CN102087400B - Heliostat and interlocking heliostat array device - Google Patents

Heliostat and interlocking heliostat array device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN102087400B
CN102087400B CN2010105167417A CN201010516741A CN102087400B CN 102087400 B CN102087400 B CN 102087400B CN 2010105167417 A CN2010105167417 A CN 2010105167417A CN 201010516741 A CN201010516741 A CN 201010516741A CN 102087400 B CN102087400 B CN 102087400B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
heliostat
arm
connecting rod
lever arm
fixed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN2010105167417A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN102087400A (en
Inventor
沈宏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CN2010105167417A priority Critical patent/CN102087400B/en
Publication of CN102087400A publication Critical patent/CN102087400A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN102087400B publication Critical patent/CN102087400B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Abstract

The invention discloses a heliostat and an interlocking array device. The heliostat comprises a reflecting mirror, a mirror support and a sun tracing mechanism, wherein the reflecting mirror is placed on the mirror support flatly; the sun tracing mechanism is of a quadrilateral structure which consists of a fixed arm and a moving arm which have the same length and are adjacent to each other as well as a third edge and a fourth edge which have the same length and are adjacent to each other; a connection shaft penetrates through the intersection point of the moving arm and the fixed arm, and is fixedly connected with the mirror support through a crossbeam on the mirror support; the fixed arm extends along the connection line of the intersection point of the two arms and a receiver; the moving arm extends along the sunlight incident direction; a pair of angular line rods are connected with the intersection point of the two arms and the top point of the included angle of the third edge and the fourth edge; the angular line rod is vertical or parallel to the reflecting mirror; and the sun tracing mechanism drives the reflecting mirror to rotate respectively around the fixed arm and the connection shaft of the two arms. The sun tracing mechanism can be of an isosceles triangular structure. Accordingly, the heliostat can always satisfy the light reflection rule based on the geometric characteristics of the special quadrilateral or triangular structure, and is simple and practical.

Description

Heliostat and interlock heliostat array apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of settled date device of application of solar, specifically, relate to a kind of self-cleaning heliostat and interlock heliostat array apparatus of bidimensional interlock that is used to converge parallel rays.
Background technology
Salar light-gathering is used the technology such as the optically focused direct generation of electricity, concentration photo-thermal generating that comprise.It is through certain technological means sunlight focusing, improves optical density, directly transforms electric energy with photoelectric cell, perhaps reaches a high temperature, and absorbs the heat energy that focuses on through absorber, and luminous energy is changed into heat energy and then heat energy changed into the heliotechnics of electric energy.Concentrating to generate power is low because of its cost, efficient is high, and being has the sun power of application prospect to utilize one of mode most.
At present main solar focusing mode has: slot type, butterfly, linear Fei Nier system, tower and some other novel concentrator mode.Wherein, tower-type solar thermal power generating system is big because of its scale, and optically focused is than high, and temperature is high, and efficient is high, and absorber need not advantages such as motion, is fit to very much on a large scale, high-power applications, is the heliotechnics of tool commercial promise.The optically focused of tower generating needs the gordian technique heliostat, and the effect of heliostat is that hundreds of heliostat is worked together, just can reach the effect of extensive optically focused with the absorber of sunlight reflected to cat head.But, because receiver is motionless, the tracks sunlight motion relative complex of heliostat, because the generating field scale is big, and focal length is far away, the heliostat kinematic accuracy requires very high, so the high manufacturing cost of heliostat technological requirement is higher again.At home and abroad in the case, general heliostat cost accounts for the 40%-60% of total system, and the high commercial promise that has influenced tower generation technology makes it also be in test or demonstration phase.Therefore, adopting certain means to reduce heliostat technical difficulty and cost, is to promote the business-like important ring of tower type solar energy thermal power generation technology.
Existing heliostat technology mainly is to consider how the separate unit heliostat moves, forms by motion calculation, attitude feedback and three parts of Mechanical Driven, and be independently between each heliostat, do not share this three part.Though some heliostat technology is shared motion calculation through central computer, such as the array heliostat of eSolar company, use every heliostat of central server control, can reduce cost within the specific limits.But can't share driving, or every individual drive, every all is equipped with 2 drive motor, and drive unit accounts for prime cost, so be difficult to reduce cost significantly.Though foreign patent is mentioned through special arrangement, also the someone has found the method for shared motion, and principle is limit, and all members must preset, and can't maximize, and can only make special novel concentrator device, can not be used for large-scale heliostat field.Therefore need find a kind of more simple settled date method, this method has been arranged, can solve the sharing problem of three parts, just can reduce cost significantly.Reflectance target can be provided with arbitrarily simultaneously, and scale can be expanded arbitrarily, and array can on-the-spot Installation and Debugging.
If at the beginning of the design heliostat, consider a problem from whole heliostat field, thinking will be different.For all heliostats in the place, the position of the sun roughly is consistent with respect to them, because the distant difference of the sun can be ignored.As far as every heliostat, just the target location is different in fact, and light source position is identical.If the attitude of minute surface is moving according to position of sun and target location automatic response or association, the settled date process is simplified so, and no longer directly drives minute surface, can interlock.We only need a kind of geometric of design; Can be fed back into target azimuth amount and fixing; And can be fed back into light source azimuth amount and moving, the synthetic another one geometric sense driving of these two geometric senses minute surface is owing to the target azimuth is all different to every; So synthetic amount size orientation is all different, every mirror motion is different.Fixed behind the initializing set of target location, we need only and are concerned about position of sun so, and position of sun is consistent, and calculating and drive unit just can be shared.Abandoning to drive minute surface is master's thought, admits driven or assist that to move in the thought of position of sun be the most crucial idea of the present invention with the minute surface attitude.Many interstations interlinked mechanism does not directly drive minute surface; But drive a special entity of every; Minute surface is driven or association is moved in this mechanism; Like this can't the interlock problem with regard to not having difference that many interstations minute surface amount of exercise difference causes or competition, also distributing according to special shape without minute surface remedies each amount of exercise difference.The geometric sense of alignment light source is consistent at many interstations, can couple together to let many heliostat interlocks.Because minute surface association is moved in special entity, the attitude of minute surface is strain, is well-determined, guarantees through inherent geometry, need not the attitude feedback, and this departmental cost has not just had.Calculating and motion have been shared again, shared control of thousands of heliostats up to a hundred and driving, and cost just can reduce significantly.Extensive interlock heliostat array has been avoided a lot of problems, has accomplished every the target ad-hoc location that accurately flashes back the sunlight again, and its scale just is subject to the stressed limit of driving force, machining precision and material itself.
Though Chinese patent CN200510043299.X has mentioned the interlock of heliostat; But just add on the settled date mode basis at the elevation angle and proposed the one dimension interlock with the spin of Chen Yingtian; And rest on the way of thinking, do not provide concrete structure, very to implement very difficulty.
U.S. Pat 7677241B2 also is a kind of bidimensional interlock beam condensing unit, is used to converge source of parallel light, but exists a lot of not enough.Its principle is a row line spread mirror in the surface level; The normal of each mirror has two ends, and an end is the mirror center, if the mirror central distribution is in a straight line; A so other end is distributed in Nico Mei Desi conchoid (Conchoid of Nicomedes), and the focus of conchoid is exactly a reflectance target; Perhaps turn the mirror central distribution around on Nico Mei Desi conchoid, an other end is distributed in a straight line.Utilize the conchoid special nature, make to drive conchoid and just can satisfy that all mirrors reflects the requirement of directional light to set point on the conchoid.Like preceding analysis, directly drive minute surface, because a mirror motion is different, the inevitable requirement specific arrangement.And then rows of mirrors composition two-dimensional arrays of arranging on request, conchoid is formed conchoid curved surface, rectilinear(-al) plane.No matter be combination conchoid curved surface, or the straight line plane, all be that the rigid body face is prefabricated according to target, one is fixed, and another drives the mirror normal, and two faces all can not have deformation at the volley.Its only is fit to small-sized optically focused the decision of two factors: the one, must first goal-selling, and calculate the conchoid face according to the target location, prefabricated then conchoid face can not Field adjustment, and the more difficult more greatly making of rigid body face is so array can not be done greatly.The 2nd, drive the rigid body face and need slide up and down except universal the connection also with the mirror normal, do not have intermediate supports so drive the rigid body face, have only four jiaos support is arranged, big in the middle part of easy sagging distortion.Two its only suitable small-scales of factor decision.All parts of this mode, the rigid body face must preset, and complete machine is carried out and is dispatched from the factory, and can not on-the-spotly reconcile, and can not be used for the optically focused on a large scale of several thousand square meters up to ten thousand.Its complex structure is a kind of novel concentrator device, be fit to small-sized, but with small-scale optically focused technology such as dish formula than conclusive advantage is arranged.
Other some patents only realize the bidimensional interlock such as US4466423, US4930493, US4102326 through distinct methods, further do not realize the convenient setting of target, all belong to one type, and principle is different with this patent.All there is same problem in they: directly drive minute surface, the mechanism in no feedback target orientation can not explicit target setting, therefore can't install according to target is on-the-spot, be not suitable for large-scale application scenario.Feasible on their principles, because of there not being target setting mechanism, need preset with the relation of target or the scene sees that reflecting effect transfers the minute surface initial position with sensation in the reality.Because the solar time is engraved in movingly constantly, it is in a rush so to do, and coordinates the several times mirror and also is able to do in time, and hundreds and thousands ofly has little time fully, and exploitativeness is very poor.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention will solve is, a kind of heliostat and interlock heliostat array apparatus are provided, make heliostat both miniaturization, array, be easy to install, can arbitrarily expand, need not to increase cost again and give every installation and control and moving component.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of heliostat; Comprise catoptron, minute surface support and the settled date mechanism, said catoptron lies against on the minute surface support, said settled date, mechanism was a quadrilateral; Said quadrilateral is made up of adjacent isometric fixed arm and lever arm and adjacent isometric third and fourth limit; One coupling shaft passes the intersection point of said lever arm and fixed arm, and the crossbeam that this coupling shaft passes on the said minute surface support simultaneously is fixedly connected with said minute surface support, and wherein fixed arm extends along the intersection point of two arms and the line of receiver; Lever arm extends along the sunlight incident direction; One diagonal line bar connects the intersection point and the angle summit, said third and fourth limit of said lever arm and fixed arm, and said diagonal line bar is perpendicular or parallel all the time in mirror mirror, and mechanism can drive said catoptron and rotated around the coupling shaft of said fixed arm and two arms respectively said settled date.
The intersection point extend outwards on said fixed arm and arbitrary arm/limit becomes a circular shaft.
The coupling shaft of said fixed arm and said two arms is vertical each other.
Said tetragonal each bar arm and limit are in same plane, and adjacent two arms and/or limit can be dynamically connected through one, and one of them arm/limit is a portal structures, and this portal structures is inserted on another arm/limit.
Said diagonal line bar can be connected with said third and fourth limit at the joint that this diagonal line bar slides up and down the internal fixation sliding bearing through one; The joint two sides of wherein said internal fixation sliding bearing are portal structures; Said third and fourth arm inserts this portal structures respectively, and the two connects through axle.
Said diagonal line bar is during perpendicular to mirror mirror, said settled date mechanism be positioned at catoptron above or below.
When said diagonal line bar was parallel to mirror mirror, said settled date, mechanism was positioned at the side of catoptron.
Said heliostat also comprises a self-cleaning mechanism of minute surface, and the self-cleaning mechanism of this minute surface is connected in through a connecting rod on the lever arm or fixed arm of support, and an end of connecting rod is provided with the brush holder support that has some brush bars.Be connected through an axle between said brush holder support and the connecting rod, said connecting rod can rotate around this axle.
Be provided with a back-moving spring between said lever arm and the said connecting rod.
