CN102070158A - Method and system for recycling compost volatile ammonia - Google Patents
Method and system for recycling compost volatile ammonia Download PDFInfo
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- CN102070158A CN102070158A CN2010105296969A CN201010529696A CN102070158A CN 102070158 A CN102070158 A CN 102070158A CN 2010105296969 A CN2010105296969 A CN 2010105296969A CN 201010529696 A CN201010529696 A CN 201010529696A CN 102070158 A CN102070158 A CN 102070158A
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- compost
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and system for recycling compost volatile ammonia. In the invention, calcium superphosphate used as an adsorbent is used for adsorbing ammonia volatilized by compost in different positions; the calcium superphosphate is arranged outside a compost body; and ammonia generated in the aerobic composting process is in contact with the calcium superphosphate after being volatilized so as to realize the recycling of compost volatile ammonia. The invention also discloses a system for realizing the method disclosed by the invention. The invention can be popularized and applied to the deodorization of aerobic compost of livestock manure, household garbage and sewage sludge and the recycling of volatile ammonia and has the advantages of flexible use, high recovery efficiency, low cost investment, portable resource utilization of adsorbent and recycled ammonia, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to organic solid waste recycling field, relate in particular to a kind of novel method that the ammonia that volatilizes in the low ratio of carbon to ammonium organic waste material aerobic composting process is recycled.The present invention can be applied to the recycling of fowl and animal excrement, domestic refuse and sewage sludge aerobic compost deodorizing and volatilization ammonia.
Background technology
Aerobic compost is the main method of organic solid waste resource utilization, and the composting production of formation is rich in soil ulmin and certain nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), can be used as good soil conditioner and organic fertilizer.
But, the lower organic materials of carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) as: fowl and animal excrements such as chicken manure, sewage sludge, rubbish from cooking etc. have a large amount of nitrogen losses, wherein evaporable ammonia (NH in aerobic composting process
3) having accounted for 46.8%～77.4% of total nitrogen loss, nitrogen is the required maximum element of plant nutrition, ammonia volatilization in a large number can directly cause the reduction of nitrogen content in the composting production, and then influences compost quality, reduces its agricultural use and is worth; Simultaneously, NH
3Be the main component of the foul smell of arranging in the catalytic specie of acid rain and the compost, a large amount of ammonia volatilization meetings pollute to air ambient.Therefore, volatilization loss how to control ammonia in the aerobic compost is the focus of research both at home and abroad always.
The volatilization of control ammonia at present mainly contains three kinds of modes: the one, and add the high-carbon content compost material and improve carbon-nitrogen ratio; The 2nd, add the amendment that can suppress ammonia volatilization; The 3rd, the ammonia that utilizes sorbing material absorption to discharge.Calcium superphosphate can form ammonium phosphate with ammonia react owing to contain free phosphoric acid, has effect preferably as amendment aspect the control ammonia volatilization, and calcium superphosphate is a large amount of chemical phosphatic ferfilizers that use on agricultural, obtain easily, the adding back utilizes purpose also more consistent with compost, has stronger practicality, but calcium superphosphate as amendment add into original compost material need with the material thorough mixing, it is relatively poor to mix bad then effect, often need to increase bigger manpower or material resources input for extensive compost, simultaneously, even thorough mixing still can not suppress the volatilization of ammonia fully, therefore how utilizing the nitrogen loss of the more effective control compost of calcium superphosphate is problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is at the problems referred to above, provide a kind of new method of utilizing calcium superphosphate control aerobic compost nitrogen loss: calcium superphosphate is absorbed fixed ammonia as absorbing material, promptly not being re-used as additive mixes with compost material, but as for outside the compost material, utilize the sorption of free phosphoric acid to reclaim the ammonia of the gaseous form that fixing compost material volatilizes, the calcium superphosphate that has absorbed ammonia can also use as phosphate fertilizer separately, and ammonium phosphate wherein also can be used as effective ammonium fertilizer simultaneously.
Another object of the present invention provides the system that realizes described absorption absorption method.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The novel method of the recycling of a kind of compost volatilization ammonia is provided, and is that calcium superphosphate is placed outside the compost heap body, utilizes the calcium superphosphate dystopy to absorb the ammonia that volatilizes in the composting process and recycles.
The present invention has found out the efficient recovery fixing means of calcium superphosphate to aerobic compost volatilization ammonia by lot of experiments, according to the difference of aerobic compost scale or mode, and the recovery method difference.
