CN102086466A - Almond functional hybrid peptide and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Almond functional hybrid peptide and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an almond functional hybrid peptide and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the almond functional hybrid peptide comprises the following steps: (1) mixing degreased almond pulp with water, and heating at 80-90 DEG C to denature proteins, thereby obtaining almond pulp slurry; (2) simultaneously adding neutral proteinase and compound proteinase into the almond pulp slurry to carry out enzymolysis, thereby obtaining an almond pulp enzymolysis liquid; (3) heating the enzymolysis liquid to 90-95 DEG C, keeping the temperature for 10-20 minutes to deactivate the enzymes, centrifugalizing, and taking the supernatant which is the almond functional hybrid peptide raw liquid; and (4) passing the hybrid peptide raw liquid through an ultrafiltration membrane of which the molecular weight cut-off is 5000Da, and collecting the ultrafiltrate to obtain the almond functional hybrid peptide. The almond functional hybrid short peptide still has high solubility and stability under the conditions of isoelectric points and high temperature. The test proves that the almond functional hybrid short peptide has multiple biological functions, and can be developed into related functional foods, such as antihypertensive beverages, active peptide powder and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to functional mixed peptide of a kind of almond and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Apricot rosaceae plant deciduous tree originates in China, and wild species and Cultivar resource are all very abundant.Almond has abundant nutritive value and good pharmaceutical use.Contain protein 25g~27g in every 100g almond, grease 47g~56g, carbohydrate and crude fiber content account for 12g~19g, also contain multivitamins such as multiple element such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, selenium and VE, VitB1, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, xitix.The high-quality protein that is rich in the almond, fat and other compositions have important role to human body, long-term edible can give protection against cancer, anticancer, build up resistance, and delay senility useful health of heart and brain.Multiple amino acids and content that Sweet Apricot seed albumen contains needed by human body enrich, be to help human amino acid's nutritive equilibrium, natural dry fruit resource with health role, in addition, distinctive amygdaloside content with multiple pharmacological effect reaches 5.5% in the Semen Armeniacae Amarum, and amygdaloside has the effect of inhibition and kill cancer cell.
The apricot goods are all to eat raw both at home and abroad at present, and the processing ratio is not high.Most of almond only limits to make almond milk, almond can, bakes almond and Prunus amygdalus oil preliminary working product, and the remaining almond dregs of rice are used for producing scientific and technological content and the lower products of added value of product such as almond protein powder more after squeezing grease.The almond protein work in-process has this functional property and physiologically active is relatively poor, absorb shortcomings such as relatively poor, and it is imperative therefore to research and develop the almond protein deep processed product with good function character and physiologically active.
Polypeptide is made up of with difference amino acid and arrangement mode constitutes, and is the general name that dipeptides arrives the different peptide classes of complicated line style or ring type structure.The polypeptide that wherein can regulate the organism physiological function is called as functional peptides or biologically active peptides (Bioactive peptides).The mechanism of absorption of biologically active peptides is better than amino acid, it also not exclusively is that form with total free aminoacids is absorbed that protein enzyme in digestive tube is done the back, and mainly be that form with small peptide is absorbed, and body is fast to the absorption accretion rate comparison total free aminoacids of small peptide, power consumption is low, it is saturated to be difficult for, and absorbs the characteristics of uncontested property and inhibition between peptide.Therefore, the biological value of functional small peptide and nutritive value are higher.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of defatted apricot kernel dregs of rice extract (the functional mixed peptide of almond) and preparation method thereof.
The functional mixed peptide of almond provided by the present invention is to prepare according to the method that comprises the steps:
1) raw materials pretreatment: with after water mixes, heating makes protein denaturation under 80 ℃-90 ℃ condition, obtains almond dregs of rice slurries with the defatted apricot kernel dregs of rice;
2) enzyme is handled: add neutral protease and compound protease simultaneously in the almond dregs of rice slurries that step 1) obtains, need in the enzymolysis process constantly to stir so that enzyme fully contacts with substrate, obtain almond dregs of rice enzymolysis solution;
3) enzyme-deactivating: make neutral protease and conjugated protein enzyme-deactivating in the almond dregs of rice enzymolysis solution, the centrifuging and taking supernatant liquor is the functional mixed peptide stoste of almond;
4) ultrafiltration: the functional mixed peptide stoste of almond that step 3) is obtained is the ultra-filtration membrane of 5000Da by molecular weight cut-off, removes macromolecular gluco, obtains the functional mixed peptide of almond.
