CN102064568A - Active equalizing and protecting system of stackable series-connected lithium battery - Google Patents
Active equalizing and protecting system of stackable series-connected lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an active equalizing and protecting system of a stackable series-connected lithium battery. A coprocessor is connected with a processor by a serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus; each equalizing unit comprises a single battery and an equalizing circuit, wherein every adjacent two equalizing units are connected in series as follows: a first equalizing circuit and a first single battery are connected in parallel; the first equalizing circuit comprises a first P channel metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) and a first N channel MOSFET; the drain electrodes of the two MOSFETs are connected, the gate electrodes of the two MOSFETs are connected, and the two MOSFETs are connected with the coprocessor through a first signal input end; the source electrodes of the first MOSFET and second MOSFET are respectively connected with the positive pole and negative pole of the first single battery in parallel; the positive pole of the second single battery is connected with the negative pole of the first single battery; a second equalizing circuit connected with the two ends of the second single battery in parallel has the same structure as the first equalizing circuit; and the drain electrodes of the first equalizing unit and the second equalizing unit are connected by a super capacitor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium battery group dynamically initiatively equilibrium and guard method, the lithium battery group that relates in particular to a kind of piling up flexible configuration dynamically, active balancing technique and method.
Background technology
The application of lithium ion battery more and more widely needs a plurality of cells to carry out series and parallel to satisfy the system capacity demand in some applications.Lithium ion battery is very high to discharging and recharging requirement; put when overcharging, crossing, when situations such as overcurrent and short circuit take place, inner pressure of lithium ion battery and heat roll up, and are easy to generate spark, burning even blast; therefore, it is necessary the lithium ion battery group being carried out charge and discharge protection.In the lithium ion, the inconsistency of each cell requires to take in use necessary balanced measure to guarantee its fail safe and stability.
Lithium battery group balancing technique now commonly used has: the bypass resistance method, export winding auxiliary charging method more, based on DC/DC transform distribution formula equalization, switching capacity method.Wherein bypass resistance dissipative type equilibrium owned by France, capacity usage ratio is very low in balancing procedure; Many output winding auxiliary charging methods, bulky, transformer coiling complexity, structure are unfavorable for expansion; Based on the distributed equalization of DC/DC converter, need a lot of switch elements and inductance capacitance device, cost is higher relatively, and energy transmission efficiency is low; The conventional switch capacitance method is comparatively general equalization methods, needs more change over switch, and its euqalizing current is little, and time for balance is long.In recent years, along with the commercialization of double deck type large bulk capacitance and the reduction of cost, make that the double deck type large bulk capacitance has obtained at aspects such as energy storage widely using, as energy storage units, the double deck type large bulk capacitance is discharging and recharging, is having very big advantage aspect the energy density; Power field effect pipe (Power MOSFET) is a kind of voltage control device of one pole type, self-switching-off capability is not only arranged, and have driving power little, and characteristics such as switching speed height, no second breakdown, safety operation area are wide, its premium properties is particularly suitable for as switching device.
From the new forms of energy industrial chain; be that energy storage all exists this bottleneck problem of battery management system with lithium ion battery or used for electric vehicle power lithium-ion battery; and battery balanced and resist technology are the core technologies of battery management system, and the breakthrough of this technology is expected to form in industry the superiority of directiveness.Over nearly 20 years, countries in the world scientist and Application Engineer have done a large amount of work around this problem, domestic research is also in the ascendant, and the domestic and international patent of this respect mainly contains: US5886502, US6114835, US6278604, US6356055, US6844703, US7279867, US7609031, US20040032236, US20050077875, US20050269989, US20080018299, US20090167243, CN2814766, CN101183798, CN2899130, CN101262138, CN1449085 etc.
