CN102072980A - Optical fiber temperature compensator of electronic current transformer - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber temperature compensator of an electronic current transformer, the current transformer comprises a current measuring coil and an energy obtaining coil which are sleeved on a line to be measured; the current measuring coil is sequentially connected with an integral amplification module, an A/D (analogue/digital) conversion module and a first E/O (electric/optic) conversion module, the first E/O conversion module is connected with a first O/E conversion module through an optical fiber, and the first O/E conversion module is connected with a current operation module which is connected with a synchronous control module; the energy obtaining coil is connected with a suspension power supply, and the suspension power supply is connected with the integral amplification module, the A/D conversion module and the first E/O conversion module; a semiconductor laser is connected with a wavelength division multiplexer, the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the optical fiber, and interfaces of two backward scattered light channels of the wavelength division multiplexer are respectively connected with a photoelectric converter and an amplification circuit and further connected with a high-speed data acquisition card; and the high-speed data acquisition card is connected with the current operation module. The optical fiber temperature compensator of the electronic current transformer can effectively measure the temperature and perform temperature compensation for the measured current values.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of current transformer; it is the measurement mechanism of the current parameters of a kind of 110KV of being used for and following electric system; the usefulness of the electric measurement of power supply power system, protective relaying device, automaton, especially a kind of temperature compensation means of current transformer.
Background technology
Current transformer is and an important device in the electric system, and it plays measurement and conversion primary system electric current, isolates the effect of primary system high pressure.Electric system at present adopts traditional electromagnetic type electric current mutual inductance mostly, and technology is also very ripe, and wherein iron core formula current transformer is based on multiple structures such as dry type, oil immersed type and gas-insulating types.But improve constantly and protect the constantly perfect of requirement along with electric pressure in the electric system; the intelligentized updating transformation and the electric system of transformer station develop to the digitizing direction; some problems of traditional electromagnetic current transducer are also come out with regard to exposed day by day, and major defect has:
(1) electromagnetic current transducer contains coredly, so dynamic range is little, service band is narrow, and has ferroresonance.
(2) secondary side can not be opened a way, otherwise the high pressure that produces is worked the mischief to equipment, even jeopardizes personal safety.
(3) volume is big, cost is big, and inflammable, explosive.
Electronic current mutual inductor and traditional electromagnetic current transducer relatively mainly contain following advantage: (1) electronic current mutual inductor adopts insulating material such as glass optical fiber to come transmission information, in the forceful electric power magnetic environment, can guarantee the accuracy and the reliability of signal, have good insulating property and very strong anti-electromagnetic interference performance.
(2) no iron core eliminated problems such as ferroresonance and magnetic saturation, and the linearity is good, and range of dynamic measurement is big, frequency is wide, precision is high.
(3) volume is little, cost is low, in light weight, conserve space.
(4) low pressure end does not have open circuit Keep Clear-High Voltage, not because of the oil-filled danger such as inflammable and explosive that produce
(5) adapted to the trend of measuring and protect digitizing and microcomputerization and automation development.
At the outstanding superiority that above these electronic current mutual inductors showed, electronic current mutual inductor is trend of the times as can be seen, is the ideal substitute of traditional current transformer.
What at present application prospect is arranged is the active type electronic current mutual inductor, has had the active type electronic current mutual inductor of more different electric pressures to be in the linked network trial run stage.
Electronic current mutual inductor is a kind of high-precision electronic measuring device, at present also exist the perfect problem of a large amount of needs, as the overall accuracy problem, the powerup issue of high-pressure side, integrity problem or the like, interim environment temperature is everybody questions of common interest to precision and complete machine Effect on Performance.
The above high-tension electricity minor current transformer of 110KV generally all is installed in outdoor, service condition is very abominable, the temperature difference is very big throughout the year, can reach-30 ° of C to+60 ° of C, cause the skeleton of Rogowski coil, the expansion or the contraction of coil, thereby measuring accuracy is impacted, and variation of temperature also causes the influence on the measuring accuracy to electronic converter unit, optical fiber delivery unit.Therefore the measuring error that temperature variation is caused need carry out compensating systemicly, and the scientific research personnel who is engaged in electronic current mutual inductor research takes much count of always, but because the singularity of electronic current mutual inductor never finds ideal method.
