CN102074967A - Method for controlling energy storage type wind power station with synchronization property - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了风力发电控制技术领域中的一种具有并网特性的储能型风电场控制方法。该方法通过在风电场交流侧配置储能电池系统，并对储能电池系统的逆变器采取基于同步发电机模型的控制策略，将风电场和储能电池系统等效为虚拟同步发电机，使风电场具备并网接口特性。该方法使风电场的输出功率平滑，有效减小风电场输出功率波动对电网频率的影响；对电网体现同步发电机的特性，可根据系统负荷的波动自动维持系统功率平衡，使系统电压频率稳定。
The invention discloses an energy storage type wind farm control method with grid-connected characteristics in the technical field of wind power generation control. In this method, the energy storage battery system is configured on the AC side of the wind farm, and a control strategy based on the synchronous generator model is adopted for the inverter of the energy storage battery system, so that the wind farm and the energy storage battery system are equivalent to a virtual synchronous generator. Make the wind farm have the characteristics of grid-connected interface. This method makes the output power of the wind farm smooth, effectively reducing the impact of wind farm output power fluctuations on the grid frequency; it reflects the characteristics of synchronous generators for the grid, and can automatically maintain system power balance according to system load fluctuations, making the system voltage and frequency stable. .
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wind power generation control field, relate in particular to a kind of accumulation energy type wind energy turbine set control method with the characteristic of being incorporated into the power networks.
Background technology
Wind energy meets the requirement of environmental protection plan as a kind of regenerative resource of cleaning, and the wind generating technology industry worldwide obtains develop rapidly, and the shared ratio of wind-force capacity of installed generator progressively improves in the electrical network.But because wind energy has randomness and intermittent characteristics, the large-scale wind power field is also strengthened gradually to the influence that the stability of system causes.Simultaneously, also can become more violent, make the electrical network loss of stability easily because system loading changes the frequency change that causes.
At the problems referred to above, existing following control strategy is in order to reduce wind farm grid-connected influence to system.
Adopt the virtual synchronous generator thought in little electrical network field, promptly by disposing energy-storage system in distributed power generation power supply DC side, and be equipped with combining inverter control algolithm based on the virtual synchronous generator model, make distributed power source embody the synchronous generator characteristic, for system frequency stability contributes to big electrical network.But research work at present and embodiment virtual synchronous generator not yet in effect are to the regulating action of frequency.
By energy-storage system being disposed at the wind energy turbine set exit, can effectively stabilize the fluctuation of Power Output for Wind Power Field, the stability of raising system, but this control strategy does not change the influence of power electronics interface to electrical network yet, and still can exert an influence to the stability of system and the operation of blower fan when system loading fluctuates.
Therefore, expectation is by taking suitable control strategy to wind energy turbine set, the fluctuation that can stabilize Power Output for Wind Power Field, again can the attenuation systems load variations to the influence of the stability of a system, effectively improve wind farm grid-connected performance.
Summary of the invention
To deficiencies such as stability of a system influence are big, the present invention proposes a kind of accumulation energy type wind energy turbine set control method at the Power Output for Wind Power Field fluctuation of describing in the top technical background, load variations with the characteristic of being incorporated into the power networks.
Technical scheme of the present invention is,. a kind of accumulation energy type wind energy turbine set control method with the characteristic of being incorporated into the power networks, be used for the accumulation energy type wind energy turbine set is modeled to the virtual synchronous generator to reach the level and smooth purpose of Power Output for Wind Power Field, the accumulation energy type wind energy turbine set comprises wind energy turbine set and energy-storage battery system; The energy-storage battery system comprises energy-storage battery and inverter; By control inverter, be a virtual synchronous generator with the equivalence of energy-storage battery system with wind energy turbine set; It is characterized in that said method comprising the steps of:
Step 1: reactive power, terminal voltage value and the frequency of gathering the output of accumulation energy type wind energy turbine set;
Step 2:, obtain energy-storage battery power command value and virtual synchronous generator excitation electromotive force value respectively through merit frequency controller and excitation controller adjusting with the collection capacity substitution virtual synchronous engine controller of step 1;
Step 3: gather energy-storage battery active power of output and inverter output current;
Step 4: with energy-storage battery active power command value, virtual synchronous generator excitation electromotive force value, energy-storage battery active power of output and inverter output current, substitution virtual synchronous generator Ontology Modeling formula obtains the terminal voltage of virtual synchronous generator;
Step 5: the terminal voltage that obtains the virtual synchronous generator in the step 4 is fed the spatial vector pulse width modulation algorithm of inverter as synthetic modulating wave, the voltage that is incorporated into the power networks that has the synchronous generator characteristic through modulation output.