Wherein, the mass ratio of the dregs of rice of defatted apricot kernel described in the step 1) and water is 1: 25-50.The described defatted apricot kernel dregs of rice need and be crossed the 60-80 mesh sieve through pulverization process before use, make the almond protein powder.
The add-on of the neutral protease step 2) is a 3000-4000U/g albumen, and the add-on of compound protease is a 2000-3000U/g albumen.
Neutral protease described in the present invention is got through fermented extracted by subtilis, belongs to a kind of restriction endonuclease, and its suitableeest action pH value is 6-8, temperature 35-55 ℃; Neutrase0.8L as Denmark NOVO company.Described compound protease specifically can be the N120P compound protease, as the N120P compound protease of Dutch Sherry company.
The condition of described enzymolysis is: hydrolysis temperature 50-55 ℃, and enzymolysis time 120-180min, enzymolysis pH value is 6-8.
Can make described neutral protease and conjugated protein enzyme-deactivating according to following method in the step 3): almond dregs of rice enzymolysis solution is warming up to 90-95 ℃, keeps 10-20min.
Aforesaid method comprises that also the functional mixed peptide of the almond that step 4) is obtained concentrates and the exsiccant step.Described drying can adopt lyophilize or spraying drying.
The quality percentage composition of peptide is higher than 75% in the prepared functional mixed peptide of almond of the present invention, ash oontent≤6%, sugared content≤7%, weight loss on drying≤7%, fat≤2%; Molecular weight is less than peptide content 〉=90% of 5000D, trichoroacetic acid(TCA) nitrogen soluble index 〉=95%.
A further object of the present invention provides the application of described almond functional mixed short peptide.
Almond functional mixed short peptide provided by the present invention can be used for preparing the healthcare products of antihypertensive active and/or anti-oxidant activity
The present invention is a raw material with the powdery defatted apricot kernel dregs of rice, by technology such as enzymic hydrolysis, membrane sepn, prepares the almond functional mixed short peptide.Method of the present invention adopts two kinds of proteolytic enzyme that the almond dregs of rice are carried out synchronous complex enzyme hydrolysis, its degree of hydrolysis is reached more than 20%, small peptide yield 〉=60%.Compare with almond protein, almond functional mixed short peptide of the present invention still has good solubility and stability under iso-electric point and comparatively high temps.And the contriver is by evidence, and this almond functional mixed short peptide has the various biological function, as antihypertensive active and anti-oxidant activity etc., it can be developed to correlation function food such as antihypertensive beverage, active peptide powder etc.The almond functional mixed short peptide has solved that almond protein itself is nutritious but to be difficult for an absorbed difficult problem in addition, provides a kind of to people and has had higher nutrient health-care function and can be absorbed dietary supplements rapidly by human body.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment method of the present invention is described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Experimental technique described in the following embodiment if no special instructions, is ordinary method; Described reagent and biomaterial if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
The preparation of embodiment 1, almond functional mixed short peptide
The preparation process of almond functional mixed short peptide of the present invention is as follows:
Raw materials pretreatment → enzymolysis → the enzyme that goes out → centrifugal → ultrafiltration is made with extra care → vacuum concentration → drying
Detailed step is:
1. raw materials pretreatment: the cold press defatted apricot kernel dregs of rice are made the almond protein powder through pulverizing, cross the 60-80 mesh sieve.
Again to its further processing:
Almond protein powder → mix (the material quality was than 1: 40) → 90 ℃ of following stirring in water bath → coolings with water
2. enzymolysis: with neutral protease (Denmark NOVO company, Neutrase0.8L) and compound protease (Dutch Sherry company, N120P) respectively by carrying out enzymolysis in 3500u/g substrate and the 2500u/g substrate protein adding reaction system, hydrolysis temperature 50-55 ℃, hydrolysis time 180min, pH6.5 constantly stirs in the reaction process.
3. enzyme-deactivating: be rapidly heated to 90-95 ℃, keep 10-20min to make enzyme-deactivating, the centrifugal 15-20min of 4200g gets supernatant liquor and is almond functional mixed short peptide stoste.
4. ultrafiltration is refining: is the ultra-filtration membrane of 5000Da with gained almond functional mixed short peptide stoste by molecular weight cut-off, removes macromolecular gluco, obtains the almond functional mixed short peptide liquid of molecular weight less than 5000Da.
5. concentrate drying: to solid content 35%-40%, dry powder is made in spray-dried or lyophilize by vacuum concentration, almond functional mixed short peptide yield 〉=60% (in protein content).