Summary of the invention
Can not effectively carry out the go forward side by side deficiency of trip temperature compensation of temperature survey for what overcome existing electronic current mutual inductor, the invention provides a kind of electronic current mutual inductor fiber optic temperature compensator that can effectively measure temperature and carry out the measured value temperature compensation.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of electronic current mutual inductor fiber optic temperature compensator, described current transformer comprises the current measurement coil that is sleeved on the circuit to be measured and gets the energy coil, described current measurement coil connects the integration amplification module successively, an A/D modular converter and an E/O modular converter, a described E/O modular converter connects an O/E modular converter by optical fiber, a described O/E modular converter connects the current operator module, described current operator module connects synchronization control module, described synchronization control module connects the 2nd E/O modular converter, described the 2nd E/O modular converter connects the 2nd O/E modular converter by optical fiber, described the 2nd O/E modular converter connects described A/D modular converter, described getting can connect described suspended power supply by the anchor line (string) circle, and described suspended power supply connects described integration amplification module, an A/D modular converter and an E/O modular converter; Described fiber optic temperature compensator comprises semiconductor laser and wavelength division multiplexer, described semiconductor laser is connected with described wavelength division multiplexer, described wavelength division multiplexer is connected with optical fiber, the two-way rear orientation light channel interface of described wavelength division multiplexer connects photoelectric commutator respectively successively, connect in high-speed data acquisition card behind the amplifying circuit, described high-speed data acquisition card is connected with described current operator module, described current operator module comprises in order to calculate the current measurement submodule of current measurement value according to the current measurement coil signal, in order to temperature survey submodule according to the optical fiber temperature-measurement accounting temperature, and in order to obtain real-time temperature value according to optical fiber temperature-measurement principle, according to temperature and penalty coefficient corresponding tables, tabling look-up is compensated coefficient, the temperature compensation submodule of the current value after penalty coefficient and current value are done product and be compensated.
As preferred a kind of scheme: in described temperature compensation submodule,, then choose corresponding penalty coefficient if temperature value belongs to the point value in the penalty coefficient table; Repay in the coefficient table between two adjacent point values if temperature value belongs to, then adopt method of interpolation to determine penalty coefficient.
Further, described wavelength division multiplexer is the Raman scattering wavelength division multiplexer, and described semiconductor laser is a pulsed laser.
Technical conceive of the present invention is: increase the temperature compensation link under the prerequisite that does not increase this equipment power supply burden and equipment cost substantially.Just how to make full use of existing each several part and form the temperature compensation link, to reach the purpose that improves measuring accuracy.Through fully research, we have proposed to utilize existing fiber, semiconductor laser, DSP and wavelength division multiplexer etc. to form a temperature compensation link.
Temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers mainly contains optical time domain reflection (OTDR) and optical frequency territory reflection (OFDR) two kinds of technology are measured the temperature of space distribution.Optical time domain reflection (OTDR) technology should be a comparatively ripe measuring technique, and it is as shown in Figure 2 former.
Among the figure, propagation ducts T and receiving cable R are same optical fiber, herein in order to clearly demonstrate principle, so be expressed as different two passes.The optical fiber length overall is L, considers apart from lasing light emitter to be 1 optical fiber front end F place, and length is
One section optical fiber.ENERGY E
0Duration is after the pumping pulse light beam of △ T is gone into optical fiber, transmits in transmission channel T with speed v (v=c/n, wherein C is the light velocity in the vacuum, n is a fiber core refractive index, general n=1.5), propagates into
Section: part energy
Be depleted (
Be the loss factor on the unit length of incident light); Part energy
Be coupled to receiving cable R, then with speed v get back to the photodetector place (
Be the light backscattering coefficient on the unit length, P is the back scattering factor).Suppose that optical fiber is uniformly, promptly
,
Irrelevant with fiber position; Suppose also that simultaneously optical fiber equates at the loss factor of pump light wavelength and scattered light wavelength.
