CN102065272A - Acoustic image integrated wild bird recognition technology-based remote wireless monitoring system - Google Patents
Acoustic image integrated wild bird recognition technology-based remote wireless monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an acoustic image integrated wild bird recognition technology-based remote wireless monitoring system, which is used for remote ecological monitoring. The system comprises a twitter recording module, a video recording module, an audio and video data processing module, an audio and video stream transmission module and an audio and video digital document storage module, wherein the twitter recording module records the twitter of wild birds and converts the recorded twitter into digital signals by sampling and quantification; and the video recording module records images of an ecological environment mainly by a camera, and converts the recorded images into the digital signals by sampling and quantification. The system overcomes the technical shortcomings of low monitoring accuracy and ecological change rapid-reflecting incapability of remote sensing technology, and makes breakthroughs at the technical bottlenecks of high-bandwidth remote monitoring in a wild environment unsuitable for wiring. For example, the system can be used for the ecological monitoring in a special environment such as the Poyang lake wetland.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ecological monitoring technical field, particularly relate to a kind of remote wireless monitoring system based on the integrated wild birds recognition technology of acoustic image.
Background technology
The wetland that the title of " kidney of the earth " is arranged, its importance for ecological environmental protection and utilization receives increasing concern.For example, the Poyang Lake wetland is China's first fresh water lake ecological wetland, be Jiangxi Poyang Lake District vegetation, the hydrology, birds and ecosphere protection for the monitoring of Poyang Lake wetland, and blood fluke is followed the tracks of the basis of statistics.Existing Poyang Lake ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING generally adopts remote sensing techniques, and uses the multi-source remote sensing image data to obtain the large scale biological environment information of lake region, in conjunction with open-air on-site inspection sampling, is aided with data over the years, obtains all kinds of Wetland ecological information.Remote sensing technology is used towards the large scale space, is suitable for regional statistical information and collects, and is not suitable for part, small scale, observation requirements that precision is high; And, therefore can't realize Continuous Observation because remote sensing satellite generally appears at respective regions in certain set time section, for example in Wenchuan earthquake, adopting remote sensing techniques to search the accident rescue aircraft at short notice.
Flourish along with wireless technology, wireless network provides new method and technical support for the small scale high accuracy continuous monitoring of Wetland ecological environment.
Long-distance wireless monitoring is suitable for ecological monitoring, for example is suitable for Poyang Lake wetland environment, and the use of long-distance wireless monitoring can not only reduce the manpower work of open-air on-site inspection sampling, obtains wild environment Continuous Observation data, as the checking of remote sensing information with replenish; And can under low-cost situation,, for example carry out the high-precision long-range ecological monitoring of small scale to the Poyang Lake District wetland at the local monitor demand.At present, the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Region is just being puted forth effort to build by Jiangxi Province, and the Poyang Lake protection zone gross area is 22400 hectares, and the Wetland ecological economic worth in 1 year is about 1,500 hundred million yuan.The construction of the ecological economy must be based on good biological environment, when biological environment changes, and the information of need obtaining the in time line trace of going forward side by side, the monitoring in large scale space shows can not satisfy the requirement of catching the Wetland ecological change information quickly and accurately.
To long-distance video Research of Monitor System and exploitation based on wireless transmission, can realize from simple dependence remote sensing technology to multiple dimensioned various visual angles high precision monitor, from artificial sample to the automatic remote Continuous Observation, from wire transmission to the wireless transmission, great-leap-forward development from simple data acquisition to the many information gatherings of audio frequency and video, promote construction and development, also provide new thinking for biological environment and ecological economy research based on statistics as each Ecological Economic Region such as Poyang Lakes.
At present, the technology of domestic relevant small scale high accuracy ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING aspect mainly is divided three classes.The first kind is based on the Zigbee technology, will be transferred to the base station by wireless mode by the Ecological Parameter that transducer obtains and handles.This mode energy consumption is lower, but transmission range is near, and bandwidth is little, can not handle audio, video data.Second class is based on microwave technology, and Ecological Parameter is transferred to the base station by wireless mode.This mode transmission range is far away, but bandwidth is little, can not carry out the video monitoring.The 3rd class is by GPRS GRPS multiple ecological monitoring information to be carried out remote transmission.Though mobile service can cover whole Poyang Lake lake surface, the shortcoming of this mode also is that bandwidth is little, can not carry out the video monitoring.At present, adopt the long distance wireless mode to carry out the example of video monitor though also have in the important Nature Reserve, stability and reliability all have much room for improvement.
Abroad, the long-range ecological monitoring of the high bandwidth under the wild environment generally belongs to multi-load platform Research on sensor networks category, and its node price is higher.
Summary of the invention
Finish the present invention for addressing the above problem, the present invention can adopt following technical scheme.
