CN102680162B - Atmospheric pressure meter based on fiber bragg grating - Google Patents
Atmospheric pressure meter based on fiber bragg grating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an atmospheric pressure meter based on a fiber bragg grating, which comprises a vacuum membrane box, a fiber bragg grating, a tunable matching grating filter, a wideband light source, a light isolator, a Y-type fiber coupler, a photoelectric detector and a signal amplifying and processing system, wherein the fiber bragg grating is fastened on the surface of the vacuum membrane box through glue. In the invention, the information of wavelength drift is demodulated by using a matching grating demodulating method, therefore, the strain of the fiber bragg grating, namely the deformation degree of the vacuum membrane box, is solved, and finally, the atmospheric pressure value is obtained. Light wavelength is detected but the light power is not detected, and light wavelength information is not influenced by light power loss in a light transmission process, therefore, the atmospheric pressure meter has the advantages of higher detection precision, larger resolving property and smaller noise. The atmospheric pressure meter is high in sensitivity and strong in strain resolving property. Meanwhile, an optical fiber sensor has stronger capacities of resisting electromagnetic interference, vibration, dampness, corrosion and the like, so that the atmospheric pressure meter can be normally used in a serious environment for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of atmospheric pressure meter based on fiber grating, belong to technical field of optical fiber sensing.
Background technology
Sensor technology is one of important technology of modern surveying and automated system.In Aero-Space, air pressure is an important parameter, and rain glass can be calibrated a lot of other navigation instruments.Traditional rain glass can not meet in Aero-Space the needs for the anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) of burn-proof and explosion prevention of instrument completely, develop a kind of volume rain glass small and exquisite and that antijamming capability is strong become in the urgent need to.
Fiber grating is the photoelectron device growing up the nineties in 20th century, and through the development of more than 10 years, the manufacturing technology of fiber grating reached its maturity, and system applies is constantly expanded.Because the responsive variable parameter of fiber grating is light wavelength, compare with other Fibre Optical Sensors, it has the advantage of many uniquenesses, for example: on an optical fiber, can be connected in series a plurality of grating sensors or on an optical fiber a plurality of gratings in the same time, addressing separately; Anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong; Be not subject to the caused interference to intensity variation of factor such as light source, transmission line loss; Volume is little, can be placed in structure; Its measurement is absolute value, does not need school zero; Highly sensitive; Moisture resistant, resistance to corrosion are strong, can in rugged surroundings, use for a long time.
The patent of fiber grating survey air pressure aspect is less, existing Chinese patent CN102147311A " fiber grating air pressure sensor " has introduced and has utilized the airport of lateral opening grating to make fiber grating generation strain, thereby cause that reflection wavelength changes, thereby calculate air pressure around.But its complex structure, causes transverse strain to fiber grating, and sensitivity is low, from engineering application, do not carry out the design of whole sensor-based system and the realization of software and hardware.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, overcome existing technology limitation, fiber-optic grating sensor is introduced to barometric surveying field, a kind of scheme of matching type Fiber Bragg Grating FBG atmospheric pressure sensor-based system is provided, and this system has that accuracy of detection is high, highly sensitive, fast response time, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, shock resistance is good feature.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of atmospheric pressure meter based on fiber grating, comprising: aneroid capsule, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, tunable coupling grating filter, photodetector, y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism, optoisolator, ASE wideband light source and signal amplify and disposal system, wherein Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is fastened on aneroid capsule surface by glue, described ASE wideband light source, three dB bandwidth 30nm, described ASE wideband light source is connected with the A port of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism through optoisolator, the B port of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism is connected with tunable coupling grating filter, and the C port of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism is connected with Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, the light of described ASE wideband light source output passes through optoisolator, from the A port of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism, entering C port goes out, arrive Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, after the light that meets its raster center wavelength is reflected by Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, from C port, return to y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism again, the light of half is intercepted by optoisolator from port A outgoing, second half light is exported from B port, enter tunable coupling grating filter, light signal enters photodetector through its filtering is laggard, the entering signal amplification simultaneously of the electric signal of the voltage of tunable coupling grating filter and photodetector output is processed and is tried to achieve atmospheric value with disposal system.