Through transmission channel
Section, light energy losses can be expressed as:
Integration gets:
Thereby from
The energy that section is coupled into receiving cable is:
This part energy is propagated along receiving cable R, through distance
The back arrives the photodetector place, is surveyed by photodetector, and this moment, energy became:
(4)
Formula (3) expression energy will arrive the photodetector place constantly at t, that is:
Formula (5) substitution (4) is got:
In the formula
Expression
Average power during this time, therefore:
Formula (7) is expressed as the luminous power that receives the function of time.By formula (5) as can be known, the difference of time corresponding again the difference of fiber position, this is the function of fiber position with regard to the luminous power that means photo-detector and detect, the luminous power at different fiber position l place all can be detected device and detects so.Along with l increases gradually, the spatially distributed measurement in fiber distribution temperature field to be measured.
The temperature signal demodulation method of Raman scattering is to utilize the back to the Raman scattering temperature effect: in the process that laser pulse is propagated in optical fiber with the optical fiber interaction of molecules, the scattering of various ways takes place, as Rayleigh (Rayleigh) scattering, Brillouin's (Brillouin) scattering and Raman (Raman) scattering etc., wherein Raman scattering is energy exchange takes place to produce owing to the thermal vibration of optical fiber molecule and photon interact, specifically, if a part of transform light energy becomes thermal vibration, to send a light longer so than optical source wavelength, be called Stokes light, if a part of thermal vibration is converted into luminous energy, to send a light shorter so, claim Anti.Stokes light than optical source wavelength.Raman diffused light is made up of the light of these two kinds of different wave lengths, and the skew of its wavelength is by the fixed attribute decision of optical fiber component, so the Raman scattering light intensity is relevant with temperature, shown in its relation formula (8) and the formula (9).
Stokes light
Anti-Stokes light
In the formula,
,
Be respectively Stokes and Anti.Stokes optical wavelength; H is a Planck's constant; C is the light velocity in the vacuum; K is a Boltzmann constant;
Be the skew wave number; T is an absolute temperature.
Influences such as loss for the instability of eliminating laser tube output, fibre-optical bending, joint, improve the thermometric accuracy, in system design, adopt binary channels dual wavelength method relatively, promptly Anti.Stokes light and Stokes light are gathered respectively, utilized the ratio demodulation temperature signal example of both intensity.Because Anti.Stokes light is more sensitive to temperature, thus with Anti.Stokes light as signalling channel, Stokes light is passage as a comparison, then strength ratio between the two as shown in Equation (10).
Can get formula (11) after the conversion.Promptly
For fixing temperature formula (12) is arranged.
Can get formula (13) by the calculating of two formulas.
This temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers adopts modular design, and total system can be divided into system light path part, system signal amplification and high-speed a/d Acquisition Circuit part, DSP signal processing.System light path partly utilizes the Raman scattering principle, the fiber-optic signal of high power narrow band laser emission enters sensor fibre by fiber amplifier, and fiber coupler fiber-optic signal that back scattering is returned filters and obtains Anti-Stokes light and Stokes then.Utilize the APD photoelectric switching circuit to carry out photoelectricity again and transform, carry out the A/D sampling then.
At last, utilize DSP to carry out Data Post, carry out the temperature compensation of measured value.The control procedure of compensation is as follows: the cum rights mean value that records temperature with native system, measure corresponding measurement current value according to each temperature spot, and under each temperature, obtain standard value with the canonical measure instrument and compare, set up each temperature spot and measure penalty coefficient between current value and the standard value; Under the rated current with reference to penalty coefficient such as following table 1:
| Temperature value (° C) | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
| Penalty coefficient | 0.9997 | 0.9998 | 1.0002 | 1.0003 | 1.0005 | 1.0009 |
Dsp processor obtains real-time temperature value and current value according to optical fiber temperature-measurement principle, and the controlled temperature value is tabled look-up, if temperature value belongs to the point value in the penalty coefficient table, then chooses corresponding penalty coefficient; Repay in the coefficient table between two adjacent point values if temperature value belongs to, then adopt method of interpolation to determine penalty coefficient, and penalty coefficient and current value are done product, the current value after being compensated.