A kind of remote wireless monitoring system based on the integrated wild birds recognition technology of acoustic image, it is used for long-range ecological monitoring, described remote wireless monitoring system comprises that song records module, video record module, audio, video data processing module, audio/video flow transport module and audio frequency and video digital document memory module
Described song is recorded the sound that module is recorded open-air birds, and the song of recording is converted into digital signal by sampling, quantification; Described video record module is mainly recorded the image of biological environment by camera, the image of recording is converted into digital signal by sampling, quantification; Described audio, video data processing module is carried out combined coding with audio frequency and video; The data flow of described data transmission module after with combined coding is transferred to the observation station by wireless mode; Described file storage module is stored in the data flow that receives in the observation station server with document form.
Described remote wireless monitoring system based on the integrated wild birds recognition technology of acoustic image can also comprise display control module, and described display control module shows the audio frequency and video situation that is observed a little in real time in client.
Preferably, described remote wireless monitoring system based on the integrated wild birds recognition technology of acoustic image can adopt the embedded-development environment of low-power consumption, small size.
Preferably, described song is recorded module and is adopted the formula of body in level capacitor microphone, and the Hz-KHz of microphone should be 20Hz～20KHz, and sample frequency is more than the 40KHz.
Preferably, described audio/video flow transport module is on 802.11g protocol code basis, improve the CSMA/CA mechanism of WiFi, adapting to the wireless transmission of long distance, and adopt respectively orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multiple access, frequency-division and time-division multiple access in conjunction with two kinds of mechanism as the Radio Link access-control protocol.
Preferably, the wireless high-power network interface card based on the Athros chip of customization is adopted in described audio/video flow transmission, adopt cubical antenna, test in a plurality of occasions respectively, adjust protocol parameter and antenna according to the test result of bandwidth, audio frequency and video transmission readability.
Preferably, described audio, video data processing module comprises the moving target extraction module based on the wireless audio and video network, is used to realize the moving target dynamic tracking of video data.
Preferably, in the processing procedure of described audio, video data processing module, at first adopt the mixed Gaussian background model to carry out background modeling, detect prospect again, with the morphologic filtering method prospect is carried out denoising again, then with being communicated with district's target-marking, carry out predicting tracing with Kalman filtering again, wherein, before front end obtains video data, video camera to described video record module is demarcated, and will come the target location is rebuild with calibrating parameters and tracking results.
Preferably, described audio, video data processing module comprises bird sound identification module, is used for bird sound and discerns automatically, and then discern the kind of bird automatically, and mode identification method is adopted in its recognition methods.
Preferably, described recognition methods is as follows:
At first utilize the K averaging method to obtain the energy segmentation threshold of signal and noise, audio file is cut apart, bird part branch is extracted according to this threshold value;
Then each bird sound is extracted feature, and with this feature of Mel cepstrum coefficient characteristic present;
The feature that extracts is used to train gauss hybrid models, the final kind of utilizing the model that trains to discern bird sound.
The present invention has remedied the technological deficiency that the telemetry monitoring accuracy is not high, can not reflect Ecological Changes fast, has broken through the high bandwidth remote monitoring technical bottleneck under the wild environment that is not suitable for connecting up.
This present invention is at the pluses and minuses of three type systematics in the background technology, research and development has high bandwidth and (can not only transmit data, and can transmitting multimedia stream), the acoustic image integrated wireless monitoring system of remote (2 kilometers and more than), for example can be used for the ecological monitoring under this particular surroundings of Poyang Lake wetland.
The present invention can reduce the node hardware cost greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system framework figure according to the remote wireless monitoring system of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the module realization flow figure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the moving target 3 D video trace flow figure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B illustrate respectively according to original image of an embodiment of the invention and picture after treatment.
Fig. 5 illustrates the realization flow figure according to the bird sound identification module of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 A illustrates the bird sound frequency file to be identified according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 B illustrates according to the bird sound frequency file after the identification of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 illustrates the human-computer interaction interface according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings, detailed description is used to implement exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
The present invention mainly comprises two parts.The one, hardware, an integrated cover is applicable to the terrestrial wireless sensor network hardware and the experiment porch of wetlands ecosystems acoustic image continuous monitoring.The one, software, exploitation one cover is based on the software of above-mentioned network control and information gathering, processing muskeg, wild birds, domestic animal and water condition.
One, hardware components
1, system framework
Referring to Fig. 1, remote wireless monitoring system of the present invention comprises that mainly the birds song records module 11, birds video record module 12, audio, video data processing module 13, audio/video flow transport module 14, audio frequency and video digital document memory module 15.Certainly, this system can also comprise display control module 16.