A kind of heliostat; Comprise catoptron, minute surface support and the settled date mechanism, said catoptron lies on the minute surface support, said settled date, mechanism was an isosceles triangle; Two waists of said isosceles triangle are fixed arm and lever arm; Coupling shaft passes the summit on said fixed arm and this isoceles triangle shape the 3rd limit perpendicular to the plane of this isoceles triangle shape, and this coupling shaft is fixedly connected with said minute surface support simultaneously; Said fixed arm extends along the summit on fixed arm and the 3rd limit and the line of receiver; Said lever arm extends along the sunlight incident direction, and said the 3rd limit is perpendicular or parallel to be fixed in said mirror mirror, and said settled date, mechanism can drive said mirror surface respectively around the coupling shaft rotation on said fixed arm and fixed arm and the 3rd limit.
The intersection point extend outwards on said fixed arm and arbitrary arm/limit becomes a circular shaft.
Said fixedly arm axle is vertical each other with said coupling shaft.
Said leg-of-mutton each bar limit is in same plane, and through a connection, one of them arm is a door shape between adjacent two arm/limits, and another arm inserts this portal structures.
Said the 3rd limit is provided with the sliding bearing bell and spigot joint that can slide up and down along this limit, and bearing holder (housing, cover) joint side is a shape, and said lever arm one end inserts in this shape, and the two connects through axle.
Said the 3rd limit is during perpendicular to said mirror mirror, said settled date mechanism be positioned at catoptron above or below.
When said the 3rd limit was parallel to said mirror mirror, said settled date, mechanism was positioned at the side of catoptron.
Said heliostat also comprises a self-cleaning mechanism of minute surface, and the self-cleaning mechanism of this minute surface is connected on the lever arm of support through a connecting rod, and an end of connecting rod is provided with the connecting link that has some brushes.Be connected through an axle between said connecting link and the connecting rod, said connecting rod can rotate around this axle.
Be provided with a back-moving spring between said lever arm and the said connecting rod.
A kind of heliostat bracing frame is used to support aforesaid heliostat, and this bracing frame comprises support column, connector, adjuster bar and a fixed bar; Said fixed bar one end is fixed in support column one end through said connector, and an other end and said adjuster bar are fixed, the axially interior cover bearing of said fixed bar one end; The axle that said heliostat settled date mechanism's fixed arm prolongs inserts this bearing; Said fixed bar two-end-point and receiver sight alignment, said adjuster bar one end is fixed through anchor ear and support column, and an other end embeds fixed bar groove internal fixation; Said support column, adjuster bar and fixed bar are formed a position angle and elevation angle adjustable triangular.
Said support column one end has the disk of one edge trough of belt.
The first end of said connection is the disk of a trough of belt, and there is shaft supporting frame the disk top.
The other end of said support column have and array between the fixing hole of structure.
A kind of half interlock heliostat array apparatus; Comprise many foregoing heliostats, be used to drive the stepper motor of each said heliostat, and a shared tracker; Said tracker is installed on the wherein a certain heliostat; The lever arm of said heliostat laterally arranges, and said tracker is sent to the stepper motor of all heliostats with tracking signal, drives each lever arm and makes the heliostat action.
A kind of full interlock heliostat array apparatus comprises many foregoing heliostats, is used to drive the drive unit of heliostat; And a shared tracker, said tracker is installed on the wherein a certain heliostat, and said heliostat forms display through the triangle distribution that structure between array fixedly is common limit; Each fixed arm aims at the mark respectively; The connecting rod face that each heliostat lever arm is made up of connecting rod, connecting rod is all identical to every of the distance of two arm junctions with the lever arm junction, and this connecting rod face links to each other with driving mechanism; Drive all lever arm alignment light source, said connecting rod can be installed on the lever arm or descend on the extended line.
The length of said connecting rod is stepless adjustable.Said connecting rod is connected in lever arm through joint coupling or joint spider connector.
Said full interlock heliostat array apparatus also comprises an anti-wrench device, is located at the triangle central authorities of heliostat array, fixes through three bars and heliostat connecting rod face.Said anti-wrench device is the telescopic rod that a upper and lower end has joint spider.
Said drive unit comprises motor, wheel box, and a lever arm, and this lever arm links to each other with the lever arm of heliostat through connecting rod.Said drive unit is many covers, is distributed in the corner of said array.
The present invention is different from the most essential place of other heliostat schemes, is that heliostat of the present invention has been abandoned every autonomous method that drives minute surface, does not also adopt the method for direct interlock minute surface; And creatively proposed two kinds the simplest; The most directly the novel geometric relationship settled date method of geometric ways has taked special quadrilateral or triangle mechanism to drive minute surface, directly obtains target and position of sun with geometric relationship; Two mechanical arms feedback target and solar azimuth have respectively been adopted; Drive minute surface through movable special quadrilateral or triangular structure, reflection law is satisfied in special quadrilateral or the decision of triangle geometry characteristic all the time, and is very succinct practical.This method of the present invention is eliminated fractional error, and mirror is moving by initiatively becoming association, naturally satisfies bidimensional interlock basis.
Then on this basis, make full use of the consistance of solar azimuth, creatively proposed concrete bidimensional interlocking method; Many heliostats are formed bidimensional interlock arrays, the minute surface in the array be association moving in this mechanism, share control and motion; Install simple and conveniently, reduce cost greatly.Provide a kind of novel middle and small scale tower optically focused scheme, eliminated the existing many drawbacks of bidimensional interlock scheme, eliminated aberration, simplified the minute surface manufacture craft.Increase automatic dust brush, cleared up minute surface in real time.Alleviate the influence of wind-force to minute surface, wind loading rating is strong, initiatively special inclement weather such as sand prevention dust storm, hail, heavy snow.
Settled date mode of the present invention is a kind of brand-new settled date scheme; Ultra-large for realizing, ultralow valency, height focus on than bidimensional focusing and have paved road, are a big innovation and breakthroughs in heliostat field, can reduce cost at double; Be applicable to the application of various optically focused scales, will become the industry new standard.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the settled date method principle schematic of quadrilateral settled date mechanism of the present invention above minute surface;
Fig. 2 is the settled date method principle schematic of quadrilateral settled date mechanism of the present invention below minute surface;
Fig. 3 be quadrilateral settled date of the present invention mechanism in the settled date of minute surface side method principle schematic;
Fig. 4 is the settled date method principle schematic of triangle settled date mechanism of the present invention above minute surface;
Fig. 5 is the settled date method principle schematic of triangle settled date mechanism of the present invention below minute surface;
Fig. 6 be triangle settled date of the present invention mechanism in the settled date of minute surface side method principle schematic;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the quadrilateral settled date of the present invention embodiment of mechanism above minute surface;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the quadrilateral settled date of the present invention embodiment of mechanism below minute surface;
Fig. 9 be quadrilateral settled date of the present invention mechanism at the structural representation of the embodiment of minute surface side;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the triangle settled date of the present invention embodiment of mechanism above minute surface;
Figure 11 is the structural representation of the triangle settled date of the present invention embodiment of mechanism below minute surface;
Figure 12 be triangle settled date of the present invention mechanism at the structural representation of the embodiment of minute surface side;
Figure 13 is a heliostat bottom type support frame structure synoptic diagram;
Figure 14 is a heliostat top type support frame structure synoptic diagram;
Figure 15 is a separate unit heliostat principle of work synoptic diagram;
Figure 16 is a heliostat minute surface dust brush configuration synoptic diagram;
Figure 17 is that 3 heliostats are formed minimum array geometry principle schematic;
Figure 18 is that a plurality of limit triarrays are altogether formed large-scale array geometrical principle synoptic diagram;
Figure 19 is variable-length bar linkage structure planing surface figure;
Figure 20 is a multi-directional ball connecting rod connector picture group;
Figure 21 is a joint spider connecting rod connector synoptic diagram;
Figure 22 is the minimum unit connecting rod schematic top plan view of 3 heliostats;
Figure 23 is an anti-connecting rod face torsional pole of triangular unit central authorities;
Figure 24 is a heliostat bottom type bracing frame array structure synoptic diagram;
Figure 25 is that 3 heliostats use the bottom support frame to form the array complete diagram;
Figure 26 is a heliostat top type bracing frame steel frame construction synoptic diagram;
Figure 27 is the driving mechanism synoptic diagram;
Figure 28 is the geometric representation of the heliostat array apparatus of 1 driving of 36 heliostats;
Figure 29 is the array geometry synoptic diagram of the heliostat array apparatus of 6 drivings of 121 heliostats;
Figure 30 is that lever arm utilizes the parallel synoptic diagram of gravity vertical initialization;
Figure 31 is the work synoptic diagram of the large-scale heliostat array apparatus of sexangle.
Embodiment
Further specify technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, with clearer understanding advantage of the present invention, but the present invention not only is confined to embodiment.
The principle on separate unit heliostat settled date
The principle analysis on separate unit heliostat settled date among the present invention can be represented with simplified schematic Fig. 1, and its primary structure is the special quadrilateral or the triangle of an ability activity.
At first, for the settled date mechanism of special quadrilateral, for satisfying reflection law and settled date needs, this special quadrilateral must satisfy following geometric relationship:
One, special quadrilateral A, B, C, D four limits are in same plane.
Two, the both sides, bottom must isometric A=B like Fig. 1, and the both sides, top must be isometric like C=D among Fig. 1, as for whether four limits all isometric can be random, so this quadrilateral is special in that perhaps four limits are isometric in twos, perhaps all isometric.L must be the connection diagonal line on the summit of isometric limit angle.A=B is arranged, and C=D then is easy to proof on the mathematics, and AL line angle a and BL line angle b equate a=b, in like manner c=d.
Three, A, B, C, intersection, D four limit connect with vertical paper axle, and four limits all can relative motion in ABCD belongs to the plane, so a, b, c, four angle sizes of d can change.In any case but become, triangle is formed on the ACL limit and triangle is formed on the BDL limit, is the phase equilateral triangle.
Four, the diagonal L of special quadrilateral ABCD is vertical with minute surface M and fixing, is the normal of M.M only needs to fix with L, and is not necessarily strict on AB intersection point O.L motion like this, M is motion and then, and the motion of L is determined by special quadrilateral ABCD.
What show among Fig. 1 is situation about putting in place on the settled date; Under quiescent conditions; To aim at the sun parallel with sunlight when limit A and extended line thereof, and the extended line of B aims at the mark, and then by the direct reflection law: incident light and minute surface normal angle equal reflection ray and minute surface normal angle; The angle a=b of special quadrilateral satisfies reflection law, and we can know that sunlight must be through direct reflection to target.
Above static characteristics have been arranged, and its settled date motion has just been described than being easier to.When sunlight circular motion in the vault of heaven, because target is motionless, the B direction is inevitable fixed, and we only need with B is axle, makes whole special quadrilateral ABCD rotate around the B axle.As long as special quadrilateral ABCD rotates to the line of sun center and AB intersection point O, the plane at special quadrilateral ABCD place, then rotation puts in place.
Keep plane, ABCD place motionless, drive A limit (perhaps being lever arm), the axle rotation around through O and vertical ABCD face makes the A limit in the ABCD plane, move, and the line of ordering with O up to sun center overlaps with the A limit.Because B limit (perhaps being fixed arm) direction is can only rotating around self of fixing, it keeps motionless when moving on the A limit, and then system satisfies the static characteristics that the settled date among Fig. 1 puts in place again.Deng solar motion, process got final product above the settled date motion only needed repetition.Total system is represented the sunlight direction respectively with the direction of the vector of A, B, and target direction, drives L and M through movable special quadrilateral structure ABCD, accomplishes the settled date motion.It is to rotate around the B axle that system mainly moves; With around axle rotation through the vertical paper of O point; The O point that these two rotating shafts are intersected is the bidimensional rotation center of system; Target setting rear space stationkeeping was motionless when installed at heliostat at this center, and the special quadrilateral structure rotation center that instructions refers at the back just is meant this center.
The mechanics feature of system is, the A limit receives the driving of external force, and the B limit receives bed knife, and the B direction can not change but can rotate around self.A, B drive C, D limit, and 4 limits drive L more then, and last L drives M.Duplicate as driving on the drive AB principle with C, D, repeat no more.