The on a small scale artificial simple and easy composting mode of turning, can be in gas permeable materials such as Polywoven Bag with the calcium superphosphate splendid attire, be covered in uniformly around the heap body, environmental sealing is firmly piled body fully, the calcium superphosphate consumption is greater than 10% of heap body weight, The more the better, to guarantee that the ammonia that is trapped all is by due to the sorption of free phosphoric acid, more stable.
The quiet heap aerobic compost of fairly large ventilation mode, at first with the compost heap body as in the relative enclosed space, draw air in closed space, the air of being drawn is fed in the absorption unit that calcium superphosphate is housed reclaims; The gross weight of employed calcium superphosphate is 5～10% of the heap body weight.
Above-mentioned calcium superphosphate refers to the common any general chemistry single superphosphate fertilizer in market.
Above-mentioned compost is that carbon-nitrogen ratio is lower than 25 organic castoff compost material.Refer in particular to chicken manure, pig manure, sewage sludge or the surplus rubbish of cupboard etc.
At the quiet heap aerobic compost of described fairly large ventilation mode, the present invention provides the system of novel method of the recycling of a kind of compost volatilization ammonia simultaneously, comprises air-blast device, airtight relatively composting device, the absorption unit of calcium superphosphate is housed; The bottom and the top of described airtight relatively composting device are respectively equipped with blast inlet and air outlet, described blast inlet is connected with air-blast device by vent-pipe, described air outlet is connected with the inlet mouth of calcium superphosphate absorption unit bottom, and the air after remove ammonia by airway at described calcium superphosphate absorption unit top is discharged.
The preferred column adsorption tower of absorption unit of calcium superphosphate is housed, and the adsorption tower useful volume is slightly larger than the volume of the calcium superphosphate of splendid attire, and aspect ratio is approximately about 10.The present invention adopts gas blower air blast air bleed in the relative encloses container that compost is housed.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Often use sorbing materials such as ripe compost material or zeolite to prevent that ammonia from volatilizing to atmosphere at present for extensive compost, mainly be by the fixing ammonia of adsorption, ammonia was very easy to volatilization once more under the desorb when the ripe compost material that has adsorbed ammonia was deposited in air, dedicated suction enclosure materials such as zeolite then be ammonia absorption saturated after artificially with its desorb volatilization, the ammonia that is adsorbed under this dual mode all can not be re-used as in the agriculture production that nitrogenous fertilizer is utilized effectively.
Significantly different with prior art, the present invention has fundamentally changed the use thinking of calcium superphosphate as control compost nitrogen loss (ammonia volatilization), calcium superphosphate is not re-used as additive to be mixed with compost material, but as for outside the compost material, utilize the sorption of calcium superphosphate can make the ammonia stable existence that is trapped, be difficult for desorb, ammonium phosphate wherein also can be used as effective ammonium fertilizer simultaneously, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage quantity is saved in the certain nitrogenous fertilizer effect of performance when using as phosphate fertilizer along with calcium superphosphate.Therefore the present invention both realized compost volatilization ammonia recycling, avoided environmental pollution, prevented the compost nitrogen loss generally, avoided again calcium superphosphate added and wanted input bigger manpower of material thorough mixing or material resources in the compost, have use flexibly, organic efficiency is high, recycling, cost drop into remarkable advantages such as little easily after reclaiming.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 utilizes the Experimental equipment of filling calcium superphosphate adsorption column absorption compost volatilization ammonia.
The controlled trial setting drawing that Fig. 2 does not use adsorption tower that compost volatilization ammonia is adsorbed
Embodiment
Below further specify technical scheme of the present invention by specific embodiment.
80kg freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement (C/N:15) is dried to water ratio 65% (about 65kg), bank up into the heap body of 0.8m * 0.8m * 0.8m, pile in the ventilation.With calcium superphosphate 7kg, be loaded in the thin nylon cloth bag of breathable, evenly be tiled in around the heap body.Windrow turning in per 5 days once, evenly get compost sample 50g with five-spot during each turning and calcium superphosphate 2g measures nitrogen content, the compost time is 50 days, when final compost finishes in the chicken manure loss amount of nitrogen be 336 grams, calcium superphosphate absorbs about fixed ammonia nitrogen 100 grams.