Beneficial effect of the present invention mainly shows: can effectively measure temperature and carry out the measured value temperature compensation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of electronic type formula current transformer.
Fig. 2 is the optical time domain reflection schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the fundamental diagram of temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers light path part.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of long-pending fifo signal processing procedure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
With reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 4, a kind of electronic current mutual inductor fiber optic temperature compensator, described current transformer comprises the current measurement coil that is sleeved on the circuit to be measured and gets the energy coil, described current measurement coil connects the integration amplification module successively, an A/D modular converter and an E/O modular converter, a described E/O modular converter connects an O/E modular converter by optical fiber, a described O/E modular converter connects the current operator module, described current operator module connects synchronization control module, described synchronization control module connects the 2nd E/O modular converter, described the 2nd E/O modular converter connects the 2nd O/E modular converter by optical fiber, described the 2nd O/E modular converter connects described A/D modular converter, described getting can connect described suspended power supply by the anchor line (string) circle, and described suspended power supply connects described integration amplification module, an A/D modular converter and an E/O modular converter; Described fiber optic temperature compensator comprises semiconductor laser and wavelength division multiplexer, described semiconductor laser is connected with described wavelength division multiplexer, described wavelength division multiplexer is connected with optical fiber, the two-way rear orientation light channel interface of described wavelength division multiplexer connects photoelectric commutator respectively successively, connect in high-speed data acquisition card behind the amplifying circuit, described high-speed data acquisition card is connected with described current operator module, described current operator module comprises in order to calculate the current measurement submodule of current measurement value according to the current measurement coil signal, in order to temperature survey submodule according to the optical fiber temperature-measurement accounting temperature, and in order to obtain real-time temperature value according to optical fiber temperature-measurement principle, according to temperature and penalty coefficient corresponding tables, tabling look-up is compensated coefficient, the temperature compensation submodule of the current value after penalty coefficient and current value are done product and be compensated.
In described temperature compensation submodule,, then choose corresponding penalty coefficient if temperature value belongs to the point value in the penalty coefficient table; Repay in the coefficient table between two adjacent point values if temperature value belongs to, then adopt method of interpolation to determine penalty coefficient.
Described wavelength division multiplexer is the Raman scattering wavelength division multiplexer, and described semiconductor laser is a pulsed laser.
Electronic mutual inductor has two power supplys, one is on high-tension side suspended power supply, one is the semiconductor laser power supply of low-pressure side, these two power supplys are not worked simultaneously, on high-tension side suspended power supply is a primary power, and semiconductor laser power supply is a kind of the replenishing when on high-tension side suspended power supply can't satisfy job requirement only.Therefore be idle in the most of the time.
The temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers light path part produces the laser of narrowband light pulse by high-power semiconductor laser, is coupled on the sensor fibre by optical fiber splitter (3dB photo-coupler) after fiber amplifier carries out power ascension.In sensor fibre, will produce rear orientation light, thus the rear orientation light of returning again through optical fiber be coupled into along separate routes optical filter carry out filtering with separate obtain carrying temperature signal after to anti-Stokes Raman diffused light and back as with reference to signal to Rayleigh scattering light.By fiber coupler, two-way light is passed through anti-Stokes and Stokes optical filter respectively, enter different light paths and handle.Owing to also be mingled with other scattered light and stray light in the scattered light,, obtaining being close to pure Raman diffused light so need carry out certain bandpass filtering treatment to two-way light.Raman diffused light and then carry out opto-electronic conversion and amplification by APD (Avalanche Photodiode, avalanche photodide) obtains the effective voltage value of certain limit.At last, stick into capable analog to digital conversion by two high-speed a/ds respectively, thereby obtain digital signal, by computing machine digital signal is carried out signal Processing, analytical calculation again, finally obtain the temperature field information of corresponding point.Therefore, send light pulse after, at a high speed multi-point sampling is carried out to the Raman scattering signal in the back, just can obtain along fiber axis to the temperature field distribution, realized the whole process of distributed optical fiber temperature measurement.