Song is recorded module 11 main sound by the open-air birds of microphone records, and the song of recording (analog signal) is converted into digital signal by sampling, quantification; Video record module 12 is mainly recorded the image of biological environment (grass, birds, snail) by camera, the image of recording is converted into digital signal by sampling, quantification; Audio, video data processing module 13 is carried out combined coding with audio frequency and video; Data transmission module 14 is transferred to the observation station with the data flow behind the combined coding by wireless mode; File storage module 15 is stored in the data flow that receives in the observation station server with document form; Display control module 16 shows the audio frequency and video situation that is observed a little in real time in client.
2, hardware platform brief introduction
System applies of the present invention is fit to adopt the embedded-development environment of low-power consumption, small size under wild environment.Since need be to the wireless transmission of long distance High-speed high bandwidth and the support of audio/video flow, therefore preferred the employing carried out the embedded hardware platform development based on Atheros AR7100 chip, and this family chip is supported the wireless application of the audio/video flow of high bandwidth.Exploitation simultaneously has audio interface, video interface, fast wireless network interface (PCI wireless network card interface), Ethernet interface and hi-speed USB interface etc.
3, audio-video collection and processing
Open-air song collection is sound clarity, small volume and less weight, low-power consumption (as far as possible without feed power supply) to the requirement of microphone.According to above requirement, preferably, can select the formula of body in level capacitor microphone, this microphone has adopted the material of body in level microphone vibrating diaphragm electrode, does not need to add polarizing voltage and gets final product work, simplifies the structure, it is highly sensitive also to have capacitor microphone simultaneously, and frequency response is good, the characteristics that tonequality is good.According to the frequency characteristics of birds song, the Hz-KHz of microphone should be 20Hz～20KHz.
According to the characteristics and the existing documents and materials of birds song, the highest audio of birds song is fm=20KHz, and according to nyquist sampling theorem, sample frequency fc is:
fc≥2fm
Therefore, sample frequency is at least 40KHz, promptly can select the highest sample frequency to be at least the DA sampling A of 44.1KHz.Because important birds identification basis during the birds song, so audio-frequency unit does not compress.
Since less demanding to the definition of video record, can compare a high proportion of compression.But the video monitor scope is wide, therefore needs to adopt sighting distance camera far away.
4, the exploitation of wireless transmission protocol
On the former 802.11g protocol code basis of developing, improve the CSMA/CA mechanism of WiFi, to adapt to the wireless transmission of long distance.Adopt respectively orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multiple access, frequency-division and time-division multiple access in conjunction with two kinds of mechanism as the Radio Link access-control protocol.
5, grow the exploitation of Distance Transmission agreement
Adopt the wireless high-power network interface card based on the Athros chip of customization, adopt cubical antenna, test in a plurality of occasions respectively, adjust protocol parameter and antenna according to the test result of bandwidth, audio frequency and video transmission readability.
Two, software section
1, wireless transmission protocol
The method that adopts improved orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multiple access is as the Radio Link access-control protocol.
2, based on the moving target extraction module of wireless audio and video network
This module mainly realizes the moving target dynamic tracking of video data (for example .avi), at first adopt the mixed Gaussian background model to carry out background modeling, the prospect of detecting is a moving target again, with the morphologic filtering method prospect is carried out denoising again, with being communicated with district's target-marking, carry out predicting tracing with Kalman filtering more then.Before front end obtains video data, video camera is demarcated, will come the target location is rebuild with calibrating parameters and tracking results.
Fig. 2 is the module realization flow figure according to an embodiment of the invention, and wherein, the first half is obtained part for the front end wireless video, and the latter half is a rear end video sequence data handling process part.
Fig. 3 is the moving target 3 D video trace flow figure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B illustrate respectively according to original image of an embodiment of the invention and picture after treatment.
3, bird sound identification module
Bird sound is the essential characteristic that characterizes birds.The major function of bird sound identification module is that bird sound is discerned automatically, and then discerns the kind of bird automatically.Main method is a mode identification method.At first utilize the K averaging method to obtain the energy segmentation threshold of signal and noise, audio file is cut apart, bird part branch is extracted according to this threshold value.Then each bird sound is extracted feature,, find Mel cepstrum coefficient feature (MFCC) characteristic feature well through test of many times.The feature that extracts is used to train gauss hybrid models (GMM), the final kind of utilizing the model that trains to discern bird sound.
Fig. 5 illustrates the realization flow figure according to the bird sound identification module of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 A illustrates the bird sound frequency file to be identified according to an embodiment of the invention.
By moving this module " BirdSound " afterwards, just demonstrate recognition result.The result comprises the initial sum end mark of bird sound, and the kind of this bird sound numbering.Shown in Fig. 6 B, Fig. 6 B illustrates according to the bird sound frequency file after the identification of an embodiment of the invention, wherein, the 2nd, the kind numbering of bird sound.
