CN102091919B - Machining method of three-dimensional closed impeller - Google Patents
Machining method of three-dimensional closed impeller Download PDFInfo
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- CN102091919B CN102091919B CN 200910220625 CN200910220625A CN102091919B CN 102091919 B CN102091919 B CN 102091919B CN 200910220625 CN200910220625 CN 200910220625 CN 200910220625 A CN200910220625 A CN 200910220625A CN 102091919 B CN102091919 B CN 102091919B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a machining process of an impeller of a compressor, in particular to a machining method of a three-dimensional closed impeller, which is to clamp a semi-finish turned forge piece on a five-axis linked computer numerical control machining center to perform closed channel overall milling including drilling, coarse machining, semi-precision machining, back chipping and finish machining to mill the entire impeller and impeller channels. Compared with the conventional welding method, the machining method has the advantages that: the raw materials are saved and production cost is reduced as only one entire forge piece blank is used; the working efficiency is improved greatly because fewer machining process procedures are adopted and machining speed is high; the machining quality is high as quality defects caused by thermal deformation and welding are avoided; the machined impeller has high strength and high corrosion resistance; and the machining time of the impeller is reduced and the life index of a tool is improved because the flow the overall milling machining method is optimized according to the material, structure, specification and technical requirements of the workpiece and an applicable tool is configured according to different machining process procedures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing technology of compressor impeller, specifically a kind of processing method of three-dimensional closed impeller.
Background technology
Adopted in a large number three-dimensional closed impeller in the compressor, the characteristics of this impeller are: the leaf curling degree is large, and passage is narrow, and reel and shrouding disc surface of revolution curvature are larger, adopts traditional processing technology to be difficult to solve.
Shown in Fig. 1 a～Fig. 1 g, traditional three-dimensional closed impeller is to weld together after many processing, blank is comprised of wheel cap forging blank (as shown in Figure 1a) and wheel disc forging hair bad (shown in Fig. 1 b), technological process is: first the wheel cap forging blank is installed on the lathe,, half finish turning rough turn along the dotted line among Fig. 1 a is to Fig. 1 c shape; The wheel disc forging blank is installed on the lathe,, half finish turning rough turn along the dotted line among Fig. 1 b is to Fig. 1 D-shaped shape again; Then wheel disc is installed on the milling machine, milled blade on wheel disc (shown in Fig. 1 e) then will mill the blade and the wheel cap that make and weld together, carries out stress-removal (shown in Fig. 1 f), at last finish turning impeller shown in Fig. 1 g.Above-mentioned conventional machining process blank material is more, causes the wasting of resources; Manufacturing procedure is complicated, has weld defect; Low, the corrosion-resistant in the strong end of impeller after welding.
Summary of the invention
The problems referred to above that exist in order to solve existing impeller conventional machining process the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of integral body to mill the processing method of the three-dimensional closed impeller of system.The method integral body on forging is milled system, has improved the crudy of impeller, has avoided weld defect.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Processing method of the present invention is: on five-shaft linkage numerical control machining center, the forging that half finish turning is the complete integral body of carrying out the enclosed passage by boring, roughing, semifinishing, back chipping and fine finishining that is installed is milled system, and integral body is milled and made blade and blade path.
Wherein: described boring be from the entrance side of blade path and outlet side respectively to the centre-drilling hole of blade path until join in the center of blade path, remove most of material in the blade path; : feed in the outlet side path of blade path, the length that cutter puts in blade path is approximately 1/3 of passage, carries out first roughing, and surplus is 1mm; Then to carrying out semifinishing through rough machined position, surplus is 0.2mm again; The middle part of blade path is divided into the second middle part of the first middle part and close wheel cap, and preferably bulb cone cutter, bulb cylindrical bar milling cutter or plug in milling cutter of general rigidity adopted in the middle part, and the middle part adopts the lollipop milling cutter to process; The cutter head of described lollipop milling cutter is spherical, and cutter head is connected with knife bar by the neck less than its diameter, forms the gap between neck and knife bar and the manufactured semifinishing blade path when cutting; Roughing is carried out first in feed in the entrance side path of blade path, and surplus is 1mm; Then to carrying out semifinishing through rough machined position, surplus is 0.2mm again; Adopt bulb cone cutter, bulb cylindrical bar milling cutter, flat cutter or lollipop milling cutter to process; Blade is carried out tool selection lollipop milling cutter or the bulb cylindrical bar milling cutter of back chipping, adopt the mode of milling of inserting; The fine finishining of at last blade, wheel hub and wheel cap being carried out respectively, surplus is-0.01mm, selects lollipop milling cutter or bulb cylindrical bar milling cutter, carries out respectively fine finishining from entrance side and the outlet side of blade path.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
1. the present invention compares with traditional welding method, only uses the forging hair of an integral body bad, has saved raw material, has reduced production cost.