The wind energy plant of described wind energy turbine set is a direct-drive permanent-magnetism synchronous generator unit, and equivalence is a typhoon power generator group.
Described direct-drive permanent-magnetism synchronous generator unit comprises wind energy conversion system, magneto alternator, pusher side current transformer and net side converter.
Described energy-storage battery system is connected in the wind energy turbine set exit, and the control strategy of inverter adopts virtual synchronous generator control algolithm.
Described virtual synchronous generator control algolithm comprises virtual synchronous engine controller algorithm and virtual synchronous generator Ontology Modeling formula.
Described virtual synchronous generator Ontology Modeling formula adopts the second order electromechanical transient model of synchronous generator, comprises stator voltage equation and rotor mechanical equation.
Above-mentioned accumulation energy type wind energy turbine set control method energy-storage battery is handled up power fluctuation that blower fan sends, thereby smooth wind power field power output; Can make the wind energy turbine set of configuration energy-storage battery that electrical network is embodied the synchronous generator characteristic, adjust self power output, keep the stability of a system according to load fluctuation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the wind farm grid-connected system construction drawing of accumulation energy type in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is virtual synchronous generator control principle figure in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is merit frequency controller principle figure in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is an excitation controller schematic diagram in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 stabilizes control simulation result figure for Power Output for Wind Power Field in the embodiment of the invention;
Figure a is the wind speed oscillogram; Figure b is a wind energy turbine set active power of output oscillogram; Figure c is Power Output for Wind Power Field and the energy-storage battery power schematic diagram of handling up; Figure d is the frequency oscillogram.
Fig. 6 is that wind energy turbine set realizes synchronous generator regulating characteristics simulation result figure in the embodiment of the invention;
Figure a, figure b are that virtual synchronous generator and electrical network are all the time by 1: 4 distribution load design sketch of each self-capacity; Figure c is the system frequency tendency chart; Figure d is system's output voltage waveform.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment is elaborated.Should be emphasized that following explanation only is exemplary, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention and to use.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing principle of the present invention and concrete execution mode are described.
As shown in Figure 1, wind farm grid-connected system is made up of the wind turbine generator of turbo generator set, configuration energy-storage battery.Wherein, turbo generator set is formed thermal power plant input electrical network by the turbo generator set parallel connection of many equal capacity.
Wind turbine generator adopts direct-drive permanent-magnetism synchronous generator unit, is made up of wind energy conversion system, magneto alternator PMSG (permanent magnet synchronous generator), pusher side current transformer and net side converter.Unit is by the control to dipulse width modulated PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) current transformer, realize the maximal power tracing MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) of wind energy and the decoupling zero of system's active power and reactive power is controlled, make unit can make full use of wind energy and run on unity power factor.
The energy-storage battery system is made up of energy-storage battery and inverter, and the energy-storage battery system configuration exports the place that is incorporated into the power networks in wind energy turbine set, and than disposing energy-storage system in DC side, it has reduced the one-level energy conversion, and economy is better, and is convenient to centralized control.By the control to the energy-storage battery inverter, making wind energy turbine set is a virtual synchronous generator with the energy-storage system equivalence, shown in the frame of broken lines.
Fig. 2 is a virtual synchronous generator control method schematic diagram.Main circuit adopts three-phase voltage-type inverter, allows the energy two-way flow; L
i, C
iBe respectively filter inductance and filter capacitor, R
iFor line resistance (i=a, b, c).Subscript WT, Bat and VSG be corresponding wind energy turbine set, energy-storage battery and virtual synchronous generator respectively.U
AbcBe wind farm grid-connected voltage, i.e. the virtual synchronous generator voltage.By the control section collection place of being incorporated into the power networks signal (reactive power, the terminal voltage that is incorporated into the power networks value and frequency) and control, and gather energy-storage battery active power of output, energy-storage battery inverter output current, obtain corresponding controlled quentity controlled variable and feed synchro generator model, synthetic virtual synchronous generator armature voltage, with its space vector pulse width modulation SVPWM as inverter (space vector pulse width modulation) algorithm modulated signal wave, inverter output voltage can obtain having the wind farm grid-connected voltage of synchronous generator characteristic after LC filtering.
