CN110556842B - Control method of direct-drive wind power plant inductive weak grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation suppression device - Google Patents

Control method of direct-drive wind power plant inductive weak grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation suppression device Download PDF

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CN110556842B
CN110556842B CN201910868875.6A CN201910868875A CN110556842B CN 110556842 B CN110556842 B CN 110556842B CN 201910868875 A CN201910868875 A CN 201910868875A CN 110556842 B CN110556842 B CN 110556842B
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grid
direct
reactive
compensator
static
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CN110556842A (en
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罗安
李高翔
陈燕东
王海宁
曹世骧
姜捷
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Hunan University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
    • H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for restraining sub-synchronous oscillation of direct-driven wind power plant under the condition of grid connection of an inductive weak power grid and a control method thereof. The subsynchronous oscillation suppression device comprises a static synchronous reactive power compensator and a battery energy storage system, wherein a storage battery is connected to the direct current side of the static synchronous reactive power compensator, and the control method is improved virtual synchronous machine control. The device for restraining the grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation of the inductive weak power grid of the direct-driven wind power plant and the control method thereof can well restrain the subsynchronous oscillation caused by the interaction of the direct-driven wind power plant and the inductive weak power grid, and provide a solution for the treatment of the grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation of the inductive weak power grid of the direct-driven wind power plant.

Description

Control method of direct-drive wind power plant inductive weak grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation suppression device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of direct-drive wind power plant inductive weak grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation suppression, in particular to a control method of a direct-drive wind power plant inductive weak grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation suppression device.
Background
With the development of the times, the proportion of renewable energy power generation is higher and higher, wherein wind power generation is applied on a large scale. The direct-drive wind driven generator is high in efficiency at low wind speed, and has the advantages of low noise, long service life, small unit size, low operation and maintenance cost and the like, so that the direct-drive wind power plant is more and more. Most wind power plants are far away from the electric load, so that the direct-drive wind power plant grid connection is mostly under the condition of an inductive weak grid. Continuous subsynchronous oscillation occurs in a large direct-driven wind power plant in a Hami area of Xinjiang in 2015, reports of the phenomenon of subsequent subsynchronous oscillation of the inductive weak power grid of the direct-driven wind power plant are increased gradually, the subsynchronous oscillation of the inductive weak power grid of the direct-driven wind power plant seriously influences the consumption of large-scale grid connection of new energy power generation, and influences the reliability of a new energy power generation and supply system, so that the problem of subsynchronous oscillation of the inductive weak power grid of the direct-driven wind power plant is widely concerned and researched.
Since the wind power output is greatly influenced by the wind speed, in order to smooth the wind power plant power output, a battery energy storage system is usually configured to cut peaks and fill valleys and suppress the power oscillation of wind power generation. The static synchronous reactive compensator is a reactive compensation device and also is important equipment for carrying out reactive power regulation in a wind power plant, and a battery energy storage system and the static reactive compensator are integrated together by part of the wind power plant to form the static reactive compensator with energy storage, so that reactive compensation can be carried out, and meanwhile, the power output of a fan can be smoothed. The virtual synchronizer controls and simulates the characteristics of a traditional synchronous generator, has the functions of primary voltage regulation and primary frequency modulation, and is increasingly applied to new energy power generation. The impedance of the grid-connected inverter controlled by the virtual synchronizer is inductive in a full frequency band, and the system can still stably run under the condition of grid connection of an inductive weak power grid. The traditional virtual synchronous machine control mainly outputs active power and cannot be directly applied to a static reactive power compensator mainly sending reactive power, and both the original controller and a control parameter design method need to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the device for inhibiting the grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation of the inductive weak grid of the direct-driven wind power plant and the control method thereof, so that the grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation of the inductive weak grid of the direct-driven wind power plant is well inhibited.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a control method of a direct-drive wind power plant inductive weak grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation suppression device comprises the following steps:
1) Connecting an energy storage battery pack to the direct current side of the static synchronous reactive power compensator to form the static synchronous reactive power compensator with battery energy storage;
2) An active power reduction coefficient D is added to an active control loop of a traditional virtual synchronous machine w Obtaining an improved static synchronous reactive compensator with battery energy storage controlled by the virtual synchronizer;
3) The method comprises the following steps of connecting a static synchronous reactive compensator with battery energy storage controlled by an improved virtual synchronizer in parallel with a direct-drive wind driven generator;
4) Collecting current i of filter inductor output by static var compensator abc And a voltage v of a grid point abc Calculating the voltage v of the grid-connected point abc Effective value of (V) m Calculating the active power P emitted by a static synchronous reactive compensator with battery energy storage controlled by an improved virtual synchronous machine according to an instantaneous power theory vsg And reactive power Q vsg ；
5) The effective value V of the voltage of the grid-connected point m Active power P vsg And reactive power Q vsg And substituting the signal into an improved virtual synchronous machine controller to obtain a modulation signal, thereby realizing the control of the static synchronous reactive compensator with battery energy storage.