Piling up design is the new ideas that occur in recent years, the modularization, extensibility of emphasizing product design is with the demand of the system that adapts to different scales, modular design concept can effectively be used existing technology and product, and reduce the complexity of product development, can provide technology multiplexing measure again, make product line and technological process unify and reduction management and industrialization cost.Being widely used of electrokinetic cell, electric bicycle, battery-operated motor cycle from routine, to electric automobile, electric bus or the like, during using, these, but all have general general character: need rational equalizing circuit and algorithm to carry out big electric current fast uniform to the scale demand difference of battery.And the traditional solution that solves this type of problem is, each concrete Application Design one cover is at the R﹠D force of the product development process and a specialty of establishment of this application, in fact different like this research staff does not communicate with each other in the work of doing many general character, makes every work all spend great amount of manpower and material resources.And the design of piling up carries out modularization to the object of general character and cuts apart, and non-general character is partly taked the menu customization mode, avoided the problems referred to above effectively.It much is the manufacturer of previous electric bicycle, battery-operated motor cycle that the enterprise that current majority sets foot in the electric automobile industry has; may be familiar to original car body, driving and dynamical system; and the dynamic equalization of piling up and protection are provided with and technology can realize to the succession of the existing product line of these enterprises with to the compatibility of new product lines; effectively reduce the capital input of these enterprises, increase competitiveness.
Serial lithium battery group dynamic equalization that can piling up and protection are provided with and technology rarely has report at present.The realization of this technology has higher using value and technology content, can satisfy the different balanced and protection demand of existing electric bicycle, battery-operated motor cycle, hybrid vehicle, electric automobile multiscale electrical source of power and energy-storage battery heap.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the application demand of current different class power battery pack and energy-storage battery group, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of serial lithium battery group dynamic equalization and protection system of piling up.For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of stackable serial lithium battery is equilibrium and protection system initiatively, and this system comprises primary processor, coprocessor and two above balanced units, wherein:
Described coprocessor is connected with described processor by spi bus;
Each described balanced unit comprises cell and equalizing circuit; Wherein, every adjacent two balanced units are connected in the following manner:
First equalizing circuit is in parallel with first cell, and this first equalizing circuit comprises a P channel mosfet pipe Q
1With first N-channel MOS FET pipe Q
2, the drain electrode of described two MOSFET pipes links to each other; The gate pole of described two MOSFET pipes links to each other, and by the first signal input part S
nBe connected with coprocessor, in order to receive the switch controlling signal of coprocessor input; The source electrode of the described first and second MOSFET pipes is connected in the positive and negative end of described first cell respectively in parallel; The positive and negative end of described first cell is also respectively by the first and second signal output part C
n, C
N-1Be connected to coprocessor, in order to export differential signal to coprocessor, this differential signal is the voltage signal of actual first cell;
The positive pole of second cell links to each other with the negative pole of above-mentioned first cell; Second equalizing circuit that is connected in parallel on these second cell two ends is identical with the described first equalizing circuit structure, wherein, the first N-channel MOS FET that the source electrode of the 2nd P channel mosfet pipe that is connected with the positive pole of this second cell links to each other with the above-mentioned first cell negative pole by common node manages the source electrode of the utmost point, and described second cell and the shared voltage signal output end of described first cell;
The drain electrode of described first, second balanced unit links to each other by super capacitor.
Described primary processor by spi bus be no more than 15 expansion modules and be connected, described each expansion module comprises that a coprocessor is connected with two above balanced units.
Described each association handles and is connected with 4 to 12 balanced units.
Described primary processor and expansion module form stelliform connection topology configuration.
Be connected by magnetically coupled circuit between described primary processor and the expansion module.
Stackable serial lithium battery provided by the invention is equilibrium and protection system initiatively, can realize the battery pack dynamic equalization and the protection of high voltage, big electric current.Adopt modular design, be convenient to expanded application, the expansion balance module that can select to add varying number satisfies different balanced and the protection demand of electric bicycle, battery-operated motor cycle, hybrid vehicle, electric automobile multiscale electrical source of power.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is initiatively equilibrium and a protection system block diagram of stackable serial lithium battery provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is a coprocessor pin schematic diagram in stackable serial lithium battery active equilibrium provided by the invention and the protection system;
Fig. 3 is the basis equalization unit schematic diagram of stackable serial lithium battery active equilibrium provided by the invention and protection system;
Fig. 4 is the equalizing circuit schematic diagram that 6 joint cells of stackable serial lithium battery active equilibrium provided by the invention and protection system are concatenated into battery pack;
Fig. 5 is that stackable serial lithium battery active equilibrium provided by the invention and protection system are carried out the schematic diagram that circuit is isolated by the magnetic coupling device;
Fig. 6 is the drive waveforms schematic diagram of stackable serial lithium battery active equilibrium provided by the invention and the output of protection system primary processor drive circuit;
Fig. 7 is the battery balanced design sketchs of 2 joint serial connections of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the battery balanced design sketchs of 12 joint serial connections of the present invention;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, be stackable serial lithium battery active equilibrium provided by the invention and protection system block diagram.But this system comprises a main control module and several expansion modules.