The mensuration of total nitrogen adopts Kjeldahl determination; The mensuration of trichoroacetic acid(TCA) nitrogen solubility index adopts the Lowry method; The mensuration of fat and ash content adopts the AOAC method; The mensuration of total reducing sugar adopts the phenolsulfuric acid method.
Measurement result shows that the almond functional mixed short peptide that method for preparing obtains is a kind of white or micro-yellow powder, molecular weight is 85% less than the small peptide content of 5000D, ash content 5%, sugar content 5%, weight loss on drying 4.5%, fat 0.1%, trichoroacetic acid(TCA) nitrogen solubility index (TCA-NSI) is 99.5%, the molecular weight of gained mixed short peptide is less than 5000Da.
The preparation of embodiment 2, almond functional mixed short peptide
1. raw materials pretreatment: the cold press defatted apricot kernel dregs of rice are made the almond protein powder through pulverizing, cross the 60-80 mesh sieve.
Again to its further processing:
Almond protein powder → mix (the material quality was than 1: 50) → 90 ℃ of following stirring in water bath → coolings with water
2. enzymolysis: with neutral protease (Denmark NOVO company, Neutrase0.8L) and compound protease (Dutch Sherry company, N120P) respectively by carrying out enzymolysis in 4000u/g substrate and the 3000u/g substrate protein adding reaction system, hydrolysis temperature 50-55 ℃, hydrolysis time 180min, pH6 constantly stirs in the reaction process.
3. enzyme-deactivating: be rapidly heated to 90-95 ℃, keep 10-20min to make enzyme-deactivating, the centrifugal 15-20min of 4200g gets supernatant liquor and is almond functional mixed short peptide stoste.
4. ultrafiltration is refining: is the ultra-filtration membrane of 5000Da with gained almond functional mixed short peptide stoste by molecular weight cut-off, removes macromolecular gluco, obtains almond functional mixed short peptide liquid.
5. concentrate drying: to solid content 35%-40%, dry powder is made in spray-dried or lyophilize by vacuum concentration, almond functional mixed short peptide yield 〉=60% (in protein content).
The mensuration of total nitrogen adopts Kjeldahl determination; The mensuration of trichoroacetic acid(TCA) nitrogen solubility index adopts the Lowry method; The mensuration of fat and ash content adopts the AOAC method; The mensuration of total reducing sugar adopts the phenolsulfuric acid method.
Measurement result shows that the almond functional mixed short peptide that method for preparing obtains is a kind of white or micro-yellow powder, molecular weight is 82% less than the small peptide content of 5000D, ash content 5%, sugar content 6%, weight loss on drying 4.5%, fat 0.1%, trichoroacetic acid(TCA) nitrogen solubility index (TCA-NSI) is 99.5%, the molecular weight of gained mixed short peptide is less than 5000Da.
The preparation of embodiment 3, almond functional mixed short peptide
1. raw materials pretreatment: the cold press defatted apricot kernel dregs of rice are made the almond protein powder through pulverizing, cross the 60-80 mesh sieve.
Again to its further processing:
Almond protein powder → mix (the material quality was than 1: 25) → 90 ℃ of following stirring in water bath → coolings with water
2. enzymolysis: with neutral protease (Denmark NOVO company, Neutrase0.8L) and compound protease (Denmark NOVO company, Protamex) respectively by carrying out enzymolysis in 3000u/g substrate and the 2000u/g substrate protein adding reaction system, hydrolysis temperature 50-55 ℃, hydrolysis time 180min, pH7.5 constantly stirs in the reaction process.
3. enzyme-deactivating: be rapidly heated to 90-95 ℃, keep 10-20min to make enzyme-deactivating, the centrifugal 15-20min of 4200g gets supernatant liquor and is almond functional mixed short peptide stoste.
4. ultrafiltration is refining: is the ultra-filtration membrane of 5000Da with gained almond functional mixed short peptide stoste by molecular weight cut-off, removes macromolecular gluco, obtains almond functional mixed short peptide liquid.
5. concentrate drying: to solid content 35%-40%, dry powder is made in spray-dried or lyophilize by vacuum concentration, almond functional mixed short peptide yield 〉=60% (in protein content).
The mensuration of total nitrogen adopts Kjeldahl determination; The mensuration of trichoroacetic acid(TCA) nitrogen solubility index adopts the Lowry method; The mensuration of fat and ash content adopts the AOAC method; The mensuration of total reducing sugar adopts the phenolsulfuric acid method.