The system of novel method of the recycling of a kind of compost volatilization ammonia is provided, sees shown in the accompanying drawing 1, comprise air-blast device 7, airtight relatively composting device 1, the absorption unit 3 that calcium superphosphate is housed and residual air absorption unit 5 and 6; The bottom and the top of described airtight relatively composting device 1 are respectively equipped with blast inlet 10 and air outlet 11, and described blast inlet 10 is connected with air-blast device 7 by vent-pipe 9, and described air outlet 11 is connected with the inlet mouth 12 of calcium superphosphate absorption unit 3 bottoms.Described calcium superphosphate absorption unit adopts the column absorption tower.Described calcium superphosphate absorption unit 3 tops are provided with airway 4 and discharge residual air.In order to verify whether the ammonia that volatilizes is absorbed fully, and present embodiment is connected with residual air absorption unit 5 airway 4 with 6.
Under meter 8 is set between gas blower and vent-pipe regulates tolerance.
The experimental installation that adopts is with embodiment 2, as shown in Figure 1.Hold the mixing windrow of 6kg chicken manure+straw in the static compost bucket, regulating the C/N ratio that mixes windrow by the ratio of control chicken manure and straw is 25, and the adjusting water ratio is about 65%.Adopt force ventilated mode in the gas blower air blast of composter barrel bottom, the 3h that respectively ventilates of upper and lower noon, first two weeks rate of venting is fixed as 0.5m continuously
3/ (minm
3), later rate of venting is 0.25m
3/ (minm
3).Composter barrel top is with lid sealing, and connecing aspect ratio by airway is 9.9 adsorption tower.Adsorption tower is filled with 0.5kg calcium superphosphate, keeps the porosity uniformity of calcium superphosphate wherein.Absorb in the 400mL boric acid solution of the end of adsorption tower with two bottles of droppings of airway access methyl red-tetrabromo-mcresolsulfonphthalein indicator and be not adsorbed the ammonia that tower absorbs.
Other establishes a device and is comparison device, and as shown in Figure 2, in the accompanying drawing 2,6 is gas blower, and 7 is under meter, and 8 is vent-pipe, and 1 is composter barrel, and 2 is compost, and 3 is airway, and 4 and 5 is the residual air absorption unit.The composter barrel outlet side does not connect adsorption tower, and directly with evaporable ammonia in the boric acid solution absorption composter barrel in contrast, miscellaneous part is identical with accompanying drawing 1 shown device.
After the experiment beginning, reach capacity, at this moment, should change the absorption liquid that color becomes indigo plant with volume in good time if the absorption liquid color in second absorption bottle becomes the blue ammonia that illustrates that then first absorption bottle absorbs, and with the 1/2H of 0.1mol/L
2SO
4Absorption liquid under the solution titration is changed is measured the ammonia amount that absorption liquid absorbs.Experiment finished when the color of the absorption liquid of two groups of devices no longer became indigo plant.Calculate the ammonia total amount that absorption liquid absorbs, experimental result shows, the ammonia total amount that absorption liquid absorbs in accompanying drawing 2 comparison devices is 7.24g, and the absorption liquid of experimental installation shown in the accompanying drawing 1 of connection adsorption tower does not become blueness in whole composting process, the ammonia that absorbs is 0, and promptly the calcium superphosphate in the adsorption tower 100% has adsorbed the ammonia that windrow discharges.
To absorb the calcium superphosphate of ammonia among the embodiment 3 as phosphate fertilizer, in Agricultural University Of South China's heliogreenhouse, utilize the farm vegetable garden soil with potted plant form plantation Plantula Brassicae chinensis, every potted plant kind 2 class dish seedlings, plant 6 basins altogether, contrast as phosphate fertilizer with the peroxophosphoric acid that does not absorb ammonia in addition, the same manner is planted 6 basin Plantula Brassicae chinensiss, handle equal restock for two kinds and apply urea and potash fertilizer, make to apply in every basin to such an extent that the amount of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is: N:800mg/ basin (processing that wherein absorbs ammonia calcium superphosphate wherein ammonia nitrogen as a part of nitrogenous fertilizer); The P2O5:320mg/ basin; The K2O:600mg/ basin waters at regular time and quantity, catches worm, results after 1 month, the title biomass is routed up in the whole strain of Plantula Brassicae chinensis, and oven dry claims dry weight, and survey its N-P-K content, the gained data are carried out statistical treatment, and the result shows that Plantula Brassicae chinensis biomass and N-P-K content do not have marked difference under two kinds of processing modes, its p fertilizer efficiency of calcium superphosphate that has promptly absorbed ammonia is uninfluenced, and ammonia nitrogen has wherein also played the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer simultaneously.