1, main control module:
In main control module, comprise a primary processor, a coprocessor, and the balanced unit of maximum 12 series connection cells of this coprocessor correspondence comprise that 12 switch elements connect 12 energy buanch units respectively.
Primary processor is common single-chip microcomputer, dsp processor, arm processor and FPGA controller etc., is responsible for signal collection and arrangement, balance policy adjustment and sends measurement and control command to coprocessor.Primary processor is by Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) (Serial Peripheral Interface, SPI) bus is communicated by letter with coprocessor, each road voltage signal that coprocessor is measured returns to primary processor, and is dynamically initiatively balanced to realize all size battery pack neatly.16 coprocessors of the maximum may command of primary processor, wherein 1 is the coprocessor on the primary module, other 15 coprocessors are positioned on the expansion module, according to system scale, can rationally match expansion module.
As shown in Figure 2, the coprocessor pin schematic diagram for using in stackable serial lithium battery active equilibrium provided by the invention and the protection system.
In the present embodiment, coprocessor adopts LTC6802-2 (hereinafter to be referred as LTC6802) integrated chip (the Integrated Circuit of Linear Techn Inc., IC), LTC6802-2 is a complete battery monitoring IC, its built-in 12 ADC, an accurate voltage reference, a high voltage input multiplexer and a serial line interface.Each LTC6802-2 can measure the voltages of 12 serial connection batteries at total input voltage under up to the situation of 60V.Can be together in series a plurality of LTC6802-2 devices, to monitor the voltage of every batteries in the long string serial connection battery.Each LTC6802-2 has a separately addressable serial line interface, and each battery input all has a switch mosfet that is associated, and is used for any battery that overcharges is discharged.
The LTC6802 pin is as shown in Figure 2: the anodal wiring pin of V+ battery pack; V-is a battery pack negative pole wiring pin; A
0～A
3Be address selection line; SCKI, SDI, SDO, CSBI forms a SPI interface, and coprocessor is by this SPI interface and primary processor communication; C
1～C
12Be 12 joint monomer battery voltage inputs, C
12Connect maximum potential end in this crosstalk pond, C
1Connect potential minimum end in this crosstalk pond, under multi-disc connection situation, C
1C with following a slice LTC6802
12Connect.S
1～S
12Be the discharge end of N-MOSFET pipe driving in the sheet, but low discharging current; VTEMP1, VTEMP2 are 2 road temperature signal inputs, can connect negative temperature coefficient (Negative Temperature Coefficient, NTC) thermistor; VREF is a reference point position output; VREG is the high-end of this film logic level; TOS is the SPI mode setting terminal; MMB is that mode of operation is provided with end; WDTB is the house dog output terminal of clock; GPIO1, (General Purpose Input/Output GPIO) is universal input/output interface to GPIO2.
2, balanced principle
As shown in Figure 3, be the balanced unit that example illustrates active balanced way provided by the invention with 2 batteries.Basis equalization circuit of the present invention is based on the equilibrium of switching capacity method, utilizes electric capacity to realize the energy content of battery is transferred to the low-voltage cell from the high voltage cell.Adopt power-type gold oxygen semiconductor field effect transistor (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, MOSFET) pipe is formed the bidirectional switch array, by primary processor control balance module console switch array, realize that the transmission of electric charge between battery reaches battery balanced purpose.
Among Fig. 3, C
A, C
BBe 2 economize on electricitys of serial connection, C
ANegative pole connect C
BPositive pole; Q
1, Q
3Be power-type P-MOSTFET pipe, Q
2, Q
4Be power-type N-MOSTFET pipe; Each balanced unit adopts P-MOSFET and N-MOSFET switching device, and P channel mosfet pipe links to each other with N-channel MOS FET pipe gate pole, forms interlock switch.D
1, D
2, D
3, D
4Be Zener diode; R
1～R
5Be resistance; C
n, C
N-1, C
N-2Be the voltage measurement signal output port; S
n, S
N-1Control signal output ends for coprocessor.