Concrete implementation step is as follows:
1. by the reactive power Q at the control section collection place of being incorporated into the power networks, the terminal voltage that is incorporated into the power networks value U and frequency f;
2. calculate energy-storage battery power command value P
TWith virtual synchronous generator excitation electromotive force E
0
Virtual synchronous engine controller algorithm comprises merit controller and excitation controller frequently.
Fig. 3 is the merit frequency controller of virtual synchronous generator.This controller is gathered the variable quantity of the place's frequency that is incorporated into the power networks with reference to synchronous generator speed regulator principle design, obtains the power command value P of energy-storage battery through control
T, feed synchro generator model.Under the situation that the energy-storage battery capacity allows, this merit controller frequently can realize that power stabilizes and the frequency modulation and voltage modulation dual-use function, and its concrete control principle is:
1) power is stabilized function.For ease of analyzing, the taking into account system load does not have the situation of fluctuation, f=f at this moment
N=50Hz, Δ P=0.P
NBe wind farm grid-connected power command value, also as the specified active power value of virtual synchronous generator, its value is a wind energy turbine set by the value of active power after low-pass filtering of maximal power tracing MPPT control output, filtering the power high frequency composition bigger to electric network influencing.The power command value P of energy-storage battery
T=P
N-P
WT, realized stabilizing to wind energy turbine set active power.
2) frequency adjustment function: introduce the static difference coefficient R of generator:
R
*Be perunit value, P
N, f
NActive power and frequency when being respectively specified operation; (P
1, f
1) and (P
2, f
2) be respectively the new stable operating point that system stable operation point and burden with power change back system reaches after the power adjustments effect.Formula (1) is introduced proportionality coefficient K
P=1/R realizes the once adjustment to frequency, when system loading fluctuates, causes frequency variation Δ f that is:, and it acts on controller, and the power adjustments amount that energy-storage system is born is Δ P, obtains the command value P that prime mover is exerted oneself
Ref, it deducts the power that wind energy turbine set is exported, and obtains the power command value P of energy-storage battery
T
Fig. 4 is the excitation controller of virtual synchronous generator.This controller is gathered wind farm grid-connected reactive power with reference to the voltage-regulation characteristics design of synchronous generator, obtains synchronous generator exciting electromotive force E through control
0:
Definition voltage difference coefficient δ:
In the formula, δ * is a perunit value, reactive power and voltage when QN, VN are respectively specified operation; (Q1 is Vi) with (Q2 V2) is respectively system stable operation point and transfers the new stable operating point that reaches after the difference effect through voltage with load or burden without work change back system.
By getting proportionality coefficient K
Q=δ is incorporated into the voltage difference coefficient in the excitation controller, and the generator reactive electric current is descended with system voltage to be increased, and helps keeping the power system stability operation; And can make generating set in parallel have unified voltage-idle characteristic (δ by the artificial value of adjusting difference coefficient
*The value unanimity).Like this, the generating set of parallel running just can keep system voltage stable according to the reactive power of rated capacity reasonable distribution load.
Among Fig. 4, Q is the reactive power that the virtual synchronous generator that records is carried to electrical network.When system's load or burden without work change, Q departs from rated reactive power Q
N, obtain terminal voltage command value U by difference coefficient
Ref, with the virtual synchronous generator voltage U that records
AbcRelatively, through the PI controller, obtain synchronous generator exciting electromotive force E
oAct on the virtual synchronous generator, thereby realize closed-loop control the virtual synchronous generator voltage.
3. gather energy-storage battery active power of output P
eWith inverter output current I
L
4. calculate virtual synchronous generator voltage U
Abc
Virtual synchronous generator Ontology Modeling formula shown in Fig. 2 adopts the second order electromechanical transient model of synchronous generator:
Formula (3) is the stator voltage equation; Formula (4) is the rotor mechanical equation.Wherein: U
AbcBeing the virtual synchronous generator voltage, also is generator voltage; R
a, X
sBe armature resistance and synchronous reactance; I
LBe the inverter output current; J is a moment of inertia; Ω is a mechanical angle speed; M
T, M
eBe respectively the machine torque and the electromagnetic torque of prime mover.By electrical degree and mechanical angle concern ω=p Ω, get number of pole-pairs p=1, and be reference axis with synchronous rotating shaft, obtain adopting the equation of rotor motion of representing with electrical degree:
ω wherein
NBe synchronous electric angle speed; θ is an electrical degree; P
eBe energy-storage battery active power, the while is as the electromagnetic power of generator; P
TBe the energy-storage battery power command value, the while is as the mechanical output of prime mover.