2. manufacturing procedure of the present invention is less, and process velocity is fast, has greatly improved operating efficiency.
3. the present invention has avoided because of thermal deformation and has welded the mass defect that causes, and crudy is good.
4. adopt integral body of the present invention to mill the three-dimensional closed impeller of method processing processed, its impeller intensity is high, have good corrosion resistance.
5. the present invention can be according to material, structure, dimensions and the specification requirement of workpiece, optimizes integral body and mills processing method flow process processed, and be equipped with the cutter that is suitable for according to different manufacturing procedures, thereby improved the index of aging of cutter the process time of having reduced impeller.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is one of flow chart of conventional machining process;
Fig. 1 b be conventional machining process flow chart two;
Fig. 1 c be conventional machining process flow chart three;
Fig. 1 d be conventional machining process flow chart four;
Fig. 1 e be conventional machining process flow chart five;
Fig. 1 f be conventional machining process flow chart six;
Fig. 1 g be conventional machining process flow chart seven;
Fig. 2 a is one of flow chart of processing method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 b be processing method of the present invention flow chart two;
Fig. 2 c be processing method of the present invention flow chart three;
Fig. 2 d be processing method of the present invention flow chart four;
Fig. 3 is the bulb cone knife structure schematic diagram of machining blade passage of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the lollipop milling cutter construction schematic diagram of machining blade passage of the present invention middle part;
Fig. 5 is the flat-bottomed cutter lamps structure schematic diagram of machining blade passage of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the bulb cylindrical bar milling cutter structural representation of machining blade passage of the present invention;
Fig. 7 a is the internal structure schematic diagram of blade path of the present invention;
Fig. 7 b is the left view of Fig. 5 a;
Fig. 7 c is the A-A cutaway view among Fig. 5 a;
Fig. 7 d is the B-B revolved sectional view among Fig. 5 a.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Shown in Fig. 2 a～2d, dotted line represents impeller shape among the figure, and solid line represents the forging blank.The whole process of method that the present invention processes three-dimensional closed impeller is divided into: forging blank (Fig. 2 a), half finish turning (Fig. 2 b) of impeller profile, the integral body system of milling (Fig. 2 c) and the outline finish turning (Fig. 2 d) of blade enclosed passage.Be specially:
Solid forging 1 (shown in Fig. 2 a) is installed on the turning center of Digit Control Machine Tool, shown in Fig. 2 b, the solid line among the figure is the turning manuscript, and forging is carried out turning, axial feed turning is to the entrance side 3 of blade path, and radial feed turning goes out the outline of wheel cap;
Shown in Fig. 2 c, on five-axle number control machine tool, employing from the entrance side 3 of blade path 11 and outlet side 4 respectively to the centre-drilling hole of blade path 11 until join in the center of blade path 11, remove the most of material in the blade path 11, so that during next step roughing blade path, the Tool advance ratio is easier to, and also can prolong the life-span of cutter; The simultaneously processing in hole is stable, and efficient is higher.
Shown in Fig. 2 c, in passage, carry out passage roughing (rough milling), surplus 1mm from the outlet side 4 (maximum gauge side) of blade path 11; Then to carrying out semifinishing (half finish-milling) through rough machined position, surplus is 0.2mm again; The processing length that cutter puts in is 1/3 of blade path.In order to increase the rigidity of cutter, can adopt as shown in Figure 3 knife bar is that cone, cutter head are that bulb cone cutter or the rigidity of sphere plugged in milling cutter preferably.
The blade path middle part is because leaf curling is large, wheel cap side curvature is larger simultaneously, adopt conventional tool to be difficult to reach this position, therefore when machining blade passage middle part, adopt lollipop milling cutter as shown in Figure 4, the cutter head 7 of lollipop milling cutter is spherical, cutter head 7 is connected with knife bar 9 by the neck 8 less than its diameter, when cutting, utilize the larger cutter head section of lollipop milling cutter diameter to contact, participate in cutting with wheel cap, neck 8 and knife bar 9 do not interfere with manufactured semifinishing blade path.In order to improve the efficient of processing, the middle part of blade path 11 can be divided into two parts, it is the second middle part 6 of the first larger middle part 5 of volume and small volume, the first middle part 5 that volume is larger can adopt bulb cone cutter or plug in milling cutter to replace the lollipop milling cutter, and the second middle part 6 of small volume adopts the lollipop milling cutter to process.