More than analyzing is to regard the sun as a point analysis, and the actual sun is a card, and sunlight has a very little visual angle, is not strict directional light, and we can regard sunlight as approximate directional light, but this does not hinder our problem analysis.
Above analysis can find out, the folding of special quadrilateral structure ABCD be main motion around B limit rotation, L and M can also be like held except the position of last surface analysis: a kind of is that the special quadrilateral structure is not above minute surface; And below minute surface, a ' is the extended line diagonal angle a=a ' of a among Fig. 2, and b ' is the extended line diagonal angle b=b ' of b; Because of a=b then a '=b ' satisfy reflection law equally; Because the symmetry of structure, the settled date kinematic similitude with the front is described repeats no more.Also having a kind of is that diagonal L is no longer vertical with minute surface M, but parallel with M; As shown in Figure 3, this moment, b ' was the extended line diagonal angle of b, and b '=b is arranged; Because a=b then a=b ' satisfies reflection law equally, the settled date kinematic similitude with the first kind of situation in front described repeats no more.Add first kind, these three kinds of situation, difference is that the diagonal line of special quadrilateral ABCD is vertical with minute surface, parallel, wherein vertically is divided into the special quadrilateral structure again above minute surface, below, three kinds of situation altogether.These three kinds of its principles of situation are the same in essence, all belong to category of the present invention.
Like Fig. 4, if the triangle settled date mechanism, its require and the special quadrilateral structure slightly different, must satisfy following geometric relationship:
One, triangle A, the B edge lengths equates that this requires different with special quadrilateral;
Two, L is the normal of mirror, and its part is the limit of triangle ABL;
Three, M is a mirror, and M and L are fixed together, and in vertical state, the motion of M is determined by triangle ABL;
Four, A, B, it is movable connecting between the L, and the junction connects vertically to cause the paper axle, and triangle can change shape, but leg-of-mutton A, the B limit is isometric all the time, and triangle is isosceles triangle all the time.One on A limit can slide up and down on L.
Condition above satisfying can know that so angle b=d sets up all the time in the isosceles triangle, and limit B is definite object all the time, and obvious a=d when limit A is parallel with incident light then releases a=b and satisfies the light reflection law, accomplishes the settled date process.Identical with the special quadrilateral structure, work as solar motion, but the target relative position do not become, so the B direction is constant, triangle only needs around the rotation of B axle, makes the line of sun center and O in the face that triangle belongs to, and stops then rotating around B, and is fixed.Let the A limit rotate in triangle projective planum around the tie point of A and B again, parallel the getting final product of line until ordering with sun center and O comes back to the settled date completion status.Whenever sun angle changes, repeat once this process at a distance from certain hour and accomplish the settled date motion.
Obviously, triangle is around the rotation of B axle, and the A limit is around A then, and the axle of the vertical paper of the connection of B rotates.The moving trihedral rotation center is exactly the tie point of A and B, does diaxon rotation, relates to the triangle settled date behind the instructions to claim the triangle rotation center structure time, and this point is installed and configured target rear space position is motionless.
Mechanics of system is analyzed, and the B edge direction fixedly receives bed knife, can rotate around self, and A limit or its be up and down on the extended line, and receive drive force and move, at A, under the power effect of B limit, the L motion, L and M fix, and then minute surface M follows and moves.
The same with special quadrilateral, triangle can be put above the mirror, following and side, like Fig. 5, and the 6th, triangle is placed on the situation of the mirror back side and side.Can prove to need only A, the B limit is isometric, and angle b=d then has b '=d ', satisfies reflection law.
Mechanical interlock scheme of the present invention can be accomplished directly the side vector input system, accomplishes the settled date process with geometric ways, lets mirror be driven in movable special quadrilateral or triangle geometry, is guaranteed the geometric relationship of reflection by this structure.Settled date method of the present invention only is applicable to above-described special quadrilateral, triangle settled date mechanism, does not have this special quadrilateral, and triangular structure can't make the settled date in this way.It is different from the spin-elevation tracking mode that people such as old Ying Tian among the Chinese patent CN200610200777.8 adopts.Their mode is the rotation that is parallel to surface level, and turning axle misalignment target adds the motion that the minute surface elevation angle changes, and the elevation angle is the annual variation angle.One of them turning axle of the present invention is the line of rotation center and target, and necessary head for target has certain angle with ground.With target location difference, every heliostat turning axle is variant towards each in the array.So do and both guaranteed simulated solar circular motion on high; Dexterously the target azimuth is fed back into geometry again; Mode of motion with optimum, brief introduction is accomplished the settled date; Need not any calculating, as long as lever arm is aimed at sunlight, sunlight is natural in fixed arm directive target through direct reflection.
Quadrilateral settled date mechanism's practical implementation structure
Scheme 1
In reality, the function for realizing that the special quadrilateral geometry is described has designed a special quadrilateral mechanical hook-up.Principles illustrated according to the front can know that according to the relation of special quadrilateral structure diagonal line and minute surface, it is vertical with minute surface to be divided into diagonal line, parallel two kinds of situation, wherein vertically be divided into again special quadrilateral above the minute surface, below two kinds of situation, three kinds of situation altogether.Vertical and the physical construction synoptic diagram of special quadrilateral above minute surface, as shown in Figure 7.Special quadrilateral ABCD four limits in the top principles illustrated are made the arm of regular length; Represent A in the special quadrilateral schematic diagram like lever arm among Fig. 71 (also can claim motion bar); Fixed arm 2 is represented B, and arm 3 is represented C, and arm 4 is represented D; Each arm connects for ease can be designed to multiple pattern, but its characteristic must satisfy the several characteristics of describing in the principle.It is indeformable that four arms have certain intensity can carry whole weight, and the junction connects with axle, and axle is perpendicular to the special quadrilateral plane.Because each arm has certain diameter, for guaranteeing four arm center lines in a plane, its junction can adopt a certain arm to be the door type, and an other arm inserts door type structure.The both sides perforate of door type arm, perforate is inserted in the door type arm in the middle of another arm, and axle is inserted in three hole alignment.In Fig. 7, arm 1 junction is the door type, and arm 3 inserts wherein, and axle 5 is axles of lever arm 1 and arm 3, and two arms can be around axle 5 motions, and all the other arm junction principles are identical, and design can guarantee in the same plane of four arm center lines like this.
For guaranteeing diagonal line bar 9 in the special quadrilateral plane, the both sides door type structure of internal fixation sliding bearing 13 has been adopted in diagonal line bar 9 tops and special quadrilateral junction, and sliding bearing can slide up and down along diagonal line bar 9.Sliding bearing can be used ball-type sliding bearing, self-lubricating type bearing, supra polymer lubricant bearing etc.; Be close to as long as guarantee bearing and diagonal line bar 9, can only be along the bar axially-movable, can not radial motion; Radially do not rock if be not close to generation, can influence the settled date precision.The bottom of diagonal line bar 9, with crossbeam 10 vertical fixing, 9 motions of diagonal line bar can drive crossbeam 10 and move together.
Lever arm 1 all has prolongation with fixed arm 2.Prolongation bar 6 and the bar 7 and its one of lever arm 1, the cross section of bar 6 and bar 7 can be that circle can be other shapes also, as long as guarantee on extended line, the purpose of prolongation is to be connected to form interlock for many.Extension split axle 8 and its of fixed arm 2 are one, and axle 8 effects are fixing whole special quadrilaterals.Axle 8 will insert on the adjustable column of direction, fixing after, can only rotate around axle 8, the orientation and the elevation angle can not change.Lever arm 1 is door type structures with fixed arm 2 bottoms, and the junction is passed with coupling shaft 11.Coupling shaft 11 passes lever arm 1, place, fixed arm 2 holes, and ball bearing, sliding bearing can be installed, and perhaps covers the supra polymer lubricant, and lever arm 1 is very smooth and easy around axle rotation meeting separately with fixed arm 2 like this.Coupling shaft 11 also passes crossbeam 16 and 17 simultaneously, and fixes with it.Crossbeam 16,17 and be fixed on the plate 12 through methods such as bolt, welding with crossbeam 10.Plate 12 passes through bolt or rivet and minute surface support 15 to be fixed, and the plane of minute surface support 15 is used for mounted mirror, and minute surface up in this scheme.Minute surface support 15 can also can be made point-contact type like face contact-type among the figure, and just the minute surface support column is installed at four screw places around support, and the screw thread of fine setting minute surface height can be arranged in the support column.The support scheme has a variety of, because every settled date minute surface of the present invention is little, in light weight, very for a short time need not of surface deformation adopted complicated support, repeats no more.
The center of heliostat is exactly fixedly arm axle 8 and coupling shaft 11 joinings, is system's bidimensional rotation center, in case the target of configuring, this center is no longer moving.When driving force through extended line bar 6 drive fixing arms 1 around 8 rotations of fixing arm axle, make that this rotation put in place when the sunlight and the heliostat line of centres were fallen in the plane of arm 1,2,3,4 compositions.Fixing this plane is motionless, and driving stem 6 is around coupling shaft 11 rotations again, makes bar 6 and sunlight and heliostat line of centres conllinear, then settled date completion, and sunlight correctly reflexes to target through mirror.
Whole device can use steel, iron, aluminium alloy, aldary, engineering plastics etc. relatively sturdy material make, it is indeformable to guarantee to bear certain power, is placed on for a long time outdoorly can not be corroded.
Scheme 2
The front principle can know in explaining that the special quadrilateral structure can be placed on minute surface top, below or side.Fig. 8 is the scheme that the special quadrilateral structure is positioned over the minute surface below, and the scheme 1 of structure and above-described Fig. 7 is basic identical, and just minute surface is in the opposite direction, and the benefit of doing like this is that reflecting surface can not blocked too much by the special quadrilateral structure, reduces the reflective surface area loss.In addition since the special quadrilateral structure in the bottom, the prolongation axle 8 of its fixed arm 2 also can only be installed in the bottom, fixedly the effect of arm axle 8 is to fix whole device, and can rotate around self.Because the special quadrilateral structure has certain size, fixedly just fixedly arm axle 8 is distant with the intersection point of coupling shaft 11 from system's rotation center for arm axle 8, and center of gravity is forward.
Scheme 2 is identical with the principle of scheme 1, repeats no more.
Scheme 3
The special quadrilateral structure can also be placed on the side, and just the special quadrilateral diagonal line is parallel with minute surface, rather than vertical in the picture scheme 1,2.What Fig. 9 showed is its structure, and special quadrilateral diagonal line bar 9 is parallel with certain both sides of minute surface support 15, blocks diagonal line bar 9 in order not make bracket lip, and the support outer side edges has selected half-twist in parallel.The modes of emplacement of the crossbeam 10 of diagonal line bar 9 is also different with front two cases, leans on special quadrilateral on one side but be placed on base plate, and fixing with diagonal line bar 9.Identical in all the other structures and the scheme 1, the settled date principle is also identical, repeats no more.
Above-mentioned three schemes all need higher processing precision, be in the time of the die sinking tool accuracy requirement high, rotatable connection is in axle and closely cooperates and do not have the space, so the reflection precision of heliostat can guarantee.
Triangle settled date mechanism's practical implementation structure
The enforcement structure of triangle geometry settled date scheme and special quadrilateral very similar; Difference is that the triangle requirement is an isosceles triangle; Lever arm and fixed arm are isometric; And two triangles that special quadrilateral is divided into by diagonal line need not isosceles, and only require that fixed arm and lever arm that special quadrilateral is adjacent are isometric, and the two opposite edges is also isometric to get final product.