At each cell C
A, C
BThe positive and negative electrode two ends respectively and connect equalizing circuit.In equalizing circuit, a P channel mosfet pipe Q
1Gate pole and N-channel MOS FET pipe Q
2Gate pole connect, same, Q
3With Q
4Gate pole connect, it is right to form interlock switch and form 2 bidirectional switchs.Q1 and Q
2Source electrode be connected in parallel to cell C respectively
AThe positive and negative electrode two ends; Equally, Q
3With Q
4Source electrode be connected in parallel to cell C again respectively
BThe positive and negative electrode two ends; Q
2With Q
3Source electrode at cell C
BPositive pole one end link to each other by common node.C
1Be super capacitor as the energy buanch unit, C
1One end is connected in Q
1, Q
2Drain electrode, the other end is connected in Q
3, Q
4Drain electrode.
The positive and negative end of battery is respectively by output C
n, C
N-1, C
N-2, to coprocessor output differential signal, this differential signal is the voltage signal of cell, respectively with cell C
APositive pole, negative battery voltage and cell C
BPositive pole, negative battery voltage, C just
nWith C
N-1, C
N-1With C
N-2Between differential signal export to external circuit, wherein, C
ANegative pole and C
BThe cathode voltage value be identical.S
n, S
N-1Be two control signal output ends independently separately in the coprocessor, output sync pulse signal is as 2 switching signals that bidirectional switch is right, and it is right to control 2 bidirectional switchs, and the high-low level of its control logic corresponds respectively to C
N-1, C
N-2The differential level of terminal voltage level is connected with the gate pole of two MOSFET pipes respectively successively, and to its output control signal, control Q
1～Q
4Conducting, close.
Coprocessor passes through C
n, C
N-1, C
N-2... port processing respectively saves the voltage signal of cell, by spi bus these monomer battery voltage signals are sent to primary processor in the master control module, primary processor is by comparing each road voltage signal, certain control strategy is taked in decision, and send these control strategies to corresponding coprocessor by spi bus, by coprocessor control related switch S
n, S
N-1... the output pulse switch signal.
For example, voltage measurement signal output port C among Fig. 3
n, C
N-1, C
N-2To the coprocessor output voltage signal, if C
n, C
N-1Between voltage difference less than C
N-1, C
N-2Between voltage difference, C just
AVoltage is less than C
BVoltage passes through S earlier
n, S
N-1Port output high-level control signal makes Q
2, Q
4Conducting, Q
1, Q
3End, at this moment C
1Cross-over connection is in C
BTwo ends, capacitor C
1By battery C
BCharging; After one section charging, S
n, S
N-1Port output low level control signal makes Q
2, Q
4End Q
1, Q
3Conducting, C at this moment
1Cross-over connection is in C
ATwo ends, capacitor C
1To C
ADischarge.Charging a period of time described here is to instigate circuit to reach time of stable state again, can calculate according to Theory of Circuit Analysis and know, for example, if Q
2Conducting resistance be 50m Ω, when C was 1F, this section period should be for greater than 5*50m Ω * 1F=250ms.Vice versa.Like this, adopt super capacitor as the energy delivery carrier, through several times S
n, S
N-1Repetitive operation can realize electric charge from the transfer of high voltage cell to the low-voltage cell, thereby reach by the balancing energy of super capacitor to battery pack.
Voltage stabilizing didoe D
1, D
2In the balanced unit circuit respectively with cell C
A, C
BIn parallel.And with cell C
A, C
BIt is similar to connect, voltage stabilizing didoe D
1Positive pole and D
2Negative pole series connection.Voltage stabilizing didoe D
3, D
4Be connected to battery C
A, C
BPositive pole and signal input end S
n, S
N-1Between, and between its negative pole and signal input end, be in series with resistance R
2And R
4, D
1～D
4, R
2And R
4For the balanced unit circuit provides protection.
C
2, C
3Be common filter capacitor, be connected to the differential voltage signal input C of external circuits
n, C
N-1Between and C
N-1, C
N-2Between.C
2, R
1With C
3, R
3Differential voltage signal is played anti-aliasing effect, increase measuring accuracy.
As shown in Figure 4, be concatenated into the equalizing circuit schematic diagram that battery pack is an example with 6 joint cells.When multiple batteries was connected in series, according to the basis equalization unit of Fig. 2, the MOSFET pipe that adopts the above-mentioned common gate utmost point was to forming two-way gate-controlled switch, by the pairing S of this batteries
i(i ∈ 1～n) signal controlling gate pole, this right drain electrode junction of MOSFET pipe is a utmost point of cross-over connection double deck type large bulk capacitance.