Claims (9)
1. the recoverying and utilizing method of a compost volatilization ammonia is characterized in that it being to utilize calcium superphosphate to absorb as the sorbent material dystopy or adsorb the ammonia that volatilizes in the composting process to recycle.
2. according to the recoverying and utilizing method of the described compost of claim 1 volatilization ammonia, it is characterized in that be with the calcium superphosphate splendid attire in venting bags, described venting bags is covered in the also complete environmental sealing of compost heap body equably on every side firmly piles body, the calcium superphosphate gross weight of use accounts for 10% of compost weight at least.
3. according to the recoverying and utilizing method of the described compost of claim 1 volatilization ammonia, it is characterized in that it being as in the relative enclosed space with the compost heap body, draw air in closed space, the air of being drawn is fed in the absorption unit that calcium superphosphate is housed adsorb recycling; The gross weight of employed calcium superphosphate is 5～10% of the heap body weight.
4. according to the novel method of the recycling of claim 1,2 or 3 described compost volatilization ammonia, it is characterized in that described calcium superphosphate is single superphosphate fertilizer.
5. according to the recoverying and utilizing method of claim 1,2 or 3 described compost volatilization ammonia, it is characterized in that described compost is that carbon-nitrogen ratio is lower than 25 organic castoff compost material.
6. according to the recoverying and utilizing method of the described compost volatilization of claim 5 ammonia, it is characterized in that described organic castoff compost material is the surplus rubbish of chicken manure, pig manure, sewage sludge or cupboard.
7. a system that realizes the recoverying and utilizing method of claim 1 or 3 described compost volatilization ammonia is characterized in that comprising air-blast device, airtight relatively composting device, the absorption unit that calcium superphosphate is housed and residual air absorption unit; The bottom and the top of described airtight relatively composting device are respectively equipped with blast inlet and air outlet, and described blast inlet is connected with air-blast device by vent-pipe, and described air outlet is connected with the inlet mouth of calcium superphosphate absorption unit bottom.
8. system according to claim 7 is characterized in that the described absorption unit that calcium superphosphate is housed is the column absorption tower.
9. system according to claim 8, the aspect ratio that it is characterized in that described column absorption tower is 10; Described column absorption tower useful volume is slightly larger than the volume of the calcium superphosphate of splendid attire.
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| CN2010105296969A CN102070158A (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2010-10-29 | Method and system for recycling compost volatile ammonia |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103483043A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-01-01 | 昆明红云化工生产有限公司 | Ammoniated single superphosphate |
| CN104258440A (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2015-01-07 | 随州新欣农业有限公司 | Biological deodorant and preparation method thereof |
| CN104390960A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-04 | 华南农业大学 | Dynamic box-type device and method for determining ammonia gas in aerobic composting |
| CN105622189A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-01 | 四川大学 | Method for carrying out compost deodorization and producing high nitrogen content organic fertilizer by using composting reactor |
| CN106007998A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method for reducing nitrogen loss of compost |
| CN106518216A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-22 | 南昌大学 | A preparing method of a long-acting organic fertilizer |
| CN110530757A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-12-03 | 西北农林科技大学 | The method and device thereof of Ammonia valatilization amount in a kind of measurement Animal fecal pollution |
| CN113135781A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Efficient composting and nitrogen-preserving method for mixed fermentation of straw, kitchen waste and excrement and compost processor |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103483043A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-01-01 | 昆明红云化工生产有限公司 | Ammoniated single superphosphate |
| CN104258440A (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2015-01-07 | 随州新欣农业有限公司 | Biological deodorant and preparation method thereof |
| CN104258440B (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2017-05-03 | 武汉轻工大学 | Biological deodorant and preparation method thereof |
| CN104390960A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-04 | 华南农业大学 | Dynamic box-type device and method for determining ammonia gas in aerobic composting |
| CN105622189A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-01 | 四川大学 | Method for carrying out compost deodorization and producing high nitrogen content organic fertilizer by using composting reactor |
| CN105622189B (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2020-04-07 | 四川大学 | Method for deodorizing compost and producing high-nitrogen-content organic fertilizer by using compost reactor |
| CN106007998A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method for reducing nitrogen loss of compost |
| CN106518216A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-22 | 南昌大学 | A preparing method of a long-acting organic fertilizer |
| CN110530757A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-12-03 | 西北农林科技大学 | The method and device thereof of Ammonia valatilization amount in a kind of measurement Animal fecal pollution |
| CN113135781A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Efficient composting and nitrogen-preserving method for mixed fermentation of straw, kitchen waste and excrement and compost processor |
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Application publication date: 20110525 |