High-speed data acquisition: in the temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers, spatial resolution is an important parameter, and it has determined the sampling rate of ADC.The transfer rate of laser pulse in sensor fibre is about 2 * 108m/s, realize the spatial resolution of 1m, and the ADC sampling rate will reach 100MSPS.In addition, because the clock correspondence that ADC samples in the optical fiber temperature-measurement the space length on the optical fiber, the skew on sampling clock frequency or the phase place promptly means the skew of measurement point position on the optical fiber.Therefore, for guaranteeing high spatial resolution and high space orientation accuracy, the sample circuit of system adopts the high-speed flow line formula ADC of monolithic binary channels 100MSPS synchronously anti-Stokes and Stokes signal to be carried out real-time sampling.Rely on high speed analog-to-digital conversion performance and the same response characteristic of ADC self to guarantee the reliable and stable and space orientation accuracy of spatial resolution, satisfy system requirements.
For the high-speed ADC device, want in time to read translation data, guarantee not lose, need high speed, reliable data transmission.The message transmission rate of the ADC of 8bit, a 100MSPS requires to reach 100Mb/s.In addition, the data acquisition of signal has intermittence in the temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers.Therefore, must the special data acquisition circuit of design.In the system, add high speed First Input First Output chip (FIFO) and carry out data buffering between ADC and DSP, ADC writes to the data of FIFO by programmable logic device (PLD) (CPLD) control, as shown in Figure 4.ADC externally under the clock control with certain speed sampling and output data, CPLD writes FIFO according to the synchronizing signal of laser pulse successively with the sampled data of each measurement point.After the sampled data of last measurement point writes FIFO, promptly stop to write, arrive, to guarantee the accuracy of data up to next laser pulse synchronizing signal.
Digital signal processing: because the Raman scattering signal is very faint, be submerged in fully in the noise, the distributed temperature measuring system need adopt Testing of Feeble Signals, extracts measured signal from noise.Because the principal ingredient of noise has the statistical property of zero-mean in the optical fiber temperature measurement system, can utilize the statistical property of noise to reach the purpose of noise reduction.Therefore, for improving signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), follow-up signal is handled the method that adopts digital averaging, the N point data that is about to one-shot measurement stores in the DSP internal storage location successively, with the N point data of measurement next time and the data addition of internal memory corresponding unit, put back to former internal storage location again, circulate M time successively, then each unit is asked average.
Write the N point data of at every turn measuring as vectorial form, then the i time measurement result can be represented by formula (14).
The digital averaging of M measurement result can be expressed as formula (7).
Each element (b of vectorial B in the formula (7)
1, b
2, b
3..., b
N) average of having represented each measurement point to measure for M time.If measured signal is a=S(t)+N(t), and S(t wherein) be actual measured signal, N(t) be variance is the noise of σ, then the digital averaging measured of M time of ordering of j can be represented by formula (16).
T is a sampling interval in the formula (16).The signal to noise ratio (snr) that can be got as the formula (17) by formula (16) concerns.
P in the formula (17)
s, P
NRepresent signal and noise power respectively with the variance definition.By formula (17) as can be known, after M numeral was average, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of sampled signal was greatly improved.Because to each b
jWith respect to a
IjAll satisfy formula (16), so the average sequence B is with respect to the single measurement sequence A
iAlso satisfy formula (16).Therefore, when M is enough big, sequence B can be estimated partially as a nothing of measured signal.
By above analysis as can be known, the method for employing digital averaging can improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of sampled signal greatly, extracts feeble signal effectively from noise.After obtaining sufficiently high anti-Stokes of signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and Stokes signal data, just can utilize DSP digital signal processing capability efficiently, carry out data processing and obtain temperature data.According to temperature the influence of electronic current mutual inductor measuring accuracy is revised.