In step 2), the coefficient D is controlled w Designing according to the bandwidth of the active control loop, and selecting the parameter D w The bandwidth of the active control loop is 5-10Hz.
Increasing the active power reduction factor D w The latter virtual synchronizer controls the following equation:
Figure BDA0002202101480000021
wherein, P n And Q n Rated active power and rated reactive power of the static reactive compensator, respectively, D p And D q Respectively an active droop coefficient and a reactive droop coefficient, T e Is an electromagnetic moment of inertia, T n For a rated moment of inertia, K and J are respectively an active inertia coefficient and a reactive inertia coefficient, E m Is the effective value of the potential in the static reactive compensator, omega n And ω m Respectively nominal and actual angular frequency, theta m For the phase of the potential in the static var compensatorAnd (4) an angle.
The calculation formula of the modulation signal is as follows:
Figure BDA0002202101480000031
wherein, V dc2 Is the DC side voltage of the static var compensator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a device for restraining the grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation of an inductive weak power grid of a direct-drive wind power plant and a control method thereof, aiming at the problem of the grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation of the inductive weak power grid of the direct-drive wind power plant w The improved virtual synchronous machine control mode is characterized in that the subsynchronous oscillation suppression device and the control method thereof for the direct-drive wind power plant inductive weak grid-connected grid can well solve the subsynchronous oscillation problem caused by the direct-drive wind power plant inductive weak grid-connected grid, and the subsynchronous oscillation suppression device and the control method thereof are simple, reliable and high in practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified circuit diagram of a direct-drive wind power plant grid-connected system with an inductive weak grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation suppression device.
FIG. 2 different parameters D w And the next synchronous oscillation suppression device has an active ring unit step response graph.
Fig. 3 shows an active ring Bode diagram of a next-time synchronous oscillation suppression device with different parameters J.
FIG. 4 is a reactive ring Bode diagram of a next synchronous oscillation suppression device with different parameters K.
FIG. 5 is a small-signal equivalent circuit diagram of a direct-drive wind power plant grid-connected system with a subsynchronous oscillation suppression device.
FIG. 6 is an impedance amplitude-frequency characteristic diagram of a direct-drive wind power plant grid-connected system with a subsynchronous oscillation suppression device.
Fig. 7 a diagram of the criterion of nyquist-quasitut stability.
Fig. 8 is a grid-connected current waveform diagram of the front direct-drive fan inductive weak grid of the subsynchronous oscillation suppression device.
Fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of the grid-connected current of the direct-drive fan inductive weak grid after the subsynchronous oscillation suppression device is added.
Detailed Description
A simplified circuit of a direct-drive wind power plant grid-connected system is shown in figure 1. Grid-connected inverter via L 1 Filtered grid-connected inductor L g And a resistance R g Constituting the grid impedance.