Figure 10,11,12nd, the triangle settled date mechanism the enforcement structure, wherein 10 is lever arms, the 12nd, the lever arm extended line, with lever arm 10 be to be rigidly connected.The 20th, fixed arm, the 21st, fixed arm prolongs axle, and this inserts in the axle sleeve of base, and the assurance system can be with this axle rotation.Lever arm 10 is isometric with 20 liang of arms of fixed arm.The 3rd limit of isosceles triangle is a normal arm 30; The same with the special quadrilateral structure, be fixed together through base cross members and base plate, sliding shaft sleeve 40 is arranged at normal arm 30 tops; Axle sleeve 40 can slide up and down along triangle, and axle sleeve 40 leans on the axle of vertical paper connecting lever arm 10 simultaneously.Fixed arm 20 can be around coupling shaft 11 rotations with prolongation axle 21.Coupling shaft 11 is fixing with minute surface support 15 through stationary installation, and normal arm 30 is same to be fixed with stationary installation and mirror shelf, and assurance is vertical mirror shelf all the time.
In motion time on settled date, be provided with fixed arm 20 earlier, through adjusting the base tunable arrangement that fixing arm axle 21 is inserted, makes fixed arm 20 aim at the mark.The sun moves in the vault of heaven, drives lever arm 10 earlier through its extended line 12, rotates around fixed arm; Make the line of sun center and system's rotation center 70; Fall into the plane at triangle place, this moment, fixed triangle shape was no longer rotated around fixed arm, drove lever arm around the axle rotation that is positioned at center 70 and vertical paper; Make the line and lever arm one straight line of sun center and rotation center 70, the settled date accomplishes.
The heliostat bracing frame
Heliostat bracing frame of the present invention be used to support aforementioned have special quadrilateral or the triangle settled date mechanism heliostat.
The requirement of bracing frame is: the one, and whole geometry of robust support and minute surface weight can only be rotated it around the axle of extended line bottom the fixed arm.The 2nd, the geometry fixed arm is horizontally rotated with the elevation angle change adjustment, purpose is to let the geometry fixed arm aim at the mark, it is fixing locked to aim at the back.The mode of aiming at has various, can visual sight, can be on fixed arm equipment such as fixed laser appearance, observe facula position.
Bracing frame is as long as satisfy top requirement, and its structure is not limit, and considers that large-scale application needs low cost, just provides a kind of firm cheap implementation among the present invention, but is not limited thereto mode.The lower support structure that provides among the present invention, but also three kinds of schemes of support triangle shape of three kinds of schemes of special quadrilateral that both can support how much settled date structures are relatively independent each other.
Different according to the bracing frame modes of emplacement, can be divided into bottom type and top type, bottom type bracing frame base and bottom array structure are fixed, and are installed on ground, and special quadrilateral or triangle movable device are inserted in top.Top type and bottom type are just in time opposite, and the top is hung on the steelframe of top, and special quadrilateral or triangle movable device are inserted in the bottom, and the top type is applicable to that heliostat is inconvenient to be installed on the situation on ground.No matter the bottom type still is the top type, and its structure is all similar, and just mounting means is different.
Scheme 1, bottom type bracing frame scheme
Shown in figure 13, whole bracing frame mainly divides three parts, the support column 31 that 1-1,1-2 form, the adjuster bar that 2-1,2-2,2-3 form, the fixed bar that 3-1,3-2,3-3 form.These three parts are respectively one, and three parts are movable each other, form a variable triangle.Can fix after variable triangle regulates, using triangle is that the adjustable supports structure of every triangular structure principle all belongs in the scope of the invention because triangle is very firm.
Support column supports total system, and with basic vertical get final product in ground, a plurality of hole 1-3 are arranged at its bottom, can be when composition displays and the array base structure fix.Disk 1-2 is arranged at support column top, and the disk external diameter is bigger than support column diameter, and extension is used for fixing the door shaped stent that 4-1,4-2 form by scallop hole.
It is an integral body that fixed bar is made up of square tube 3-1, axle sleeve 3-2 and the axle 3-3 of groove bottom and both sides, is the part that after adjusting aims at the mark, is fixed.Special quadrilateral or triangle mechanism scheme 1,2,3 that the front is described, in the axle of fixed arm 2 bottoms just insert among the axle sleeve 3-2 of fixed bar.In the axle sleeve 3-2 ball bearing is arranged, also available sliding bearing, the lubricating sleeve that supra polymer lubricant etc. is done.For example the axle of the fixed arm 2 of axle sleeve 3-2 and Fig. 78 is close to, and can let its rotation, but can not rock.Axle 3-3 frame is passed through on two support chip 4-1 in fixed bar top.Fixed bar can be around axle 3-3 rotation adjusting inclination angle, and axle 3-3 extension has screw thread, fixes through nut and 4-1.
Adjuster bar is by anchor ear 2-1, and bar 2-2 and bar 2-3 form, and are an integral body.Wherein 2-2 becomes vertical relation with 2-3, and the two intersects in the middle of the 2-3.Bar 2-2 inserts square tube 3-1 base channel, and bar 2-3 embeds the groove and the both sides of square tube 3-1 both sides and stretches out two side channels, and extension has screw thread, and available nut 7 is fixed with 3-1.Anchor ear 2-1 and other half anchor ear are fixed on the support bar 1-1 with bolt 5.Unclamp anchor ear, adjuster bar can move up and down and left rotation and right rotation, and 2-3 slides in the groove of 3-1 when moving up and down, about can rotate around support bar 1-1.
Door type bracing frame is made up of two support chip 4-1, bottom disc 4-2, and the two is an integral body.4-1 is used for the support fixation bar, and there is the fan shape hole at disk 4-2 edge, and is identical with the 1-2 bore dia, and 4-2 and 1-2 are close to during installation.
During the system adjusting angle, unclamp nut or bolt 1-5,1-6,1-7.Let fixed bar and adjuster bar rotate to azimuth of target earlier around support bar 1-1.Move up and down adjuster bar 2-2 then, be adjusted to target elevation, adjust to the right place this moment, and fixed bar Upper shaft sleeve 3-2 aims at the mark.Then with bolt 1-5,1-6,1-7 tightens, support system is regulated and is put in place, about fixed by disk 4-2, fixed by bar 3-2 up and down, fixed bar firmly is fixed on the support bar.
In order to make fixed bar elevation angle scope of activities big, last lower disc 4-2, the 1-2 back of the body cuts a part towards the target place, prevents to run into 3-2 at the volley.After the support system center of gravity is inclined to one side, and its anterior special quadrilateral or triangle mechanism center of gravity of inserting is forward, plays certain negative function, makes system more stable.If also need the counterweigh system, the hole 3-4 at square bar rear portion is used for fixing weight, counterweight effect before and after playing.
The essence of this scheme is triangular structure, one of them limit fixed bottom boundary, and both sides are adjustable in addition, and are every similar with the principle of the invention or structure, all belong to category of the present invention.Material can be used making such as steel, iron, aluminium alloy, aldary, engineering plastics, as long as can guarantee firm degree and be difficult for being corroded.
Special quadrilateral mechanism and bottom support system cooperate, and be shown in figure 15.Among Figure 15, O is a separate unit heliostat of the present invention system, in order to see clearly minute surface is installed not.T is the target receiver, and S is the sun.Through native system, expressed the sun, target, heliostat three's geometric relationship clearly, simply.When installing, if distance objective is distant, laser pen capable of using is bundled on the fixed arm, observes laser spot in the target location, comes the positioning and fixing arm.Triangle mechanism cooperates similar repeating no more with the bottom support system.
Scheme 2 top type bracing frames
Top type support frame structure and bottom type are similar, and equally by support column, adjuster bar and fixed bar are formed the triangle that both sides are adjustable.Shown in figure 14; Its structure and Figure 13 are similar, and just the top type is to be hung on the steelframe, so the beam barrel of slotting movable special quadrilateral among Figure 14 or leg-of-mutton axle is different with Figure 13; Unlike Figure 13 is at square tube one end near pillar, but at the other end of square tube.The fixed orifice of pillar is also different, but above pillar.Other structures and Figure 13 are similar, repeat no more.
The separate unit heliostat, special quadrilateral, triangle mechanism and top-support cooperate with Figure 15 similar, and only one in the bottom, and one at the top, and its settled date principle all is the same, repeats no more at this.
No matter require emphasis, be bottom type bracing frame, or top type bracing frame, can assign three kinds of schemes of movable special quadrilateral or triangle mechanism any one, these two parts are relatively independent.
The minute surface self-cleaning structure
Heliostat places outdoor for a long time, and the dust that falls easily, minute surface grey reflection potential and descended, and accumulation is serious all the more in time, the worst 30-40% that surpasses.The cleaning amount is big, and the consumption of water resource needs self-cleaning mechanism for this reason.The present invention makes full use of the moving advantage of geometry association, utilizes special quadrilateral or triangle lever arm and the fixed arm variable angle with respect to minute surface, drives a connecting rod, with the long strip type dust brush brush minute surface that is similar to windshield wiper.
Shown in Figure 16 is on the special quadrilateral interlinked mechanism, and self-cleaning mechanism has been installed.Self-cleaning mechanism comprise with lever arm 1 through the bar 102 that is connected of axle, its effect be when lever arm 1 when move with the fixed arm coupling shaft, acquisition push-pull effort driving dust is brushed.Dust is brushed with three parts to be formed, and the 131st, the brush holder supports of many parallel brush bars, the 132nd, its contact lense face portion of brush can be by all kinds of rubber, the plastics of certain friction force are arranged, and perhaps metal is made, and is close to minute surface and shovels back and forth and scrape off except that dust.Because bar 102 range of movement are limited, brush is some side by side, can look after most minute surfaces like this, does not stay the dead angle.Bar 102 and brush connect through the axle in the middle of the brush 133, and bar 102 can move around axle.In order to let brush have certain power to be close to minute surface, between lever arm and bar 102, back-moving spring 104 is arranged.
An other side be installed on the fixed arm brush in like manner; Repeat no more, the minute surface on both sides promptly obtains cleaning in the settled date process like this, also can do the one whole motion regularly; Let special quadrilateral fully open and close, brush is complete to keep clean for one time at the minute surface brush.Because the brush sectional area is very little, so can not block how much sunlight, need not to pack up.
Self-cleaning mechanism of triangle mechanism and special quadrilateral are similar, repeat no more, and belong to category of the present invention equally.
Or the brush of the self-cleaning minute surface of the present invention leans on the special quadrilateral triangle mechanism to drive, and need not extra driving mechanism and timing control system, and with low cost, effect is remarkable, is that existing heliostat scheme is incomparable.
The principle of work of interlock heliostat array apparatus of the present invention
The present invention can have two at the interior of two dimension interlocks on the basis:
1. in same heliostat field, because the sun is very remote apart from us, the sun and every heliostat line of centres almost are parallel lines, are consistent for every heliostat radiation direction in the place in other words, and difference is little of ignoring.The lever arm of the foregoing special quadrilateral of the present invention, triangle has been represented radiation direction; Since closing on Duo Tai, to receive light direction be consistent, parallel; Just can couple together and be synchronized with the movement with a mechanism; Only need to guarantee all lever arms howsoever interlock remain parallel get final product, such one is pointed to light source and else points to light source naturally, and this is attainable fully on geometry.
2. settled date motion of the present invention is the lever arm that drives special quadrilateral, cam mechanism, and lever arm can be made circular motion, driving mechanism around fixing rotation center diaxon.Make the lever arm motion; Its upper end radially needs the application of force perpendicular to lever arm; But because arm itself is fixed by two axles, can only move, because of device is fixed by base around axle; Radial and axial composition apply axial force mechanisms and can not move, so can be thrust or the pulling force that is parallel to ground with joint efforts all the time.Because lever arm can rotate around diaxon, power can realize the bidimensional interlock towards any direction of two dimensions of surface level.
Heliostat of the present invention respectively has characteristics if many interlocks mainly contain two kinds of schemes:
One, share tracking signal, but drive is incomplete interlock
Heliostat is not connected every individual drive with interlinked mechanism.Because every heliostat, it all is the sun that lever arm points to, and is consistent, so as long as the initialization lever arm is parallel, begin to follow the tracks of with shared tracker then.Tracker is installed on the wherein a certain platform, and tracking signal produces motor drive signal, delivers to the stepper motor of all heliostats, motor-driven lever arm, unified motion.Because lever arm initially is parallel, the back is shared the motor movement signal again, and the motor anglec of rotation is consistent all the time, is consistent all the time so can guarantee the lever arm direction, can both correctly accomplish the settled date motion for every.Do like this, every cover heliostat has saved tracking means, shares a cover tracking means, has utilized first point in the interlock basis of top elaboration, but has not used second point.