Measurement result shows that the almond functional mixed short peptide that method for preparing obtains is a kind of white or micro-yellow powder, molecular weight is 78% less than the small peptide content of 5000D, ash content 5%, sugar content 7%, weight loss on drying 4.5%, fat 0.1%, trichoroacetic acid(TCA) nitrogen solubility index (TCA-NSI) is 99.5%, the molecular weight of gained mixed short peptide is less than 5000Da.
The functionally active experiment of embodiment 4, almond functional mixed short peptide
1. the removing of ultra-oxygen anion free radical
Adding ionic strength in a series of test tube is 0.05M, pH is 8.2 Tris-Hcl damping fluid 9ml, add sample solution 100 μ l more respectively, blank group adds the distilled water with volume, add 0.045M pyrogallol (with the 0.01MHCL preparation) 100 μ l again, concussion timing three minutes adds 10% xitix, 100 μ l termination reactions, surveys light absorption value immediately at the 325nm place.
SA-removes the ability of free radical, % in the formula; A
0-blank sample measured value; A
S-sample determination value
2. the removing of hydroxy radical qiao
In test tube, add 9.1mM Whitfield's ointment-ethanolic soln 0.5ml successively, sample 0.5ml, 9.1mM Fe
2+Solution 0.5ml, distilled water 3.5ml adds 88mM H at last
2O
25ml after colour developing shakes up, measures under 510nm and removes activity.
SA-removes the ability of free radical, % in the formula; A
0-be blank sample measured value; A
S-be the sample determination value
3. DPPH free radical
Add successively, the DPPH95% ethanolic soln 1.5ml of 0.1mM, sample 1.5ml at room temperature places 30min after the concussion, and 517nm measures absorbancy.
SA-removes the ability of free radical, % in the formula; A
1-DPPH+ sample; A
2-95% ethanol+sample; A
3-DPPH+ distilled water
4. anti-oxidant
The middle successively phosphate buffer 1 .5ml that adds 0.15M (pH7.0) of 10ml tool plug glass test tube, sample 100 μ l, the FeCl of 50mM linolic acid-ethanolic soln 100 μ l and 50mM
2-EDTA solution 50 μ l adopt whirlpool decollator concussion three minutes, in 50 ℃ of dark place water bath heat preservation for some time.
Add 75% ethanol 3ml successively at tool plug glass test tube, above-mentioned mixed solution 100 μ l, the Fecl of 1M
21MHCL solution 100 μ l, 30%KSCN100 μ l adopts the concussion of whirlpool decollator after three minutes, measures solution absorbency at 480nm immediately.
AA-removes the ability of free radical, % in the formula; A
0-anti-oxidant blank absorbency; A
SThe absorbancy of-Jia antioxidant
5. the mensuration of antihypertensive active
Experiment is carried out in the centrifuge tube of 1.5mL, the cumulative volume of each test is 0.2mL: contain 50mM pH 8.3 phosphate buffered saline buffers, 300mM NaCl, 5mM horse aminoacyl histidyl leucine (HHL), 0.2mg/mL sample 20 μ l and deionized waters, at 37 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control insulation 5min, add an amount of Angiotensin inhibitory enzyme enzyme (ACE) (0.1U is dissolved in the 1mL same buffer) then and start reaction, after constant temperature keeps 30min, add 0.2mL 1M HCl stopped reaction.Add the ethyl acetate of 1.0mL after freezing again, centrifugal behind the uniform mixing (3500r/min, 5min) back is taken out 0.8mL ester layer and is changed in another test tube, and oven dry is dissolved in it in the deionized water of 0.8mL more again, at 228nm place mensuration light absorption value.
Enzyme unit definition alive:
The enzyme work of 1 unit is defined as the enzyme amount that in 37 ℃, 1min catalysis HHL forms the 1pmol urobenzoic acid.
Inhibiting rate is as shown in the formula calculating:
ACE suppresses active (%)=(OD
A-OD
B)/(OD
A-OD
C)
Wherein, OD
AOptical density(OD) when not having inhibitor, OD
BOptical density(OD) when having inhibitor and enzyme, OD
cOptical density(OD) when not existing for inhibitor and enzyme.
The functionally active detected result of gained almond functional mixed short peptide is as follows:
Remove ultra-oxygen anion free radical: 25mg/ml sample clearance rate is 40%.
Remove hydroxy radical qiao: 15mg/ml sample clearance rate is 61.15%.
Remove the DPPH free radical: the 10mg/ml removing can power rate be 65.60%.
Anti-oxidant: the 50mg/ml anti-oxidant activity is 54.01%.
Antihypertensive active: it is 50% that 0.8mg/ml sample ACE suppresses activity.
