甘油,1%SDS,3%碘乙酰胺,0.1%溴酚蓝)先后平衡15min.
8、第二向垂直SDS-PAGE电泳
将IPG胶条从平衡缓冲液中移出,用镊子夹住胶条的一端使胶面完全浸末在1×电泳缓冲液中。然后将胶条胶面朝上放在凝胶的长玻璃板上,轻轻将胶条推至PAGE胶面上,胶面和胶条要紧密结合,再将SDS-PAGE凝胶转移到灌胶架上,在凝胶的上方加入0.5%低熔点琼脂糖封胶液。5W/胶电泳30min,然后以20W/胶恒功率电泳,直至溴酚兰指示线到达凝胶底边处停止电泳。
9、扫描分析图像
Typhoon多功能激光扫描仪扫描SDS-PAGE凝胶,扫描后的图像用DeCyderTM2D6.5分析图像,找出差异蛋白点。
10、 加大上样量建立制备胶并用考马斯亮蓝染色
将各组蛋白混合到1000μg,进行双向电泳,再用考马斯亮蓝染色,用ddH2O洗涤两次,每次15min,倒入考马斯亮蓝染蓝染液(0.25%考马斯亮蓝R-250,溶解于50%甲醇和10%乙酸中)。摇染过夜(约13h),弃掉考染液,用蒸馏水洗涤3次,再加入10%的乙醇脱色液250ml,摇床上脱色至背景清晰为止,扫描保存图像。
(五)质谱样品制备
1、根据DeCyder 2D图像分析软件的分析结果在制备胶上寻找相应的蛋白点,用修剪后的lml移液器的Tip吸头从凝胶上切取蛋白质点,装入Eppendorf管中;
2、用50%ACN(乙腈)/100mM NH4HCO3(200ml ,pH8.0)将小胶块浸洗10min,反复3次;最后吸去洗液;
3、用Speed Vac将胶块抽干;
4、将胶块浸入10mM DTT/50mM NH4HCO3(pH8.0)(通常50ml)中,并温育1h(温度逐渐升高到65℃);之后吸去浸液;
5、将胶块浸入55mM iodoacetamide/50mM NH4HCO3(pH8.0)(比50ml稍多)中,于室温下在暗室中温育30min;之后吸去浸液;
6、将胶块用100ml 10mM NH4HCO3浸洗10min;吸去NH4HCO3溶液后,再用100ml ACN浸洗10min;
7、重复第6步的操作一遍;
8、吸去上清液,用Speed Vac将胶块抽干5min;
9、向装有胶块的Eppendorf管中加入5ml 稀释后的Promega trypsin酶液,让酶液被胶块吸收;
10、加入足量的10mM NH4HCO3以覆盖吸胀的胶块(约35ml);
11、于37℃温育3h或过夜;
12、加入等体积的60%ACN / 5% formic acid(约40ml),超声波振荡10min,从而达到抽提的效果。离心2min,收集并保存上清液。向剩下的胶块再加入约40ml 60%ACN / 5% formic acid,重复刚才的操作,并保存上清;
13、将收集保存的上清液抽干约1h;
14、用ZipTipC18脱盐;
15、做MALDI分析前,将抽干的样品溶解在50%ACN/0.1%TFA中,-20℃保存。
(六)质谱分析
将制备好的点样板放入Applied Biosystems Voyager-DE STR 4307 MALDI-TOF-MS质谱仪中进行分析,采用反射模式,正离子模式下测定,离子源加速电压为20000 V,反射电压比为1.12,N2激光波长337nm,脉冲宽度为3 ns,离子延迟抽提100 nsec,真空度4x10-7Torr,采集质量范围 m/z800-3000道尔顿,质谱信号单次扫描累加100次,使用ACTH作为外部标准,胰蛋白质酶自切降解峰(842.510,2211.105)作为内部标准校正,获得肽质量指纹图(PMF)。
(七)数据检索
MALDI-TOF-MS质谱图解谱采用MatrixScience公司的Mascot Distiller软件进行,先调用Data ExploreTM软件处理AB公司MALDI-TOF-MS质谱产生的原始文件。数据库查询采用MareixScience公司的Mascot,其查询网址为http://www.matrixscience.com/cgi/search_form.pl?FORMVER=2&SEARCH=PMF。数据库检索参数为:Your name和E-Mail内输入相应的名字和E-mail地址,数据库为NCBInr,物种分类(Taxonomy)为人类(Homo sapiens),酶为Trypsin,允许的未酶切位点为l,固定修饰(Fixed modifications)为碘乙酰胺Carbamidomethyl(C)修饰,可变修饰不选,肽片段容差为lOOppm,Mass values为MH+,选择Monoisotopic,选择直接输入Mascot Distiller产生的临时文件或单同位素峰的列表(Peak Lists)即可进行数据库检索。
(八)western-blot蛋白验证
配制凝胶,分离胶为10%,浓缩胶为5%,
1、上样,每孔蛋白量为40μg;
2、电泳,电压为150V,时间为90min;
3、转膜,电流为400mA,时间为100min;
4、封闭2h,封闭液为含5%脱脂奶粉的1×TBS溶液;
5、一抗(RON 1:8000;Actin 1:800)4℃冰箱过夜;
6、含0.05%吐温的1×TBST洗膜4次,10min/次;
7、二抗(1:5000)室温反应2h;
8、含0.05%吐温的1×TBST洗膜5次,10min/次;
9、ECL AB液显色,X光片曝光30秒。
Claims (1)
1.脐带来源间充质干细胞表面差异膜蛋白的检测方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)间充质干细胞的分离和培养
取新鲜脐带组织,剥离血管,剪碎,胶原酶消化;收集消化得到的细胞悬液,离心,收集细胞,常规培养;
取新鲜脐血,使用Ficoll分离液进行密度梯度离心;收集白膜层,洗两遍,收集细胞,常规培养;
所有间充质干细胞均培养至对数生长期,用于移植;
(2)间充质干细胞膜蛋白的提取
反复冻融法使得细胞破碎,然后通过梯度离心得到含有膜蛋白的组分;
(3)双向荧光差异凝胶电泳法获取膜蛋白凝胶图谱
通过双向荧光差异凝胶电泳法,得到Cy2、Cy3及Cy5荧光素标记的不同种类的膜蛋白凝胶图谱,采用DeCyder 2D图像分析软件进行分析,识别两组间差异表达的蛋白质点;
(4)质谱分析及验证
选取差异蛋白质点,胶内酶解后进行质谱分析,并对MareixScience公司的Mascot网上数据库查询,鉴定差异蛋白质,寻找不同来源干细胞的特殊表面标志,然后采用Western-Blot验证。
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CN107703219A (zh) * | 2017-07-28 | 2018-02-16 | 浙江大学 | 基于CILLC‑MS的评价GFP基因转染对hPMSCs代谢组学影响的方法 |
CN107703219B (zh) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-09-27 | 浙江大学 | 基于CILLC-MS的评价GFP基因转染对hPMSCs代谢组学影响的方法 |
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