Wherein Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is fastened on aneroid capsule surface by 502 glue, measures the deformation quantity of aneroid capsule by Fiber Bragg Grating FBG.
Described ASE wideband light source is ASE wideband light source, centre wavelength 1550nm, three dB bandwidth 30nm.
Described y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism is 3dB fiber coupler, and splitting ratio is 50:50.
Described tunable coupling grating filter will match with Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, and reflectivity, side mode suppression ratio, three dB bandwidth parameter are basically identical.
Described photodetector is semiconductor PIN type photodiode circuit.
Principle of the present invention is:
The present invention utilizes coupling grating demodulation to send out method, the information of demodulation wave length shift, thus try to achieve the strain size of fiber grating, the deformation degree of aneroid capsule, finally obtains atmospheric pressure value.What detect is optical wavelength but not luminous power, and optical wavelength information is not subject to the impact of optical power loss in optical transmission process, thereby accuracy of detection is higher, resolving power is larger, and noise is less.The present invention is highly sensitive, and strain resolving power is strong, and the anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) of Fibre Optical Sensor, anti-vibration, moisture resistant, anticorrosive etc. very capable, this cover system also can normally be used for a long time in rugged surroundings, and quality of the present invention is light, volume is little.
The present invention compares advantage with traditional rain glass and is:
1, fiber-optic grating sensor is pasted on air bellows surface, directly measures aneroid capsule due to the strain that air pressure change produces, and has omitted complicated mechanical transmission mechanism, from structure, has improved precision and sensitivity.
2, owing to having replaced the mechanical transmission mechanism of metal with Fibre Optical Sensor, improve barometrical anti-seismic performance and anti-electromagnetic interference performance, be applicable to the complex environment of Aerospace Engineering.
3, tunable fiber grating filter used with stick on fiber-optic grating sensor on bellows in same temperature field, because the centre wavelength drift that temperature produces is identical, the present invention can realize temperature compensation automatically.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of the atmospheric pressure meter based on fiber grating;
In figure, aneroid capsule 1, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FBG) 2, tunable coupling grating filter 3, ASE wideband light source 7, optoisolator 6, y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 5, photodetector 4, signal amplifies and disposal system 8.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, to understand better the present invention.Requiring particular attention is that, in the following description, when adopting the detailed description of known function and design perhaps can desalinate main contents of the present invention, these are described in here and will be left in the basket.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes: aneroid capsule 1, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FBG) 2, tunable coupling grating filter 3, ASE wideband light source 7, optoisolator 6, y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 5, photodetector 4, signal amplifies and disposal system 8; Wherein FBG 2 is fastened on aneroid capsule 1 surface by glue.Described ASE wideband light source 7, three dB bandwidth 30nm; ASE wideband light source 7 is connected with the A port of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 5 through optoisolator 6; The B port of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 5 is connected with tunable fiber grating 3, and the C port of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 5 is connected with FBG sensor; The light of ASE wideband light source 7 outputs is by optoisolator 6, from the A port of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 5, entering C port goes out, arrive FBG2, the light that meets raster center wavelength by FBG 2 reflections after, from C port, return to y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 5 again, the light of half is intercepted by optoisolator 6 from port A outgoing, second half light is exported from B port, enter tunable coupling grating filter 3, light signal enters photodetector 4 through its filtering is laggard, and the electric signal of the voltage of tunable coupling grating filter 3 and photodetector 4 outputs simultaneously entering signal processing module is processed.
Described wideband light source 7 is ASE(amplified spontaneous emission) wideband light source.Wideband light source is that to take gain media superfluorescence spectrum in doped fiber be basic light source, its driving source comes from the spontaneous radiation of excited atom completely, although there is no resonator mirror in fiber amplifier, these spontaneous radiations can not form laser beam, still, if the spontaneous radiation occurring in optical fiber can be along fiber optic conduction, spontaneous radiation just can be exaggerated, just produce a kind of ground unrest, become amplified spontaneous emission, thereby form ASE light source.The series of advantages such as it is easy to be coupled with grating sensing system, temperature stability is good, 3dB spectrum width is wide, pattern is good.The present invention's wideband light source 1 flatness in spectral range used is good, and three dB bandwidth is 30nm.