Claims (10)
1. a method for preparing the functional mixed peptide of almond comprises the steps:
1) raw materials pretreatment: with after water mixes, heating makes protein denaturation under 80 ℃-90 ℃ condition, obtains almond dregs of rice slurries with the defatted apricot kernel dregs of rice;
2) enzyme is handled: add neutral protease simultaneously and compound protease carries out enzymolysis in the almond dregs of rice slurries that step 1) obtains, obtain almond dregs of rice enzymolysis solution;
3) enzyme-deactivating: make neutral protease and conjugated protein enzyme-deactivating in the described almond dregs of rice enzymolysis solution, the centrifuging and taking supernatant liquor is the functional mixed peptide stoste of almond;
4) ultrafiltration: the functional mixed peptide stoste of almond that step 3) is obtained is the ultra-filtration membrane of 5000Da by molecular weight cut-off, collects ultrafiltrated, obtains the functional mixed peptide of almond.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mass ratio of the dregs of rice of defatted apricot kernel described in the step 1) and water is 1: 25-50.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: step 2) described in the add-on of neutral protease be 3000-4000U/g albumen; The add-on of described compound protease is a 2000-3000U/g albumen, and described compound protease is the N120P compound protease.
4. according to arbitrary described method among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: step 2) described in the condition of enzymolysis as follows: hydrolysis temperature 50-55 ℃, enzymolysis time 120-180min, enzymolysis pH value is 6-8.
5. according to arbitrary described method among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: make described neutral protease and conjugated protein enzyme-deactivating according to following method in the step 3): almond dregs of rice enzymolysis solution is warming up to 90-95 ℃, keeps 10-20min.
6. according to arbitrary described method among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: the described defatted apricot kernel dregs of rice are before use through pulverization process and by the 60-80 mesh sieve.
7. according to arbitrary described method among the claim 1-6, it is characterized in that: described method comprises that also the functional mixed peptide of the almond that step 4) is obtained concentrates and the exsiccant step; Described drying is lyophilize or spraying drying.
8. the functional mixed peptide of almond that arbitrary described method prepares among the claim 1-7.
9. the functional mixed peptide of almond according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the quality percentage composition of peptide is higher than 75% in the functional mixed peptide of described almond; In the described peptide, molecular weight is less than peptide content 〉=90% of 5000D.
10. claim 8 or the functional mixed peptide of the 9 described almonds application in preparation hypertension healthcare products and/or anti-oxidation health product and/or removing free radical health care product.
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Cited By (7)
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CN102687891A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-26 | 北京林业大学 | Wild almond polypeptide beverage product and method for preparing same |
CN103222537A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-07-31 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Method for preparing peanut peptides through step enzymatic hydrolysis of peanut protein isolate by using two neutral proteases |
CN103421875A (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2013-12-04 | 石河子大学 | Method for preparing almond protein antioxidant peptides of little white apricot through enzymatic hydrolysis |
CN103478783A (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2014-01-01 | 李嘉 | Preparation method of sweet almond buccal tablets |
CN107047780A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-18 | 南昌大学 | A kind of auxotype almond milk using synchronous quenched enzymatic isolation method production |
CN108936693A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-12-07 | 新疆大德恒生物股份有限公司 | A kind of nutriment and its production method containing almond polypeptide |
CN113481273A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-08 | 新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所 | Method for preparing almond oligopeptide by taking low-temperature physically degreased almond dregs as raw materials and oral liquid containing almond oligopeptide |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102687891A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-26 | 北京林业大学 | Wild almond polypeptide beverage product and method for preparing same |
CN103222537A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-07-31 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Method for preparing peanut peptides through step enzymatic hydrolysis of peanut protein isolate by using two neutral proteases |
CN103421875A (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2013-12-04 | 石河子大学 | Method for preparing almond protein antioxidant peptides of little white apricot through enzymatic hydrolysis |
CN103421875B (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2015-04-22 | 石河子大学 | Method for preparing almond protein antioxidant peptides of little white apricot through enzymatic hydrolysis |
CN103478783A (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2014-01-01 | 李嘉 | Preparation method of sweet almond buccal tablets |
CN107047780A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-18 | 南昌大学 | A kind of auxotype almond milk using synchronous quenched enzymatic isolation method production |
CN108936693A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-12-07 | 新疆大德恒生物股份有限公司 | A kind of nutriment and its production method containing almond polypeptide |
CN113481273A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-08 | 新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所 | Method for preparing almond oligopeptide by taking low-temperature physically degreased almond dregs as raw materials and oral liquid containing almond oligopeptide |
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