3, expansion module
Expansion module does not have the primary processor part, has only the balanced unit of a coprocessor and corresponding 12 series connection cells, comprises that 12 switch elements connect 12 energy buanch units respectively and form.The structure of coprocessor adopts above-mentioned LTC6802-2 coprocessor too.These expansion modules are with the spi bus communication of primary module by electrical isolation.
Each coprocessor LTC6802 can manage 4～12 batteries and measure monomer whose voltage, and the console switch to balanced unit provides control signal simultaneously.Coprocessor is responsible for each monomer voltage collection, and scene temperature detects, and signal is returned to primary processor, provides control algolithm by primary processor, and the control coprocessor carries out switch motion according to instruction, carries out dynamic equalization.
4, pile up measure
Extensibility of the present invention is the lithium battery by the some quantity of coprocessor grouping management joint, is transferred to primary processor by the SPI serial communication mode again.Usually each coprocessor grouping management 4-12 saves lithium battery.SPI adopts stelliform connection topology configuration, and primary processor is SPI communication initiator, and each coprocessor is from the SPI communication terminal, the MS master-slave mode communication network of composition.
Under the situation that does not connect expanding element, main control module can independently be finished the complete balanced controlled function of maximum 12 joint lithium batteries.At this moment, coprocessor connects 12 joint lithium batteries, and serial connection voltage is 30VDC～60VDC.For series voltage is the balanced control of higher voltage batteries group of 60VDC～1000VDC, can be connected in series the scale flexible expansion according to battery pack, can expand 15 modules at most, each module connects 12 joint serial connection batteries, add the connection cell number of main control module, can realize that altogether nearly 192 batteries, series voltage are the dynamic active equilibrium of 300VDC～1000VDC.
5, electrical isolation measure
As shown in Figure 5, be a kind of example of carrying out the circuit isolation by the magnetic coupling device.Adopt the ADUM1411 magnetic coupling IC of ADI company to realize electrical isolation in the present embodiment.Primary processor of the present invention is with realizing communication by the coupling of magnetic coupling technology or photoelectricity between each balance module, and strict electrical isolation between the coprocessor, except that communication, does not have between primary processor and the coprocessor and directly is electrically connected.Electrical safety is isolated between battery pack main circuit and the control loop, no electrical couplings.For realizing the purpose of SPI communication electrical isolation, can take technology such as transformer isolation, photoelectricity isolation, magnetic coupling isolation to realize SPI communication isolation.
6, balance policy (algorithm)
Equalization algorithm of the present invention is finished by primary processor, according to different charge and discharge states, according to the battery information that obtains from coprocessor, compare cell voltage, decision realizes multiple balanced flexibly control strategies such as up equilibrium, descending equilibrium and the equilibrium of maximum difference monomer, and exports the corresponding driving level signals to control each balanced unit circuit by maximum 12 Si ports of Communication Control coprocessor.Also can realize controlling by computational algorithm based on the equalizer switch of complex logic algorithm.This control strategy adopts the establishment of C language, goes into primary controller procedure memory or in-chip FLASH by the jtag interface programming.
Up equalization methods is the battery from high monomer voltage, carries out equilibrium, equilibrium when being usually used in charging with the battery and the adjacent cells of high monomer voltage all the time; Descending equilibrium is all the time to carry out equilibrium, equilibrium when being usually used in discharging between the battery of minimum monomer voltage and the adjacent cells; The equilibrium of maximum difference monomer is to search for all the time, relatively carry out equilibrium between 2 batteries of adjacent monomer voltage difference maximum in the battery pack, be usually used in discharging or idle condition under equilibrium; Under the situation of not taking above-mentioned algorithm, can take global synchronization pulse equalizing method, promptly needn't compare each monomer voltage, primary processor is by the Si port output synchronizing sequence pulse of the whole coprocessors of SPI Communication Control, and it is balanced that battery pack is realized.