The positive and negative sequence impedance expression of the direct-drive fan is as follows:
Figure BDA0002202101480000041
wherein, K m Is the gain of the modulated signal, K d And K f Respectively a decoupling coefficient and a current feed-forward system, G i ＝k ip +k ii S is the current inner loop transfer function, V dc1 DC side voltage, V, of inverter 1 Is the voltage v of the grid-connected point abc Amplitude of (1) 1 And
Figure BDA0002202101480000042
respectively the amplitude and initial phase angle, T, of the grid-connected current PLL (s)＝V 1 H PLL (s)/[1+V 1 H PLL (s)]，H PLL (s)＝(k pllp +k plli /s)/s，T 1 And
Figure BDA0002202101480000043
from their vector expressions:
Figure BDA0002202101480000044
H v and H i Respectively represent voltage and current sampling time delay, and the expressions are respectively:
Figure BDA0002202101480000045
wherein, T v And T i Are respectively voltageAnd current sampling delay, omega v And ω i The low frequency filter cut-off frequency is sampled for voltage and current respectively.
Increasing the active power reduction factor D w The latter virtual synchronizer controls the following equation:
Figure BDA0002202101480000046
according to the instantaneous power theory, the static synchronous reactive compensator with the battery energy storage outputs active power P vsg And reactive power Q vsg The expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002202101480000047
wherein v is α And v β Is the value of the output voltage of the static synchronous reactive compensator with battery energy storage in an alpha-beta coordinate system; i.e. i α And i β Is the value of the grid-connected current in the alpha-beta coordinate system.
The modulation signal expression of the static synchronous reactive compensator with the battery energy storage can be obtained according to the expression (3):
Figure BDA0002202101480000051
the expressions of the open-loop transfer functions of the active control loop and the reactive control loop of the static synchronous reactive compensator with the battery energy storage can be obtained from fig. 1:
Figure BDA0002202101480000052
Figure BDA0002202101480000053
according to the formulas (6) and (7), the closed loop transfer function of the active control loop of the static synchronous reactive power compensator with the battery energy storage is singleThe bit step response is shown in figure 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, when the active power reduction factor D is applied w The unit step response speed is higher when the unit step response speed is larger. Open-loop transfer function Bode diagrams of an active control loop and a reactive control loop under different parameters can be obtained according to the formulas (6) and (7), as shown in the graphs in FIGS. 3 and 4, and a proper active power reduction coefficient D is selected according to the graphs 2,3 and 4 w The active inertia coefficient J and the reactive power inertia coefficient K enable the bandwidth of the active and reactive control loop to be 5-10Hz.
According to fig. 1, the static synchronous reactive compensator with battery energy storage controlled by the virtual synchronizer is subjected to sequence impedance modeling, and a positive and negative sequence impedance expression based on the static synchronous reactive compensator can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002202101480000054
wherein V r And I r Amplitude of the fundamental voltage and current, respectively, f r Is the fundamental frequency of the voltage, θ ir Is the initial phase angle of the fundamental wave of the current, theta d ＝arcsin[P m ω n L 1 /(E m V r )]+π/2,M(s)＝1/(Js 2 +D p s),K d (s)＝E m sqrt(2)exp(-1.5T s )/[(1+s/ω i )(1+s/ω v )],T s Is the switching period; omega v And ω i The cut-off frequencies of the voltage acquisition low-pass filter and the current acquisition low-pass filter are respectively.