Described Y fiber coupler 5 is 3dB fiber coupler, and splitting ratio is 50:50.Light enters the rear B port that all do not enter from C port output of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 5 by isolator 6.And the light signal being returned by fiber-optic grating sensor 2 enters C port, be evenly divided into two bundles constant power.A branch of by tunable fiber Bragg grating filter 3, another bundle is isolated device and stops 6.Described tunable fiber Bragg grating filter 3, match with sensor fibre Bragg grating 2, and the parameters such as reflectivity, side mode suppression ratio, three dB bandwidth should be basically identical.Like this, as long as the centre wavelength of tunable fiber grating filter 3 makes it consistent with the centre wavelength of fiber-optic grating sensor 2, just minimum light signal can be detected at the input end of photodetector.
Photodetection circuit is converted into electric signal by light signal, is one of key of whole system performance height.Sensor-based system described in the present embodiment, light signal is from wideband light source 7 after a series of optical fibre channels, device, interface, and optical power loss is larger, and the luminous power that incides photodetector 4 is conventionally very low; The present embodiment requires again the photoelectric conversion of high-frequency high-precision.In the present embodiment, by semiconductor InGaAs PIN photodiode, carry out photoelectric conversion, it has, and biased electrical is forced down, frequency response is high, spectral response is wide, photoelectric transformation efficiency is high, the advantage such as good stability, noise are little.
Signal amplifies and disposal system 8, and the analog electrical signal after photoelectric conversion is converted into digital electric signal, and digitized electric signal enters primary processor and carries out operational analysis processing.Primary processor is generally comprised of the electron devices such as CPLD, FPGA or DSP and storer and the software program that writes.It is that those skilled in the art easily realizes according to actual needs that signal amplifies with the above-mentioned functions of disposal system 8, can utilize following relation to carry out analyzing and processing:
The pass of fiber grating reflection kernel wavelength and temperature and strain is: Δ λ/λ
b=(α
f+ ζ) Δ T+ (1-P
e) Δ ε, for the fiber grating matching demodulation device of this temperature self-compensation, the centre wavelength of fiber-optic grating sensor changes only relevant with its dependent variable, and formula can be reduced to: Δ λ=k Δ ε, k is 1.2pm/ μ ε.
The change of atmospheric pressure can cause the deformation of aneroid capsule, and the deformation of aneroid capsule 1 directly makes to paste superincumbent sensor fibre grating 2 and produces strain.From formula above, can find out, the variable quantity of fiber grating strain amount and centre wavelength can be regarded simple linear relationship as.Utilize deflection and the funtcional relationship between atmospheric pressure of sensor place aneroid capsule can try to achieve atmospheric value.
The present invention adopts transmission-type fiber grating filter method to carry out demodulation.Tunable coupling grating filter 3 is that a tunable optical fiber is with reference to grating, it is fixed on piezoelectric ceramics (PZT), piezoelectric ceramics is driven by linear voltage, thereby can carry out the resonance wavelength of reference optical fiber Bragg grating 3 tuningly, it is interval that the variation range of its wavelength can cover the wavelength variations of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FBG) 2.The voltage of tunable coupling grating filter 3 and wavelength relationship have definite relation after demarcating.In transmission-type structure, when the reflection wavelength of tunable coupling grating filter 3 and the reflection wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 2 coupling, there is minimum value in the light intensity that photodetector detects, thereby can measure the reflection wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 2, and then calculate the strain variation that Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 2 occurs.
Although above the illustrative embodiment of the present invention is described; so that the technician of this technology neck understands the present invention; but should be clear; the invention is not restricted to the scope of embodiment; to those skilled in the art; as long as various variations appended claim limit and definite the spirit and scope of the present invention in, these variations are apparent, all utilize innovation and creation that the present invention conceives all at the row of protection.