The switch motion frequency of equalizing system provided by the invention is compared with prior art faster.Among the above embodiment, according to the maximum charge time be 250 milliseconds of calculating, use Devices Characteristics according to calculating, its equalizer switch operating frequency is generally 0.4Hz～40Hz, switch can provide maximum current can reach more than the 60A, normal operating range is 4～20A.Each monomer battery voltage difference can be controlled within the 50mV, and the maximum instantaneous euqalizing current can reach more than the 34A, and the average isostatic electric current can be between 4～10A.Generally more than 5kHz, the equalizer switch operating frequency of equalizing system provided by the invention just can realize perfect portfolio effect far below the equalizer switch frequency that adopts traditional Buck-Boost technology to the equalizer switch frequency of traditional Buck-Boost technology.
Primary processor can be by the drive circuit of SPI Communication Control operation coprocessor, and Fig. 6 receives the drive waveforms schematic diagram of exporting after the order of primary processor for coprocessor, and this waveform is the 1Hz square wave, amplitude 5V, and duty ratio is 50%.With 2 joint cell series connection equalizing circuits shown in Figure 3 is example, S
nWith S
N-1Load this lock-out pulse, portfolio effect as shown in Figure 7.2 joint monomer voltage differences reach the battery of 1V after the balanced action of process several times in 4000 milliseconds time, reach electric voltage equalization rapidly, low-voltage battery has obtained energy supplement voltage and has raise, high-voltage battery is transferred to low-voltage battery voltage to portion of energy and is descended, and then realizes 2 equilibriums between the serial connection battery.
Fig. 8 is 12 batteries portfolio effect figure, and the initial monomer cell voltage is followed successively by 3.1V, 3.2V, 3.3V, 3.4V, 3.5V, 3.6V, 3.7,3.8,3.9V, 4.0V, 4.1V, 4.2V the pulse train of employing Fig. 6 is taked the lock-out pulse balance policy, the initial maximum monomer voltage difference of 12 joints reached balanced rapidly in the battery pack of 1.1V in 60 seconds, maximum monomer voltage difference is less than 30mV when balanced.Amplifier section shows the part details of this balancing procedure among the figure, and trickle corrugated curve has reacted the capacitor charge and discharge curve process of balancing procedure, and its ripple fluctuation is less than 40mV.
7, safeguard measure
In main control module, adopt plate to carry the ACS758 current sensor chip of Allegro MicroSystems company or match 4～20mA, single 5V power supply, the Hall effect current instrument transformer is gathered battery pack main circuit current signal, and this signal directly is sent to the analog quantity input port of the primary processor on the main control module; Each monomer battery voltage collection is finished by coprocessor, arrives primary processor through communication.Each road voltage acquisition unit of coprocessor adopts anti-aliasing design to guarantee that the voltage acquisition data accuracy reaches 14 precision.The analog-digital converter of coprocessor (Analog to Digital Converter, ADC) adopt improved successive approximation (Successive Approximation Register, SAR) analog-to-digital conversion algorithm, improved the speed of voltage acquisition, all voltage acquisition can be finished in 13ms.
Balanced unit PCB circuit design can realize big current balance, and big current pathway route trace width is not less than 3mm (120mil), and adds zinc-plated processing.For ensuring signal quality, general control signal and communication signal live width are not less than 0.5mm (20mil).Master control circuit board adopts 4 layers of wire laying mode, and middle 2 layers are respectively GND layer (cloudy version) and bus plane (cloudy version), in bus plane adopts an electricity layer cutting techniques be divided into+24V and+5V.
The present invention adopts resettable fuse and positive temperature coefficient (Positire Temperatare Cefficient; PTC) thermistor is realized the overcurrent of battery major loop and the automatic protection of short circuit, circuit breaker is set or protection relay is protected main circuit at the battery major loop.
Among the present invention, each coprocessor also is responsible for the power brick local temperature detection and the output of reporting to the police, and each coprocessor (LTC6802-2) can provide 2 tunnel temperature detection loops and the output of 2 transportation work styles fan to drive the loop to realize power brick cooling function.As shown in Figure 2, universal input/output interface GPIO1 and the GPIO2 by coprocessor exports 2 transportation work styles fan drive level signal.2 negative temperature coefficient thermistor NTC1 and NTC2 are connected respectively to VTEMP1 and V-terminal and VTEMP2 and the V-terminal of coprocessor LTC6802, form 2 battery pack temperatures and detect the loop, gather these temperature signals by LTC6802, communication is sent to primary processor, send the control command communication by primary processor again and pass LTC6802 back, export the fan swicth signal to reach the cooling purpose by LTC6802.