Settled date begins or finishes, and can do once time synchronization again, makes lever arm parallel once more, avoids cumulative errors.
Two, share tracking signal, interlock is shared motion, is complete interlock
The serial verb construction major function is to let the heliostat of many playscript with stage directions inventions share all motions, forms the array of a united and coordinating motion.In an array, only need to drive whole array like this, can reduce cost significantly, make the present invention have more commercial promise once cover tracker circuit and several cover driving mechanism.
Analyze from mathematics,, consider any triarray distribution unit that three heliostats the simplest are formed like Figure 17.Heliostat adopts triangle to distribute, and the bidimensional bar linkage structure of three heliostat lever arm upper end compositions also is a triangle so, and leg-of-mutton syndeton is firm, indeformable.Other surpass the distribution more than three, can resolve into the triangular structure on common limit, and its principle is suitable for the explanation of diabolo distributed architecture, need not explain one by one.1 expression lever arm and extended line among the figure, the 200th, the fixing virtual triangle face formed of rotation center, virtual 200 after heliostat is installed and is set target with regard to fixed no longer variation, the 300th, the connecting rod face is made up of connecting rod.The connecting rod face is that drive surface has driving mechanism, is to drive all lever arms by it.Along with the variation of light source position, the connecting rod face is done corresponding moving, and drives all lever arm alignment light source.Connecting rod can be installed on the lever arm or descend on the extended line, if below rotation center, so connecting rod face 300 also can be below virtual 200.If three lever arms 1 of original state are parallel, because the side is quadrilateral, two arm 1 equal in length and parallel, then this quadrilateral is a parallelogram, then has AB=A ' B ' and the two parallel, BC=B ' C ' in like manner, CA=C ' A ' and parallel.Three limits of triangle ABC and triangle A ' B ' C ' equate it is congruent triangles so, and because three limits are parallel, can know the plane parallel at triangle ABC and triangle A ' B ' C ' place.
Easy proof, connecting rod face 300 are in motion process, as long as keep AB parallel all the time with A ' B ', three lever arms 1 (just AA ', BB ', CC ') remain parallelly so, have reached the purpose of interlock, keep all lever arms to point to unanimities.Keep AB parallel all the time with A ' B ', need any some rotation of can not having mercy in triangle 3 motions, if triangle 3 rotates around any point, triangle 2 and 3 twists relatively, and then three arms 1 are no longer parallel, need to adopt special device or type of drive to avoid.
In order to form bigger array, take the array distribution of a plurality of triangle edges altogether shown in figure 18.The lever arm of special quadrilateral or triangular structure and extended line 1, length must be the same.The 200th, special quadrilateral or triangular structure be the three-dimensional face of rotation center composition fixedly, and virtual shape determined by three factors: level is determined by the array distribution shape.Height is determined by two factors: the one, and heliostat is not quite similar because of the uneven initial height in ground in the array; The 2nd, every fixed arm needs definite object, and they are all different towards, the elevation angle, and it is different that rotation center is provided with height, and the two has determined rotation center that certain randomness is just arranged.Virtual 200 shape of general three has certain randomness.In case installation fixes, virtual 200 just no longer changes.Top-surface camber 300 is made up of connecting rod, and this face is difficult to prefabricated, must wait each heliostat to be in place, and fixed arm makes up after aiming at the mark and confirming for virtual 200 again.All heliostat lever arm length are consistent, and are initial parallel towards unanimity.The big array of Figure 17 resolves into a plurality of little triangular elements; Can know by single triangular element analysis; Triangle is in full accord and parallel up and down in each unit, and therefore a plurality of junior units are total to the large curved surface that the limit is formed, and just virtual 200 among Figure 17 is also inevitable in full accord with connecting rod face 300.Confirm earlier for virtual 200, again all lever arms are arranged to towards unanimity, construct the connecting rod face at last again.Therefore the length of connecting rod of connecting rod face must be adjustable, must on-the-spotly install.To miniature array, can in product, target fix, connecting rod can preset so, and it is finished product that all devices dispatch from the factory, plug and play.Connecting rod and the connector that needs particular design being connected of lever arm.Be easy to proof from mathematics, connecting rod face itself can be thought a rigid body, but might rotate with respect to virtual 200.In case it is no longer parallel to rotate all lever arms, need avoid, so need special device preventing face to reverse.If anti-twisting equipment is not installed, can take multiple spot application of force type of drive, multiple spot application of force back link face is by the multiple spot tractive, and motion is not defined and can twists.
The connecting rod face is a rigid body in case connection is fixing, and the connecting rod face can only can not rotate in translation.The translation motion of connecting rod face is not rotated, and lever arm 1 is parallel all the time, so as long as one of them points to the sun, other also and then points to the sun.In case the sensing sun, special quadrilateral mechanism or the built-in geometric relationship of triangle that the fixed arm lever arm is formed satisfy reflection law, and the settled date process has just been accomplished automatically, and all heliostats have reached has shared control and momental purpose.
In order to increase soundness, can selectivity at lever arm extended line installing connecting rods all up and down, constitute push and pull system as going up connecting rod face 300 among Figure 17 with lower link face 400, drive two faces simultaneously, like this can be more stable.
Distribute though individual unit is a triangle, array integral body can be triangle, and is square, special quadrilateral, and sexangle etc., these can resolve into triangle, all belong to category of the present invention, repeat no more.
Many interlocks need special connecting rod, connecting rod and lever arm connector, interlock drive unit, partly provide concrete case according to principle among the present invention, but are not limited thereto scheme, and the device of every similar principles analysis part all belongs to category of the present invention.Many interlock benefits are can share a cover to follow the tracks of and motor device, more make full use of the advantage on machinery settled date, further reduce cost.
The array interlock is used connecting rod
Mathematical principle analysis by Figure 18 can know that the connecting rod face is the individual curved surface of being made up of a plurality of triangles, and the length on every limit is slightly variant.Ground itself is uneven, adds and target location difference that the connecting rod curved surface can't be prefabricated, and adjustment must on-the-spotly be installed.This just needs the length can stepless adjustable connecting rod, and adjusting its length of back can not arbitrarily change, even if apply very big power.The heliostat accuracy requirement is than higher, though allow certain error, this error range is very little.
Adjustable length connecting rod of the present invention is shown in figure 19, and its principle is utilized a sleeve pipe, and casing inner diameter is bigger than connecting rod, and the sleeve pipe two ends are that two connecting rods are attached thereto.Sleeve pipe one end and connecting rod junction have screw thread rotatable flexible, and an other end is rotatable but can not stretch, and makes that the length of bar can be stepless adjustable.Scheme of the present invention is a kind of implementation method, in the identical all genus scope of the invention of principle.
Sleeve pipe 51 internal diameters are thicker than connecting rod, no screw thread.There is screw thread rifled tube 52 inside.Pull bar 53 heads have the external thread of certain-length, and 52 are welded on the head of sleeve pipe 51 1 ends, and pull bar 53 head threads can screw in or screw out, and the length of whole like this bar can change.The 54th, short sleeve is welded on sleeve pipe 51 other ends, and connecting rod 55 is filled in sleeve 54, then in its two ends welding ring 56,57, such 55,56,57 one-tenth as a whole, sleeve 54 can rotate but can't seesaw, front and back are encircled 56,57 and are blocked.At last sleeve 54 is welded on the sleeve pipe 51.
Such design has guaranteed that length is stepless adjustable in a segment limit, and connection is very firm, can length variations not take place because of receiving bump or very big pulling force.The material of connecting rod can be used making such as the steel, iron, engineering plastics, aluminium alloy of comparatively robust, sees the array scale and decides.In all genus scope of the invention identical with this connecting rod principle.
The connecting rod connector
Connector is used for connecting lever arm and numerous connecting rod.Require: one, can let the connecting rod face remain unchanged at the volley, two, be connected with lever arm but can let lever arm in the junction flexible motion, three, the connection center can not change up and down in the rotation, perhaps change very I to ignore.Mathematical analysis by Figure 18 can know, the face that connecting rod is formed is the approximate curved surface of being made up of a plurality of triangles, and the connecting rod that connects same lever arm maybe be in a plane, and each connecting rod angle is not necessarily equal, has little difference.For simply, head it off effectively, the present invention's innovation has provided two kinds of scheme connectors, and characteristics are respectively arranged.
Scheme 1: joint coupling
Shown in figure 20, disk 61 with holes is basic sides that each connecting rod head connects, and needs sturdy material to make, and six direction is arranged.A lot of fan-shaped fixed orifices that distribute on the disk 61, make set bolt can about fine setting, let between the connecting rod angle fine-tuning.The connecting rod extended line necessarily passes through the center of circle of disk 61.Flake 62 is the hemispheres that the centre is with holes, and the hole two side portions is pruned, and claims flake.This hole and fixing is inserted in special quadrilateral or triangle lever arm upper end, and every fixed position must be identical, and all heliostats guarantee that the lever arm live part is isometric.Spheroid is close to ball covers in the middle of the disk 61, encased by ball cover, but any direction freely rotate, but can't deviate from, lever arm can become arbitrarily angled with the connecting rod face like this.For adjusting angle is bigger, the hole of flake 62 is as far as possible little.Set bolt 63 is through the fixed by nut connecting rod head 65 of reverse side.Bolt 64 passes the threaded aperture at disk 61 edges and can adjust up and down, is used to adjust the inclination angle of connecting rod head 65 and disk 61.Connecting rod head 65 is welded on connecting rod end.
Adjustment bolt 64 makes that connecting rod head 65 and disc angle are suitable, and then screw bolt 63 stationary links 65, hold-down bolt 64 simultaneously.Connector can be used firm material, such as steel, iron, engineering plastics, aluminium alloy etc.Flake 62 can be used making such as stainless steel, supra polymer lubricant with the axle sleeve that entangles it.
Scheme 2: joint spider connector
Shown in figure 21, employing be joint spider, the characteristics of joint spider are to no longer include additional movements in addition around two vertical axle rotations, have lacked a spin motion than multi-directional ball.Joint spider 71 has two vertical each other and axles in same plane, and one of them axle is fixed on the disk through one on axle sleeve, and another one is fixed on the type spare 73.Door type device 73 bottoms and special quadrilateral or triangle mechanism lever arm are fixed, and every fixed position must be identical.Connecting rod head 72 is fixed with connecting rod, equally in head and the connector scheme 1 plugs into through bolt and disk.
The anti-twisting of connecting rod face structure
When taking a cover drive mechanism array, this driving mechanism generally is placed on array central authorities.Because connecting rod face freedom of motion is big, is easy to take place integral body and reverses with respect to ground or array bracket.It is a kind of motion conditions that need avoid that integral body is reversed, and needs special device preventing to reverse in some cases, and some situation does not need, and specifically sees and takes which kind of connector fixed form.Anti-if desired connecting rod face reverses, and the present invention enumerates a kind of embodiment, and being that a unit is anti-with the small-sized triarray of 3 compositions reverses.
Figure 22 is a triangular unit connecting rod schematic top plan view, the 1st, and the heliostat lever arm, anti-wrench device 82 is placed on triangle central authorities, fixes through three bars and heliostat connecting rod face.If 82 can only translation, can not rotate, then whole triangle can only can't rotate in translation.
Figure 23 is the device of concrete anti-twisting, and this device is a telescopic universal shaft, in other words conj.or perhaps the bar 83 that joint spider 81 is arranged up and down.Bar 83 length are scalable to link to each other with two axle of two joint spiders, can rotate around joint spider.Other one of two joint spider is connected with two fixture 82; One of them fixture 82 is fixed with the center panel among Figure 22; Other one fixture is fixed on the motionless object such as ground or array base; So just play the purpose that prevents the triangular element rotation, but do not influenced translation motion.