Claims (1)
1. the atmospheric pressure meter based on fiber grating, it is characterized in that comprising: aneroid capsule (1), Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (2), tunable coupling grating filter (3), photodetector (4), y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism (5), optoisolator (6), ASE wideband light source (7) and signal amplify and disposal system (8), wherein Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (2) is fastened on aneroid capsule surface by glue, described ASE wideband light source (7), three dB bandwidth 30nm, described ASE wideband light source (7) is connected with the A port of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism (5) through optoisolator (6), the B port of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism (5) is connected with tunable coupling grating filter (3), and the C port of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism (5) is connected with Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (2), the light of described ASE wideband light source (7) output is by optoisolator (6), from the A port of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism (5), entering C port goes out, arrive Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (2), the light that meets its raster center wavelength by Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (2) reflection after, from C port, return to y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism (5) again, the light of half is intercepted by optoisolator (6) from port A outgoing, second half light is exported from B port, enter tunable coupling grating filter (3), light signal enters photodetector (4) through its filtering is laggard, the entering signal amplification simultaneously of the electric signal of the voltage of tunable coupling grating filter (3) and photodetector (4) output is processed and is tried to achieve atmospheric value with disposal system (8),
Wherein Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (2) is fastened on aneroid capsule (1) surface by 502 glue, measures the deformation quantity of aneroid capsule (1) by Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (2);
Described ASE wideband light source (7) is ASE wideband light source, centre wavelength 1550nm, three dB bandwidth 30nm;
Described y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism (5) is 3dB fiber coupler, and splitting ratio is 50:50;
Described tunable coupling grating filter (3) will match with Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (2), and reflectivity, side mode suppression ratio, three dB bandwidth parameter are basically identical;
Described photodetector (4) is semiconductor PIN type photodiode circuit;
The centre wavelength change of being somebody's turn to do the atmospheric pressure meter based on fiber grating is only relevant with its dependent variable, and formula can be reduced to: Δ λ=k Δ ε, k is 1.2pm/ μ ε.
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| CN106225965B (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-12-21 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of micro high sensitivity optical fiber interference type pressure sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN106225984A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-14 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | The control method of atmospheric pressure measurement device based on temperature-compensating |
| CN115683443B (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-09-19 | 北京精诚恒创科技有限公司 | Pressure sensor based on fiber bragg grating and pressure detection method |
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| CN201177542Y (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2009-01-07 | 南京信息工程大学 | Double channel optical fiber air pressure sensor |
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| CN101614607A (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2009-12-30 | 武汉光子科技有限公司 | Optical fiber F-P pressure sensor and pressure liquid level sensing device thereof |
| CN101789164A (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2010-07-28 | 钱洪卫 | Manual fire alarm device |
| CN201955081U (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2011-08-31 | 西安金和光学科技有限公司 | Optical fiber type pneumatic height detecting device |
| CN202066479U (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-12-07 | 赵恩国 | Linear fiber bragg grating displacement meter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070189359A1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2007-08-16 | Wei Chen | Nanoparticle thermometry and pressure sensors |
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Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5055692A (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1991-10-08 | The Titan Corporation | System for measuring ambient pressure and temperature |
| CN101441173A (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-27 | 重庆川仪总厂有限公司 | Laser absorption spectrum trace amount gas analysis method and apparatus using the same |
| CN201177542Y (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2009-01-07 | 南京信息工程大学 | Double channel optical fiber air pressure sensor |
| CN101789164A (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2010-07-28 | 钱洪卫 | Manual fire alarm device |
| CN101614607A (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2009-12-30 | 武汉光子科技有限公司 | Optical fiber F-P pressure sensor and pressure liquid level sensing device thereof |
| CN201955081U (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2011-08-31 | 西安金和光学科技有限公司 | Optical fiber type pneumatic height detecting device |
| CN202066479U (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-12-07 | 赵恩国 | Linear fiber bragg grating displacement meter |
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