Shown in Fig. 2 c, from the entrance side 3 (minimum diameter side) of blade path 11 to passage in feed, carry out first roughing (rough milling), surplus is 1mm; Then semifinishing (half finish-milling) is carried out at rough machined position again, surplus is 0.2mm; Can select bulb cone cutter, bulb cylindrical bar milling cutter, flat cutter or lollipop milling cutter to process according to blade and passage situation; As shown in Figure 5, the axial cross section of flat cutter cutter head is trapezoidal, and the end face of its cutter head is the plane; As shown in Figure 6, the knife bar of bulb cylindrical bar milling cutter is cylinder, and its cutter head is sphere; If interference is arranged, then can select the lollipop milling cutter.
Shown in Fig. 2 c, after blade path machines, to the blade back chipping, select preferably lollipop milling cutter of rigidity, adopt the mode of milling of inserting.Fine finishining (finish-milling) at last, surplus is-0.01mm, selects lollipop milling cutter or bulb cylindrical bar milling cutter, carries out respectively the fine finishining of blade, wheel hub and wheel cap from entrance side 3 and the outlet side 4 of blade path, this part cutting output seldom, but the cutter that needs is longer.
Shown in Fig. 2 d, after whole milled blade and passage were all finished, the finish turning that carries out the impeller outer profile at numerically controlled lathe reached designing requirement.
Adopt the three-dimensional closed impeller of processing method processing of the present invention, impeller diameter is that the number of 450mm blade 10 is 17, five equilibrium on the circumference of impeller, and any two blade pitgh deviations＜± 0.05mm; Material is the high strength martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steel, and is actual in calculating process time, comes to 3451 minutes, namely 57.5 hours, if adopt traditional welding procedure, not only difficulty is compared with processing method of the present invention in quality, and its manufacturing cycle needs 3～4 months at least.
Claims (3)
1. the processing method of a three-dimensional closed impeller, it is characterized in that: on five-shaft linkage numerical control machining center, the forging that half finish turning is the complete integral body of carrying out the enclosed passage by boring, roughing, semifinishing, back chipping and fine finishining that is installed is milled system, and integral body is milled and made blade and blade path;
Described boring be from the entrance side of blade path (11) (3) and outlet side (4) respectively to the centre-drilling hole of blade path (11) until join in the center of blade path (11), remove most of material in the blade path (11);
Feed in from the outlet side (4) of blade path (11) to passage, the length that cutter puts in blade path is approximately 1/3 of passage, carries out first roughing, and surplus is 1mm; Then to carrying out semifinishing through rough machined position, surplus is 0.2mm again; The middle part of blade path (11) is divided into second middle part (6) of the first middle part (5) and close wheel cap, the general rigidity of the first middle part (5) employing preferably bulb cone cutter, bulb cylindrical bar milling cutter or plug in milling cutter is processed, and the second middle part (6) adopt the lollipop milling cutter to process;
Roughing is carried out first in feed in from the entrance side (3) of blade path (11) to passage, and surplus is 1mm; Then to carrying out semifinishing through rough machined position, surplus is 0.2mm again; Adopt bulb cone cutter, bulb cylindrical bar milling cutter, flat cutter or lollipop milling cutter to process;
At last blade, wheel hub and wheel cap are carried out respectively described fine finishining, surplus is-0.01mm, selects lollipop milling cutter or bulb cylindrical bar milling cutter, carries out respectively fine finishining from entrance side and the outlet side of blade path.
2. press the processing method of the described three-dimensional closed impeller of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cutter head of described lollipop milling cutter (7) is for spherical, cutter head (7) is connected with knife bar (9) by the neck (8) less than its diameter, forms the gap between neck (8) and knife bar (9) and the manufactured semifinishing blade path when cutting.
3. by the processing method of the described three-dimensional closed impeller of claim 1, it is characterized in that: blade is carried out tool selection lollipop milling cutter or the bulb cylindrical bar milling cutter of back chipping, adopt the mode of milling of inserting.
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| CN 200910220625 CN102091919B (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2009-12-09 | Machining method of three-dimensional closed impeller |
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| CN 200910220625 CN102091919B (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2009-12-09 | Machining method of three-dimensional closed impeller |
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| CN102091919B true CN102091919B (en) | 2013-03-06 |
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