The mode of the joint spider in similar this scheme of every employing no matter use several joint spiders up and down, all belongs to category of the present invention.
Array structure between heliostat
Be convenient to install for the heliostat array, can directly be positioned over the soil face, need design to assign the array structure of heliostat support column, the distribution shape that depends on upper links of array structure.If there is not this bottom array, the heliostat support column needs expansion bolt etc. to be fixed on the reinforced concrete bed, can not directly insert earth, more can not be placed on the ground, very trouble.This array functional is: one, fixing heliostat support column can not move it up and down.Two, make the more orderly and connecting rod cooperation of array distribution, can be not random when installing on a large scale.Three, the convenient installation, structure has extendability, can increase or reduce heliostat.
1. array between bottom type bracing frame heliostat
According to the mathematical analysis of the interlock array of front Figure 18, it is reasonable that triangle distributes, and the connecting rod face can be out of shape by the words that a plurality of triangle edges altogether constitute at the volley.Therefore, array also designs and is in triangular distribution between heliostat.Structure such as Figure 24, its limit is by long tube 91 and the relatively shorter square tube 92 of side of two equal lengths are formed up and down.Square tube 92 has slotted eye up and down, and support column 31 base apertures that available thru-bolt passes among Figure 13 are fixed with it.31 supported brute forces of Figure 13 heliostat support column are fixed, and can not move up and down, and the support column in central authorities can connect six roots of sensation limit at most.Array can be placed directly on the ground, just rises and falls like ground, can be on the array bottom bracket the adjustable pin of setting height(from bottom), it is consistent that array need not strict height.With triangle is a unit, can be easy to expansion or shrink its scale.
Figure 25 is the complete diagram of triangular unit of the minimum of special quadrilateral mechanism, base, array mechanism, the liquor-saturated one-tenth of connecting rod face, and 101 is bottom array, and 102 is top connecting rod net, and 31 is heliostat bottom type support column, uses bolt between 31 and 101.Connecting rod Netcom crosses connector and is connected with the lever arm 1 of every heliostat, and fixed arm 2 has been adjusted head for target when installing.During the settled date through the moving lever arm 1 of connecting rod guipure, minute surface 60 target that flashes back the sunlight.
Triangle settled date structure composition array and special quadrilateral are similar, repeat no more, and all belong to the scope of the invention.
2. array between top type bracing frame heliostat
Top type bracing frame and bottom type are slightly different, shown in figure 26.More firm for crossbeam, so crossbeam is a very long whole beam, top type bracing frame is fixed on the whole beam, keeps at a certain distance away, and forms a row.Like figure, two row's heliostats stagger, and make the triangle that dotted line is represented in the heliostat composition diagram between two rows.Array itself is very simple among the figure, is made up of two heel posts 111 and middle crossbeam 112, and the column bottom is fixed on ground.The heliostat support column is fixed on the crossbeam 112, and heliostat is unsettled, and lever arm is below minute surface, so the connecting rod face is also below heliostat.
Triangle settled date structure composition array and special quadrilateral are similar, repeat no more, and all belong to the scope of the invention.
Drive system
The motion of driving mechanism 120 also is to rotate equally with special quadrilateral or cam mechanism around diaxon, and just structure is more sturdy.Figure 27 is the driving mechanism synoptic diagram, and worm tooth roller box 121 provides around axle 124 and rotatablely moves, and push rod 122 provides around axle 123 and rotatablely moves.These two motion actuating arms 125, actuating arm 125 function classes are similar to the lever arm in the heliostat, and the connector on top is connected with other heliostats through connecting rod, thereby drives their motion.As long as actuating arm 125 is aimed at the sun, the heliostat lever arm is driven by it and also aims at the sun.
Worm tooth roller box and push rod can be Mechanical Driven, also can make hydraulic-driven, specifically as required.
Different according to type of drive, can be divided into different driving embodiments:
Scheme 1, single-point drives array:
Whole array only by a cover drive unit, is driven by the driving mechanism that leans on central authorities 120 like Figure 28 small array, and the driving mechanism lever arm links to each other with other heliostat lever arms through connecting rod, drives their motion.Its lever arm of drive mechanism makes it aim at the sun, and it will pass to the heliostat array to motion through push and pull system, makes the unified sun that points to of all heliostat lever arms, accomplishes the settled date function.
The motor-driven of available and array scale mesh power disposes a certain proportion of wheel box, makes the minimum corner of diaxon all be controlled in the scope of requirement, and distance objective is far away more, and accuracy requirement is high more, and minimum corner requires more little.
System keeps track only need satisfy the driving mechanism lever arm aligning sun and get final product, and utilizes gps data to calculate so can design open-loop tracking, and open loop stabilization is not influenced by light intensity, and the photosensitive device that combines again to be placed on the lever arm is done the higher closed loop tracking of precision.The precision of sunshine tracking can be done very highly, such as 0.01 °.Though Machining of Connecting Rod and alignment error can be brought certain Controllable Error into, the overall system precision can be controlled at a higher relatively scope, satisfies the application of existing tower generating fully.
Scheme 2, the Multipoint Drive array:
If array is bigger, require operation more stable, an array needs many cover driving arrangements so, and the distribution of power is just even like this, can prevent that the connecting rod face from reversing, and system reliability is higher, but the motion control difficulty strengthens.Multipoint Drive can also avoid some single-points to drive some complicated problems of bringing simultaneously, such as anti-wrench device must be installed.As long as driving is set, drive total system through coordinating push-pull effort in each corner of array.Between many complete equipments the better controlled system must be arranged, the coordination of accomplishing to move is with synchronously, and this is the comparison difficulty, otherwise the connecting rod unbalance stress can cause the damage of connecting rod.
Like Figure 29, by the hexagonal array that 121 heliostats are formed, place, hexagonal 6 summits is that the lever arm of 120,6 driving mechanisms of driving mechanism links to each other through connecting rod with 121 heliostat lever arms.Actuating unit is through the control of unified control system, and its motion is on all four, could guarantee that so complicated connecting rod face remains unchanged shape and stable translation all around and do not have to rotate the lever arm of 121 heliostats of motion drive of connecting rod face.
Anti-wind mechanism
In the time of strong wind, every stressed finally can feeding back on the connecting rod face of minute surface, the stack of the power of numerous minute surfaces, total power is very big.Actuating arm stationary links face around depending alone is not enough, and driving mechanism damages easily.For this reason, can around permutation, add extra pulling device.The wire rope of pulling device is connected with the connecting rod face at ordinary times, but from relaxed state, the connecting rod face can be free movable, opens pulling device, tightens up automatically, from around hold whole connecting rod face.
Lever arm is the parallel and array dimension-limited factor of initialization how
Like Figure 30, in the time of initialization, lever arm 1 can adopt certain stationary installation, is adjusted to vertical level, and the two overlaps both to have let gravity vertical pass lever arm, utilizes the characteristics initialization lever arm that gravity vertical is parallel to each other in the certain limit to change into parallel.Among Figure 30, array launches 1 kilometer, because 6390 kilometers very greatly more of ground bulb diameters, spreads out 1 kilometer array, and its gravity vertical has that a little is not parallel, but angle is very little, has only 0.009 ° can ignore.After the whole furnishing vertical level of the lever arm of all heliostats and Multipoint Drive mechanism, link up, remove stationary installation then with connecting rod.The motion of connecting rod face is driven by the lever arm of driving mechanism, only does the bidimensional translation at qualification position range inside connecting rod face and does not rotate, and the face height is the function of translation location; All lever arms are parallel all the time; The driving mechanism lever arm is aimed at sunlight, and other lever arms are just aimed at sunlight, accomplishes the settled date.
Because sunlight is not strict directional light, its awl visual angle is 16 to the maximum ', and lever arm is strict parallel, some is aimed at sunlight other and just can not aim at.The not parallel error that causes of sunlight can be ignored within the specific limits, but scope one mistake is just big, can not ignore and disregards.Array external diameter scale at tens meters to being proper between the km.
Overall applicability embodiment
Like Figure 31, be the sectional drawing of choosing the large-scale array of sexangle that some scheme in the practical implementation forms, the 100th, be placed on structure between ground array, there has been its heliostat support column to need not the cement ground, but and structure 100 fixing ground that directly are positioned between array.The 300th, the connecting rod face that the heliostat upper links is formed, actuating unit 120 just drive heliostat lever arm 1 among this back left and right sides translation drive figure in front, have at six angles, and T is a target.
Machinery interlock heliostat array has very application prospects, the alternative butterfly of miniature scale, and small-sized optically focused heating and the hot-water heating system of can be used for large-scalely can be used generating.
Embodiment 1:
Miniature tower, alternative butterfly system is at 1000m 2Below in the small-sized concentration applications, can reach the butterfly spotlight effect, but target again can be motionless, short lighter and handier than butterfly again, installation is simple and easy, wind resistance is strong.
The separate unit heliostat: special quadrilateral or triangle bascule adopt the ABS engineering plastics to make.Every heliostat minute surface 0.6m*0.6m, the heliostat height is less than 1 meter.The bottom support base is made with steel or aluminium alloy, and the above weight of 5kg can be supported in the horizon adjustable spin angle and the elevation angle.
Interlock heliostat array: connecting rod connector and connecting rod can adopt stainless steel to make, and it is indeformable to bear the 200kg pulling force.Separate unit heliostat minute surface area 0.36m 2, 400 heliostats are formed a hexagonal array, minute surface total area 144m 2, the about 200m of array floor area 2Because connecting rod is many, it is good that this miniature array is adapted at prefabrication, and target configures in the time of prefabricated, and target is also carried out together.Direct whole array is positioned over ground and get final product when installing, and array overlaps drive mechanism by central authorities one.Array can be installed in roof, and the tower height and distance satisfies prefabrication to be set, and array leaves in the scope of tower 5-30 rice, must be installed in to face in the southern semicircle.
Receiver: can be small size hot-water boiler, also can be the Stirling engine direct generation of electricity of 30kw-100kw.
Embodiment 2:
Warm application among the small-sized output 500kw can supply the heating of 200 family families, hot water service.
The separate unit heliostat: special quadrilateral or triangle bascule adopt aluminium alloy to make.Support can support the minute surface of 1.6m*1.6m, about minute surface can be divided into two, is placed on both sides on the support.The bottom support base is made with steel, and the above weight of 50kg can be supported in the horizon adjustable spin angle and the elevation angle.
Interlock heliostat array: connecting rod connector and connecting rod can adopt stainless steel to make, and it is indeformable to bear 2 tons of pulling force.Separate unit heliostat minute surface area 1.6mx1.6m=2.56m 2, 200 heliostats are formed the big array of sexangle.Minute surface total area 512m 2, the about 800m of array floor area 2Array is coordinated to drive by hexagonal six summit driving mechanisms.It is the center of circle that array can be installed in the tower, leaves in the fan-shaped range of tower 30-150 rice, must be installed in to face in the southern semicircle.
3 groups of such heliostat arrays are installed, minute surface total area 1536m 2, floor area 2400m 2According to average annual sun power 750W/m 2Calculate, daylighting power 1152KW, this is little for actual specific, because the cosine effect is arranged, but headspace prevents to block before and after the mirror.The on-the-spot Installation and Debugging of array after all fixed arms aim at the mark, adopt speciality tool that the lever arm initial setting is become parallel and fixing, connect connecting rod then, wait the connecting rod face to carry out and remove the fixedly device of lever arm.
Thermal absorption tower: 40 meters of tower heights, top absorber area 5m 2, 300 times of optically focused adopt the solar heat absorption tube, and thermal absorption efficient totally surpasses 90%.Adopt high temperature oil, be heated to 150-200 °,, perhaps become high-temperature steam and supply family's heating through being pumped into the heat exchanger heats water at the bottom of the tower, perhaps factory application, overall efficiency is higher than more than 80%.