Claims (3)
1. electronic current mutual inductor fiber optic temperature compensator, described current transformer comprises the current measurement coil that is sleeved on the circuit to be measured and gets the energy coil, described current measurement coil connects the integration amplification module successively, an A/D modular converter and an E/O modular converter, a described E/O modular converter connects an O/E modular converter by optical fiber, a described O/E modular converter connects the current operator module, described current operator module connects synchronization control module, described synchronization control module connects the 2nd E/O modular converter, described the 2nd E/O modular converter connects the 2nd O/E modular converter by optical fiber, described the 2nd O/E modular converter connects described A/D modular converter, described getting can connect described suspended power supply by the anchor line (string) circle, and described suspended power supply connects described integration amplification module, an A/D modular converter and an E/O modular converter; It is characterized in that: described fiber optic temperature compensator comprises semiconductor laser and wavelength division multiplexer, described semiconductor laser is connected with described wavelength division multiplexer, described wavelength division multiplexer is connected with optical fiber, the two-way rear orientation light channel interface of described wavelength division multiplexer connects photoelectric commutator respectively successively, connect in high-speed data acquisition card behind the amplifying circuit, described high-speed data acquisition card is connected with described current operator module, described current operator module comprises in order to calculate the current measurement submodule of current measurement value according to the current measurement coil signal, in order to temperature survey submodule according to the optical fiber temperature-measurement accounting temperature, and in order to obtain real-time temperature value according to optical fiber temperature-measurement principle, according to temperature and penalty coefficient corresponding tables, tabling look-up is compensated coefficient, the temperature compensation submodule of the current value after penalty coefficient and current value are done product and be compensated.
2. electronic current mutual inductor fiber optic temperature compensator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in described temperature compensation submodule, if temperature value belongs to the point value in the penalty coefficient table, then choose corresponding penalty coefficient; Repay in the coefficient table between two adjacent point values if temperature value belongs to, then adopt method of interpolation to determine penalty coefficient.
3. electronic current mutual inductor fiber optic temperature compensator as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described wavelength division multiplexer is the Raman scattering wavelength division multiplexer, and described semiconductor laser is a pulsed laser.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104122428A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-10-29 | 青岛科汇电气有限公司 | Electronic current transformer adopting optical fiber transmission analog signals |
| CN104122427A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-10-29 | 山东理工大学 | Analogue electric signal transmission method and analogue electric signal transmission device applied to current transformer |
| CN105388356A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-03-09 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Current measurement device |
| CN105807122A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-07-27 | 歌尔声学股份有限公司 | Noise suppression method used in micro-electro-mechanical product current acquisition process |
| CN111638480A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-08 | 广东省计量科学研究院（华南国家计量测试中心） | Current sensor calibration system and method based on temperature compensation |
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| CN112925363A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-08 | 上海北分科技股份有限公司 | Online temperature compensation method and system, controller and online temperature compensation device thereof |
| CN113568335A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-29 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Analog integration and self-calibration system and method for Rogowski coil current transformer |
| CN114217111A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-22 | 南京南瑞国盾量子技术有限公司 | Method for enhancing measurement precision of current transformer |
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| CN105807122A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-07-27 | 歌尔声学股份有限公司 | Noise suppression method used in micro-electro-mechanical product current acquisition process |
| CN112925363A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-08 | 上海北分科技股份有限公司 | Online temperature compensation method and system, controller and online temperature compensation device thereof |
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| CN111638480B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2022-10-11 | 广东省计量科学研究院（华南国家计量测试中心） | Current sensor calibration system and method based on temperature compensation |
| CN112462192A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | ADC frequency increasing system and method for aviation cable fault detection based on TDR technology |
| CN113568335A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-29 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Analog integration and self-calibration system and method for Rogowski coil current transformer |
| CN113568335B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2024-01-30 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Analog integration and self-calibration system and method for rogowski coil current transformer |
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