Expert's visual interpretation human-computer interaction interface that this module is also provided convenience.As shown in Figure 7, be convenient to set up bird sound experts database.
Although describe the present invention, should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to disclosed exemplary embodiment with reference to exemplary embodiment.The scope of appending claims with meet the most wide in range explanation, thereby comprise all these modification, equivalent structure and function.
Claims (10)
1. remote wireless monitoring system based on the integrated wild birds recognition technology of acoustic image, it is used for long-range ecological monitoring, described remote wireless monitoring system comprises that song records module, video record module, audio, video data processing module, audio/video flow transport module and audio frequency and video digital document memory module
Described song is recorded the sound that module is recorded open-air birds, and the song of recording is converted into digital signal by sampling, quantification; Described video record module is mainly recorded the image of biological environment by camera, the image of recording is converted into digital signal by sampling, quantification; Described audio, video data processing module is carried out combined coding with audio frequency and video; The data flow of described data transmission module after with combined coding is transferred to the observation station by wireless mode; Described file storage module is stored in the data flow that receives in the observation station server with document form.
2. remote wireless monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises display control module, and described display control module shows the audio frequency and video situation that is observed a little in real time in client.
3. remote wireless monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described remote wireless monitoring system adopts the embedded-development environment of low-power consumption, small size.
4. according to each described remote wireless monitoring system in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described song is recorded module and adopted the formula of body in level capacitor microphone, the Hz-KHz of microphone should be 20Hz～20KHz, and sample frequency is more than the 40KHz.
5. according to each described remote wireless monitoring system in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, described audio/video flow transport module is on 802.11g protocol code basis, improve the CSMA/CA mechanism of WiFi, adapting to the wireless transmission of long distance, and adopt respectively orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multiple access, frequency-division and time-division multiple access in conjunction with two kinds of mechanism as the Radio Link access-control protocol.
6. according to each described remote wireless monitoring system in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, the wireless high-power network interface card based on the Athros chip of customization is adopted in described audio/video flow transmission, adopt cubical antenna, test in a plurality of occasions respectively, adjust protocol parameter and antenna according to the test result of bandwidth, audio frequency and video transmission readability.
7. according to each described remote wireless monitoring system in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described audio, video data processing module comprises the moving target extraction module based on the wireless audio and video network, be used to realize the moving target dynamic tracking of video data.
8. remote wireless monitoring system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in the processing procedure of described audio, video data processing module, at first adopt the mixed Gaussian background model to carry out background modeling, detect prospect again, with the morphologic filtering method prospect is carried out denoising again, then with being communicated with district's target-marking, carry out predicting tracing with Kalman filtering again, wherein, before front end obtains video data, the video camera of described video record module is demarcated, will come the target location is rebuild with calibrating parameters and tracking results.
9. according to each described remote wireless monitoring system in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described audio, video data processing module comprises bird sound identification module, be used for bird sound and discern automatically, and then discern the kind of bird automatically, mode identification method is adopted in its recognition methods.
10. remote wireless monitoring system according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described recognition methods is as follows:
At first utilize the K averaging method to obtain the energy segmentation threshold of signal and noise, audio file is cut apart, bird part branch is extracted according to this threshold value;
Then each bird sound is extracted feature, and with this feature of Mel cepstrum coefficient characteristic present;
The feature that extracts is used to train gauss hybrid models, the final kind of utilizing the model that trains to discern bird sound.
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| CN102524237A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-07-04 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Bird-dispersing system and method for monitoring bird situations of airports |
| CN103905559A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-02 | 重庆工商职业学院 | Valuable and rare bird population distribution detection system based on birdcall voiceprint characteristics |
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| CN106780183A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 大连文森特软件科技有限公司 | The open birds protected based on AR augmented realities and visitor are visited a park system |
| CN106780184A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 大连文森特软件科技有限公司 | Birds based on AR augmented realities view and admire system |
| CN106791637A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 大连文森特软件科技有限公司 | Birds based on AR augmented realities are viewed and admired and area protection system |
| CN106600801A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-04-26 | 大连文森特软件科技有限公司 | Bird watching equipment based on AR augmented reality technology |
| CN106534806A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-03-22 | 大连文森特软件科技有限公司 | Augmented reality (AR) technology-based bird identification recreation system |
| CN110706725A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2020-01-17 | 广西大学 | Bird sound recording system |
| CN109117732A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-01-01 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of transmission line of electricity relates to the identification of bird failure bird kind figure sound and control method |
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| EP3721706A1 (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2020-10-14 | Universidade de Évora | Real-time animal system detection based on the specific sounds produced by them |
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Application publication date: 20110518 |