Accumulation of heat: for also have heat evening, need regenerative apparatus, available 100 tons of attemperater accumulation of heats.
Though increased expenditures such as high tower construction, its cost is than laying 1500m 2Solar energy heat collection pipe low, have only its about 1/2.
Embodiment 3:
Big-and-middle-sized tower type thermal generation is used, output power 5MW.
The separate unit heliostat: special quadrilateral or triangle bascule adopt steel to make, and be tall and big relatively.It is 10m that support can support the total area 2Minute surface.The bottom support base is made with steel, and the above weight of 500kg can be supported in the horizon adjustable spin angle and the elevation angle.
Interlock heliostat array: connect connecting rod connector and connecting rod and can adopt stainless steel to make, it is indeformable to bear 20 tons of pulling force.Separate unit heliostat minute surface area 10m 2, 1000 heliostats are formed a big hexagonal array.Total minute surface area 10000m 2, the about 13000m of array floor area 2Array is coordinated to drive by the driving mechanism on hexagonal six summits, drives to adopt large hydraulic equipment united and coordinating.It is the center of circle that array can be installed in the tower, leaves in the fan-shaped range of tower 60-400 rice, must be installed in to face in the southern preceding semicircle.
6 groups of such heliostat arrays are installed, minute surface total area 60000m 2, floor area 96000m 2According to average annual sun power 750W/m 2Calculate, daylighting power 46MW, this is little for actual specific, because cosine effect and loss are arranged, but headspace prevents to block before and after the mirror.The on-the-spot Installation and Debugging of array after all fixed arms aim at the mark, adopt speciality tool that the lever arm initial setting is become parallel and fixing, connect connecting rod then, wait the connecting rod face to carry out and remove the fixedly device of lever arm.
Thermal absorption tower: 150 meters of tower heights, top absorber area 80m 2, 800 times of optically focused add hot water to 400 ° steam, and thermal absorption efficient surpasses 90%.Employing steam turbine generating, thermopower transformation efficiency be more than 20%, output power 5MW electric power.
Accumulation of heat: the heating power about half of cat head absorber absorption stores, and supplies the generating in evening, adopts mixed type salt phase transformation heat accumulation, and 300 degree left and right sides fusions are stored in the high-temperature heat-storage jar.
Beneficial effect
1. adopt geometric ways to express the settled date relation, simplify the settled date method, eliminate fractional error, mirror is moving by initiatively becoming association, for interlock provides the basis.
Settled date method in the past all is to let mirror moving by every means, and all calculating and sensor all center on mirror how this moves.Its calculating, attitude perception and feedback, motion all are the basis with the separate unit.Owing to adopt the equation expression relation, positional information will change into mathematical quantity and participate in calculating, and certainly will will obtain positional information, and complicacy and error are corresponding brings into, and the while high precision, that high stable obtains the positional information cost is very big.Other links also have error, such as formula error, and the initial error of bringing in the time of collimation angle etc.
The present invention has adopted the simplest, and the most directly the geometric relationship expression way is expressed sunshine, mirror, target three's relation.Some mechanical arms are represented the direction of light, and the another one mechanical arm is represented the light whereabouts, and these two arms are in case definite, and special quadrilateral of the two drive or triangle mechanism are confirmed mirror position through them, satisfy the settled date relation.Be solidified into hardware to the direct reflection relation, simplified the settled date process.Hardware error depends on mould, and error becomes controlled tolerance, can guarantee in the time of processing, no longer changes and accumulates.Can disposable design in the time of designing mould very accurate, need not calibration in the time of installation, measure.The relation of solidifying, also more firm, reliable, occurrence of errors is littler with the probability of makeing mistakes.
2. many heliostats are formed bidimensional interlock array, share control and motion, reduce cost greatly
Traditional heliostat, owing to need facilities such as sensor, control system, electromechanics, single heliostat cost is restricted.So people are in order to reduce cost, can with system do very big, but too big because factors such as wind resistance can not be done, cost is still than higher.
Utilization activity special quadrilateral of the present invention or triangle geometry frame mode are expressed the settled date relation, and this is the prerequisite of the more than enough interstation interlock of ability.Because to point to be consistent for every heliostat lever arm in the array, all point to the sun, and many interstations interlock is reduced to other scheme stage that is beyond one's reach to cost.Interlock of the present invention is very natural and how much settled date modes complement each other, one integrated mass, and the two coupling reaches perfect adaptation.
Original day method can not interlock, because the thing of neither one unanimity between each heliostat.Also be confined to a dimension even if having, use difficulty, because original day method does not design for interlock, unrealistic it would be better of interlock need not reluctantly.Though perhaps some ability bidimensional interlock can only be small-scale, but must be all prefabricated, and does little.
3. provide a kind of novel middle and small scale tower optically focused scheme
The present used optically focused mode of solar energy thermal-power-generating: tower heliostat, slot type, butterfly, linear Fei Nier system mainly are these several kinds of modes.
Traditional tower generating, heliostat consider that from technical difficulty the separate unit reflecting surface all is the plane generally from cost consideration, and area can not be very little, and in order to obtain certain light concentrating times, settled date dressing table number can be not seldom yet simultaneously, and so overall size is just bigger.Improve light concentrating times if reflecting surface is made cambered surface, can bring serious aberration, more far short of what is expected than butterfly spotlight effect, therefore traditional tower heliostat all is used in the occasion of the large-scale optically focused on planes up to ten thousand, at 10-1000m 2Small-sized optically focused occasion is all substituted by butterfly usually.At present, have only the technology of esolar company, its scale adjustment is free and loose relatively, and this is because its catoptron is all very little.In small sized applications, if adopt butterfly, tall and big butterfly parabola is being made, transportation, is being installed all pretty troublesomely, and target is in the along of plate, needs that and then plate is moving, and target can not be done greatly.But external also someone finds out a kind of mode of novelty, like the patent CN1447889 of state stranger application, utilizes the ball of inflation to strut a reflectance coating; Though this mode need not stationary installation, spheroid was very big when area was big, and Project Realization is a problem; Also be difficult to wind resistance, be difficult to scale.
It is thus clear that people from all parts of the world all in the better optically focused mode of thinking, can be stretched by scale, target need not moved again, can also realize that bidimensional focuses on, and price is also very low.Of the present inventionly can solve above all problems well, alternative butterfly on a small scale, that also can do on a large scale is very big, and with the scale variation, know-why is identical for effect and cost.
4. eliminate the existing many drawbacks of bidimensional interlock scheme
7677241B2 compares with U.S. Pat; What the present invention adopted is to drive special quadrilateral mechanism lever arm alignment light source; The geometry inherent through the special quadrilateral knot guarantees reflective relation, and United States Patent (USP) is the normal that directly drives mirror, the inner not special association of single mirror actuation mechanism.United States Patent (USP) certainly will require an end of normal to distribute with Mei Desi conchoid (Conchoid of Nicomedes) for guaranteeing all mirrors ability interlock settled date.This special distribution requires to configure target, calculates and customize conchoid rigid body face again, the more difficult more greatly customization of special rigid body curved surface.And the normal of mirror is not isometric; Two ends are distributed on the different curves; Driven an end must pass drive the rigid body face except about driven, want also relatively that this face can freely slide up and down, cause to drive not have in the middle of the rigid body face and support; The summit that can only be four jiaos of driving rigid bodies is supported, not sagging distortion in the middle of area one can't guarantee greatly.These two factors cause this array small can't do big.The mirror normal drives an end and drives the rigid body face, the universal connector up and down that adds to make trouble.And lever arm initialization of the present invention is parallel, utilizes the gravity vertical with reference to mounting points, and interior on a large scale gravity vertical is parallel each other, the on-the-spot then connecting rod face that connects, and the connecting rod face is the rigid body face.Because all lever arms are isometric, initially parallel again, the purpose of motion also is to only require parallel getting final product, and the side sees to be exactly parallelogram motion, and the connecting rod face need not slide up and down with respect to lever arm, and connector construction is simple.Every connecting rod all obtains lever arm and supports, and each not deformation of junior unit is extensive just can deformation, so scale can be expanded arbitrarily, and does not worry the too large deformation of connecting rod face.
5. elimination aberration
The energy loss that aberration causes can reach in one day more than 40%, and this makes the efficient of tower generating be affected and restricts.And each mirror of the present invention is smaller, and where reflection ray arrives target, is separate, and a plurality of specularly reflected hot spots are overlapping on class in target, and no matter how sunlight moves, and lap is overlapping forever, and the hot spot distortion is suppressed to minimum degree.
In tower power generation applications, the absorber of cat head has certain area, requires light overlapping as far as possible, and aberration is little.Every heliostat size of the present invention is smaller, and aberration is little, and the heliostat hot spot in the array can be overlapping.Though every heliostat size is little, the overall size of array can be very big.
6. simplify the minute surface manufacture craft
Every mirror size in the array of the present invention is all little, all is the absorber less than cat head, as long as level crossing.The mirror manufacturing process on plane is very ripe, need not special mould, also need not to install manual micromatic setting.
7. increase automatic dust brush, clear up minute surface in real time
The present invention leans on one can come the settled date around special quadrilateral or the triangular structure motion that fixed arm rotates, and the angle and distance of lever arm and fixed arm and minute surface can change, and this motion can drive the dust brush, like what describe in the practical implementation.Brush with the fricting movement next to the shin of minute surface in, the dust of minute surface is brushed away because 2 above brushes are at regular intervals side by side, guarantee to brush whole minute surface.Because back-moving spring is arranged, so brush has certain pressure to minute surface downwards, the effect of brush is relatively good.
The dust brush all can be installed in the mechanism both sides, and each is responsible for side cleaning minute surface.In the heliostat motion process, special quadrilateral or triangular structure can be along with changes, and dust is brushed under the interlinked mechanism effect, and motion cleaning minute surface can be cleared up most minute surface automatically.Through this structure, can make mirror in a very long time, keep its reflectivity a stable value, and need not artificial the cleaning, saved lot of manpower and material resources, be the maintenance savings overspending of tower heliostat power house.
8. alleviate the influence of wind-force to minute surface, wind loading rating is strong
Heliostat of the present invention is an array, and every very little, and the minute surface height is less than 2 meters.Just in time in mirror central authorities, area is the same up and down with respect to axle, so mirror is almost nil with respect to the rotating torque of axle up and down for the bidimensional rotation center that two turning axles of every heliostat are formed.Even wind-engaging, stressed up and down cancelling out each other.Support column leans on the array polycrystalline substance to fix, and spreads out as a steel construction net to be spread out on the ground, and center of gravity is very low, and very strong wind loading rating is arranged.The present invention mentions that also connecting rod face fixed mechanism reinforced company pole face fixes, therefore heliostat of the present invention can be in strong wind operate as normal, in high wind, can not damage yet.
9. install simple and convenient
There is steel structure support fastened to each other between the heliostat support column of the present invention, forms steel construction module one by one, fixing as long as the support post of every heliostat is assigned in the steel construction module.When installing, directly place the steel construction module on the ground and get final product.
The steel construction support system that array has been arranged can be simplified installation greatly, can install and the ground, soil that height relief is arranged slightly, need not to lay concrete.The expansion of module and reduce very convenient, also very simple when need moving, can be whole or modularization move.
In theory, an array can be made up of thousand mirrors at most, if drive system strength is enough big.
10. special inclement weathers such as sand prevention dust storm, hail, heavy snow initiatively
The face that trace of the present invention is formed is all the time above heliostat, as a natural support, and shorter.When sandstorm, heavy snow, hail arrive, can draw a big canvas to cover whole array through the slide rail that install on both sides, the array outside.Fixing around the canvas, central authorities drop on the connecting rod face, become a tent, and heliostat is protected in tent inside.