5. synthetic virtual synchronous generator armature voltage U
Abc
Concrete grammar is: obtain the real-time angular velocity omega of virtual synchronous generator by formula (5), its integration is obtained phase angle, vectorial with the excitation electromotive force as reference, its first phase is 0 °, then the phase place of excitation electromotive force A phase vector is ω t, it is got SIN function, and multiply by the excitation electromotive force E that obtains by excitation controller
0, obtain A phase excitation electromotive force vector.In like manner, respectively the phase angle is lagged behind 120 ° and 240 °, can obtain excitation electromotive force B and C phase vector, so far obtain the virtual synchronous generator excitation electromotive force E in the formula (3)
0, promptly obtain the terminal voltage U of virtual synchronous generator by synchronous generator stator voltage equation (3)
Abc, send into inverter as the modulation voltage of space vector pulse width modulation SVPWM inverter, export the voltage that is incorporated into the power networks with synchronous generator characteristic through modulation.
Be illustrated in figure 5 as Power Output for Wind Power Field and stabilize control simulation result figure.System has workload 100kW, load or burden without work 75kVar.The figure a that Power Output for Wind Power Field shown in Figure 5 is stabilized among the control simulation result figure is the wind speed waveform; The figure b that Power Output for Wind Power Field shown in Figure 5 is stabilized among the control simulation result figure is the wind energy turbine set active power of output; Power Output for Wind Power Field shown in Figure 5 is stabilized P among the figure c that controls among the simulation result figure
g, P
WTAnd P
BatCorresponding wind farm grid-connected power respectively, Power Output for Wind Power Field and the energy-storage battery power of handling up; The figure d that Power Output for Wind Power Field shown in Figure 5 is stabilized among the control simulation result figure is a system frequency.
As seen from Figure 5, after wind energy turbine set adopts maximal power tracing MPPT control strategy, because change of wind velocity causes the bigger active power feedthrough system of its output pulsation, to the stability generation considerable influence of electrical network.By the configuration energy-storage system, the power fluctuation of wind energy turbine set of can handling up fast makes that gaining merit of wind energy turbine set injected system is level and smooth, and system frequency is stable.
As shown in Figure 6, wind energy turbine set realizes synchronous generator regulating characteristics simulation result figure.System's band rated load: meritorious 100kW, idle 75kVar.Burden with power constantly reduced 10% at 2 seconds, recovered constantly in 3 seconds.The power that subscript Load correspondence provides to load, the corresponding electrical network of Grid (turbo generator set) provides power, and the corresponding virtual synchronous generator of VSG provides power.By adjusting proportionality coefficient K in the virtual synchronous generator controlling unit
P, K
Q, make the static difference coefficient R of its corresponding generator
*With voltage difference coefficient δ
*Consistent with Steam Turbine respectively, can make that virtual synchronous generator and Steam Turbine can be according to the meritorious and reactive powers of each self-capacity reasonable distribution load.With reference to actual Steam Turbine regulating characteristics, choose R
*=0.05, δ
*=0.03.
Among Fig. 6 a, the 6b, make virtual synchronous generator and electrical network all the time by 1: 4 distribution load of each self-capacity; By Fig. 6 c, 6d as seen, the frequency of system presents opposite trend with the meritorious change of load, has embodied the sagging adjustment characteristic of synchronous generator, realized once adjustment to frequency, and reactive power is unaffected substantially, balance all the time that system is idle, and voltage magnitude is stable.
The above; only for the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.
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| CN102237688A (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2011-11-09 | 牟镠峰 | Method and equipment for controlling energy storage device |
| CN102593839A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-18 | 吉林省电力有限公司 | Difference adjustment coefficient setting method of generator excitation system considering all operating manners of power grid |
| CN102769299A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-11-07 | 清华大学 | A wind farm voltage control method based on voltage operating state |
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