The small-signal equivalent circuit can be obtained from fig. 1, and as shown in fig. 5, when the STATCOM/BESS is not included, the direct-drive fan grid-connected current expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002202101480000055
the direct-drive fan and the power grid can independently and stably operate, and the stability of the direct-drive fan grid-connected system depends on the following formula:
Figure BDA0002202101480000061
according to fig. 5, when the direct-drive wind turbine grid-connected system includes the static synchronous reactive power compensator with battery energy storage as mentioned herein, the direct-drive wind turbine grid-connected current expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002202101480000062
the direct-drive fan and the static synchronous reactive compensator grid-connected system with the battery energy storage can independently and stably operate, and the stability of the direct-drive fan grid-connected system depends on the following formula:
Figure BDA0002202101480000063
according to the formulas (1), (8) and fig. 5, the impedance amplitude-frequency characteristics of the system before and after the improved virtual synchronous machine controlled static synchronous reactive compensator with the battery energy storage to the direct-drive fan grid-connected system can be obtained and are shown in fig. 7, wherein Z gpn &Z vsgp Is impedance Z gpn And Z vsgp Parallel equivalent of, Z gpn &2*Z vsgp Is impedance Z gpn ，Z vsgp And Z vsgp Parallel equivalence of (c). According to the formulas (10) and (12), the improved virtual synchronous machine-controlled static synchronous reactive compensator with the battery energy storage function can be added to the front and rear nyquine Shi Tetu of the direct-drive fan grid-connected system, as shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, when the static synchronous reactive compensator controlled by the improved virtual synchronizer and having the battery energy storage function is added to the direct-drive fan grid-connected system, the system is unstable, and the system becomes stable after the addition.
A direct-drive fan grid-connected system which is based on an RT _ LAB and comprises a static synchronous reactive compensator with a direct-current side as a storage battery is built for research, and experimental results are shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
FIG. 8 is a grid current experimental waveform diagram of a direct-drive fan grid-connected grid line short-circuit ratio (SCR) changed from 11 to 4.
Fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of a direct-drive fan grid-connected current experiment after a static synchronous reactive compensator with a storage battery on the direct current side for improving virtual synchronous machine control is added to a direct-drive fan grid-connected system.
According to the results of practical examples, the effectiveness of the direct-drive wind power plant inductive weak grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation suppression device and the control method thereof is shown.

Claims (4)

1. A control method of a direct-drive wind power plant inductive weak grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation suppression device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Connecting an energy storage battery pack to the direct current side of the static synchronous reactive power compensator to form the static synchronous reactive power compensator with battery energy storage;
2) An active power reduction coefficient D is added to an active control loop of a traditional virtual synchronous machine w Obtaining an improved static synchronous reactive compensator with battery energy storage controlled by the virtual synchronizer;
3) The method comprises the following steps of connecting a static synchronous reactive compensator with battery energy storage controlled by an improved virtual synchronizer in parallel with a direct-drive wind driven generator;
4) Collecting current i of filter inductor output by static var compensator abc And a grid point voltage v abc Calculating the voltage v of the grid-connected point abc Effective value of (V) m Calculating the active power P emitted by the static synchronous reactive compensator with battery energy storage controlled by the improved virtual synchronous machine according to the instantaneous power theory vsg And reactive power Q vsg ；
5) The effective value V of the voltage of the grid-connected point m Active power P vsg And reactive power Q vsg And substituting the signal into an improved virtual synchronous machine controller to obtain a modulation signal, thereby realizing the control of the static synchronous reactive compensator with battery energy storage.
2. The control method of the direct-drive wind power plant inductive weak grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation suppression device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2), the control coefficient D is controlled w Designing according to the bandwidth of the active control loop, and selecting the parameter D w Make the active control loop bandwidth in5-10Hz。
3. The control method of the direct-drive wind farm inductive weak grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation suppression device according to claim 1, characterized by increasing an active power reduction coefficient D w The latter virtual synchronizer controls the following equation:
Figure FDA0002202101470000011
wherein, P n And Q n Rated active power and rated reactive power of the static reactive compensator, respectively, D p And D q Respectively an active droop coefficient and a reactive droop coefficient, T e Is an electromagnetic moment of inertia, T n For a rated moment of inertia, K and J are respectively an active inertia coefficient and a reactive inertia coefficient, E m Is the effective value of the potential in the static reactive compensator, omega n And ω m Respectively nominal and actual angular frequency, theta m Is the phase angle of the potential in the static var compensator.
4. The control method of the direct-drive wind farm inductive weak grid-connected subsynchronous oscillation suppression device according to claim 3, characterized in that a calculation formula of the modulation signal is as follows:
Figure FDA0002202101470000021
wherein, V dc2 Is the DC side voltage of the static var compensator.
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