Master controller peripheral function of the present invention unit also comprises watchdog circuit, adopts MAX706; Clock circuit adopts the active clock oscillator of 8M; CAN communication interface, asynchronous serial communication (UART) interface, power supply stabilization circuit etc.
The present invention can realize the battery pack dynamic equalization and the protection of high voltage, big electric current.Battery balanced effect guarantee monomer battery voltage poor＜50mV, but balancing battery group total voltage can reach 1000V.Adopt modular design, be convenient to expanded application, the expansion balance module that can select to add varying number satisfies different balanced and the protection demand of electric bicycle, battery-operated motor cycle, hybrid vehicle, electric automobile multiscale electrical source of power.
Above content be in conjunction with concrete preferred embodiment to the detailed description that the present invention did, these all are the examples of lifting for ease of understanding, should not think that concrete enforcement of the present invention is only limited to these explanations.To those skilled in the art, various possible being equal to of making without departing from the inventive concept of the premise changes or replaces, and all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. initiatively equilibrium and protection system of a stackable serial lithium battery is characterized in that this system comprises primary processor, coprocessor and two above balanced units, wherein:
Described coprocessor is connected with described processor by spi bus;
Each described balanced unit comprises cell and equalizing circuit; Wherein, every adjacent two balanced units are connected in the following manner:
First equalizing circuit is in parallel with first cell, and this first equalizing circuit comprises a P channel mosfet pipe (Q
1) and first N-channel MOS FET pipe (Q
2), the drain electrode of described two MOSFET pipes links to each other; The gate pole of described two MOSFET pipes links to each other, and by the first signal input part (S
n) be connected with coprocessor, in order to receive the switch controlling signal of coprocessor input; The source electrode of the described first and second MOSFET pipes is connected in the positive and negative end of described first cell respectively in parallel; The positive and negative end of described first cell is also respectively by the first and second signal output part (C
n, C
N-1) be connected to coprocessor, in order to export differential signal to coprocessor, this differential signal is the voltage signal of actual first cell;
The positive pole of second cell links to each other with the negative pole of above-mentioned first cell; Second equalizing circuit that is connected in parallel on these second cell two ends is identical with the described first equalizing circuit structure, wherein, the first N-channel MOS FET that the source electrode of the 2nd P channel mosfet pipe that is connected with the positive pole of this second cell links to each other with the above-mentioned first cell negative pole by common node manages the source electrode of the utmost point, and described second cell and the shared voltage signal output end of described first cell;
The drain electrode of described first, second balanced unit links to each other by super capacitor.
2. stackable serial lithium battery according to claim 1 is equilibrium and protection system initiatively; it is characterized in that; described primary processor by spi bus be no more than 15 expansion modules and be connected, described each expansion module comprises that a coprocessor is connected with two above balanced units.
3. stackable serial lithium battery according to claim 1 and 2 is equilibrium and protection system initiatively, it is characterized in that, described each association handles and is connected with 4 to 12 balanced units.
4. stackable serial lithium battery according to claim 2 is equilibrium and protection system initiatively, it is characterized in that, described primary processor and expansion module form stelliform connection topology configuration.
5. stackable serial lithium battery according to claim 2 is equilibrium and protection system initiatively, it is characterized in that, is connected by magnetically coupled circuit between described primary processor and the expansion module.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010505804 CN102064568A (en) | 2010-10-11 | 2010-10-11 | Active equalizing and protecting system of stackable series-connected lithium battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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| CN102981041A (en) * | 2012-11-10 | 2013-03-20 | 中山普润斯电源设备技术有限公司 | Battery cell monitoring system |
| CN103036278A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-04-10 | 王奉瑾 | Battery management system adopting double-buses of energy and data |
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| CN106450524A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-02-22 | 桂林理工大学 | High current balancing ARM control system with lithium manganate batteries |
| CN106773961A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Space lithium battery equalization control system based on FPGA |
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| CN106712182B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-05-07 | 合肥工业大学 | Power battery pack active equalization control strategy based on Depth Priority Algorithm |
| CN113541224A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2021-10-22 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Battery system, control method of voltage balance program and calculation method of balance electric quantity |
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| CN113809792A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-12-17 | 南京理工大学 | Equalizing circuit applied to cube-satellite lithium battery pack |
| CN114189022A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-15 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Battery monomer capacitance balance control circuit of parallel battery module |
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