Claims (27)

1. heliostat, comprise catoptron, minute surface support and the settled date mechanism, said catoptron lies against on the minute surface support; It is characterized in that; Said settled date, mechanism was a quadrilateral, and said quadrilateral is made up of adjacent isometric fixed arm and first lever arm and adjacent isometric third and fourth limit, and a coupling shaft passes the intersection point of said first lever arm and fixed arm; The crossbeam that this coupling shaft passes on the said minute surface support simultaneously is fixedly connected with said minute surface support; Wherein fixed arm extends along the intersection point of two arms and the line of receiver, and first lever arm extends along the sunlight incident direction, and a diagonal line bar connects the intersection point and the angle summit, said third and fourth limit of said first lever arm and fixed arm; Said diagonal line bar is perpendicular or parallel all the time in mirror mirror; Mechanism can drive said catoptron and rotated around the coupling shaft of said fixed arm and two arms respectively said settled date, and said tetragonal each bar arm and limit are in same plane, and adjacent two arms and/or limit can be dynamically connected through one; One of them arm/limit is a portal structures; Another arm/limit inserts this portal structures, and said diagonal line bar can be connected with said third and fourth limit at the joint that this diagonal line bar slides up and down the internal fixation sliding bearing through one, and the joint two sides of wherein said internal fixation sliding bearing are portal structures; This portal structures is inserted on said third and fourth limit respectively, and the two connects through axle.
2. heliostat as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the intersection point extend outwards on said fixed arm and arbitrary arm/limit becomes a circular shaft.
3. heliostat as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the coupling shaft of said fixed arm and said two arms is vertical each other.
4. heliostat as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said diagonal line bar is during perpendicular to mirror mirror, said settled date mechanism be positioned at catoptron above or below.
5. heliostat as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, when said diagonal line bar was parallel to mirror mirror, said settled date, mechanism was positioned at the side of catoptron.
6. heliostat as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Also comprise a self-cleaning mechanism of minute surface, the self-cleaning mechanism of this minute surface is connected on first lever arm or fixed arm of support through a first connecting rod, and an end of first connecting rod is provided with the brush holder support that has some brush bars.
7. heliostat as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, is connected through an axle between said brush holder support and the first connecting rod, and said first connecting rod can rotate around this axle.
8. heliostat as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, when the self-cleaning mechanism of this minute surface is connected on first lever arm of support through a first connecting rod, is provided with a back-moving spring between said first lever arm and the said first connecting rod.
9. heliostat, comprise catoptron, minute surface support and the settled date mechanism, said catoptron lies on the minute surface support; It is characterized in that said settled date, mechanism was an isosceles triangle, two waists of said isosceles triangle are the fixed arm and first lever arm; Coupling shaft passes the intersection point on said fixed arm and this isoceles triangle shape the 3rd limit perpendicular to the plane of this isoceles triangle shape, and this coupling shaft is fixedly connected with said minute surface support simultaneously; Said fixed arm extends along the intersection point on fixed arm and the 3rd limit and the line of receiver, and said first lever arm extends along the sunlight incident direction, and said the 3rd limit is perpendicular or parallel to be fixed in mirror mirror; Mechanism can drive said mirror mirror and rotated around the coupling shaft of said fixed arm and the fixed arm and first lever arm respectively said settled date, said leg-of-mutton each bar limit in same plane, between adjacent two arm/limits through a connection; One of them arm/limit is a portal structures; This portal structures is inserted on another arm/limit, and said the 3rd limit is provided with the sliding bearing bell and spigot joint that can slide up and down along this limit, and bearing holder (housing, cover) joint side is a shape; Said first lever arm, one end inserts in this shape, and the two connects through axle.
10. heliostat as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, the intersection point extend outwards on said fixed arm and arbitrary arm/limit becomes a circular shaft.
11. heliostat as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, said fixedly arm axle is vertical each other with said coupling shaft.
12. heliostat as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, said the 3rd limit is during perpendicular to said mirror mirror, said settled date mechanism be positioned at catoptron above or below.
13. heliostat as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, when said the 3rd limit was parallel to said mirror mirror, said settled date, mechanism was positioned at the side of catoptron.
14. heliostat as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises a self-cleaning mechanism of minute surface, the self-cleaning mechanism of this minute surface is connected on the fixed arm of support through a first connecting rod, and an end of first connecting rod is provided with the connecting link that has some brushes.
15. heliostat as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, is connected through an axle between said connecting link and the first connecting rod, said first connecting rod can rotate around this axle.
16. heliostat as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, is provided with a back-moving spring between said fixed arm and the said first connecting rod.
17. a heliostat bracing frame is used for supporting each described heliostat of aforementioned claim 1-16, this bracing frame comprises support column, connector, adjuster bar and a fixed bar; It is characterized in that; Said fixed bar one end is fixed in support column one end through said connector, and an other end and said adjuster bar are fixed, the axially interior cover bearing of said fixed bar one end; The axle that said heliostat settled date mechanism's fixed arm prolongs inserts this bearing; Said fixed bar two-end-point and receiver sight alignment, said adjuster bar one end is fixed through anchor ear and support column, and an other end embeds fixed bar groove internal fixation; Said support column, adjuster bar and fixed bar are formed a position angle and elevation angle adjustable triangular, and said support column one end has the disk of one edge trough of belt; The first end of said connection is the disk of a trough of belt, and there is shaft supporting frame the disk top.
18. heliostat bracing frame as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, the other end of said support column have and array between the fixing hole of structure.
19. one and half interlock heliostat array apparatus is characterized in that, comprise many like each described heliostat among the claim 1-16; Be used to drive the stepper motor of each said heliostat; And a shared tracker, said tracker is installed on the wherein a certain heliostat, and first lever arm of said heliostat laterally arranges; Said tracker is sent to the stepper motor of all heliostats with tracking signal, drives each first lever arm and makes the heliostat action.
20. a full interlock heliostat array apparatus is characterized in that, comprises many like each described heliostat among the claim 1-16; Be used to drive the drive unit of heliostat; And a shared tracker, said tracker is installed on the wherein a certain heliostat, and said heliostat forms array through the triangle distribution that structure between array fixedly is common limit; Each fixed arm aims at the mark respectively; Each heliostat first lever arm constitutes the connecting rod face by second connecting rod, and second connecting rod is all identical to every of the distance of two arm junctions with the first lever arm junction, and this connecting rod face links to each other with driving mechanism; Drive all first lever arm alignment light source, said second connecting rod is installed on first lever arm or descends on the extended line.
21. full interlock heliostat array apparatus as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that the length of said second connecting rod is stepless adjustable.
22. full interlock heliostat array apparatus as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that said second connecting rod is connected in first lever arm through joint coupling.
23. full interlock heliostat array apparatus as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that said second connecting rod is connected in first lever arm through the joint spider connector.
24. full interlock heliostat array apparatus as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, also comprises an anti-wrench device, is located at the triangle central authorities of heliostat array, fixes through three bars and heliostat connecting rod face.
25. full interlock heliostat array apparatus as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that said anti-wrench device is a telescopic rod that joint spider is arranged up and down.
26. full interlock heliostat array apparatus as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that said drive unit comprises motor, wheel box and one second lever arm, this second lever arm links to each other with first lever arm of heliostat through second connecting rod.
27. full interlock heliostat array apparatus as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, said drive unit is many covers, is distributed in the corner of said array.
CN2010105167417A 2010-10-22 2010-10-22 Heliostat and interlocking heliostat array device Expired - Fee Related CN102087400B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2010105167417A CN102087400B (en) 2010-10-22 2010-10-22 Heliostat and interlocking heliostat array device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2010105167417A CN102087400B (en) 2010-10-22 2010-10-22 Heliostat and interlocking heliostat array device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN102087400A CN102087400A (en) 2011-06-08
CN102087400B true CN102087400B (en) 2012-11-28

Family

ID=44099278

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2010105167417A Expired - Fee Related CN102087400B (en) 2010-10-22 2010-10-22 Heliostat and interlocking heliostat array device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN102087400B (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102706013A (en) * 2012-06-21 2012-10-03 常州市亚美电气制造有限公司 Automatic adjustment and conversion control device for heliostat in tower-type solar heat collecting power generation system
CN102706010A (en) * 2012-06-21 2012-10-03 常州市亚美电气制造有限公司 Passive automatic tracking system for heliostat of novel tower type solar heat collection system
CN103307774B (en) * 2013-05-30 2015-04-15 湘电集团有限公司 Disc type parabolic mirror device and small mirror plane casing device thereof
CN103532484B (en) * 2013-10-25 2016-10-05 常州市亚美电气制造有限公司 Middle-size and small-size tower type solar reflective heliostat driven carriage
CN107943103A (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-04-20 夸父追日科技（武汉）有限公司 A kind of mechanical sensor heliostat

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4102326A (en) * 1977-09-28 1978-07-25 Sommer Warren T Central receiver solar collector using mechanically linked mirrors
US4466423A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Rim-drive cable-aligned heliostat collector system
US4930493A (en) * 1988-05-09 1990-06-05 Sallis Daniel V Multi-lever rim-drive heliostat
CN1854639A (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-01 孙迎光 Method for adjusting heliostat array synchronous traction
CN101004298A (en) * 2006-08-04 2007-07-25 陈应天 Solar furnace manufactured by using spin - elevation track mode, and correction of aberration method of line and row rotation
US7677241B2 (en) * 2004-09-22 2010-03-16 Energy Innovations, Inc. Apparatus for redirecting parallel rays using rigid translation

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4102326A (en) * 1977-09-28 1978-07-25 Sommer Warren T Central receiver solar collector using mechanically linked mirrors
US4466423A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Rim-drive cable-aligned heliostat collector system
US4930493A (en) * 1988-05-09 1990-06-05 Sallis Daniel V Multi-lever rim-drive heliostat
US7677241B2 (en) * 2004-09-22 2010-03-16 Energy Innovations, Inc. Apparatus for redirecting parallel rays using rigid translation
CN1854639A (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-01 孙迎光 Method for adjusting heliostat array synchronous traction
CN101004298A (en) * 2006-08-04 2007-07-25 陈应天 Solar furnace manufactured by using spin - elevation track mode, and correction of aberration method of line and row rotation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102087400A (en) 2011-06-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN102707729B (en) A kind of mechanism following the tracks of the sun
US8689784B2 (en) Solar concentrator system
US9921289B2 (en) Tracking device comprising a receiving structure which can be adjusted about at least one axis, for mounting at least one element that is sensitive to electromagnetic waves and has a preferential radiation direction
US10326401B2 (en) Tracking control systems for photovoltaic modules
CN100421264C (en) Conversion of solar energy
CN102087400B (en) Heliostat and interlocking heliostat array device
US7252083B2 (en) Structure for supporting energy conversion modules and solar energy collection system
KR101421467B1 (en) Automatic sunlight-tracking device
CN102099930B (en) Solar array support methods and systems
CN106052145A (en) Concentrating solar power with glasshouses
CN102027298B (en) Sun tracker device
CN108317753A (en) The tracking of two-dimentional modularization heliostat and construction
DE202007017719U1 (en) System for supporting energy production from solar radiation
WO2012046134A1 (en) Tracker apparatus for capturing solar energy and relative axis movement mechanism
CN202166897U (en) Mechanism, base frame and linkage for tracking sun
US20160164450A1 (en) Solar generation systems having a common receiver bridge and collectors with multiple mobile webs
EP2578963A1 (en) Panel having longitudinal mirrors for a solar power plant
ES2492697T3 (en) Installation with an adjustable housing structure on an axis around a horizontal axis for housing one or more solar panels or photovoltaic modules or similar
CN102789046A (en) Multi-plane reflecting mirror solar energy condensation device
CN202166898U (en) Sun-tracking mechanism
CN106571773B (en) Rigidly mounted tracking solar panel and method
CN107202443A (en) It is multi-functional full-automatic to put on the sunny side
CN102193560A (en) Sun tracking mechanism and application thereof
CN104993779A (en) Flat single shaft tracking type intensive photovoltaic power generation device
US8899763B2 (en) Device for concentrating solar radiation with longitudinal mirrors and a longitudinal receiver

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20121128

Termination date: 20191022

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee