CN103171451A - Battery management system based on co-processor and solid-state relay - Google Patents
Battery management system based on co-processor and solid-state relay Download PDFInfo
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- CN103171451A CN103171451A CN2013101165276A CN201310116527A CN103171451A CN 103171451 A CN103171451 A CN 103171451A CN 2013101165276 A CN2013101165276 A CN 2013101165276A CN 201310116527 A CN201310116527 A CN 201310116527A CN 103171451 A CN103171451 A CN 103171451A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a battery management system based on a co-processor and a solid-state relay. The system is a novel battery management system which is low in power consumption and high in estimation accuracy of the state of charge (SOC) of a battery. The battery management system based on the co-processor and the solid-state relay is based on an MC9S12XE single-chip microcomputer, and capable of monitoring working state parameters of the battery, estimating the SOC of the battery accurately, and achieving insulation monitoring, fault grading alarming and equalization management of the battery. The battery management system based on the co-processor and the solid-state relay comprises a main control board, a current collecting board and a voltage collecting board, wherein the current collecting board and the voltage collecting board are connected with the main control board, the main control board is connected with a master positive terminal of high voltage and a master negative terminal of the high voltage through high voltage connectors to achieve the insulation monitoring of the high voltage, the main control board is connected with the relay through a power driving connector, the current collecting board enables SOC estimation of the battery to be achievable by combination of the co-processor and a main processor, the current collecting board is connected with a current sensor through a current signal connector, the current sensor is arranged between the relay and the master negative terminal of the high voltage, the voltage collecting board collects voltage signals through an operational amplifier chip, and power supply of the operational amplifier chip is controlled by the solid-state relay.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of battery management system, be specifically related to a kind of battery management system based on coprocessor and solid-state relay.
Background technology
Battery is as the main propulsion source of electronlmobil, and the quality of its performance will directly affect the popularization of electronlmobil.Battery management system not only needs the mode of operation of Real-Time Monitoring battery, also needs the inconsistency that the battery after circulation occurs is carried out equilibrium, thereby prevents over-charging of battery, cross and put, to improve the service life cycle of battery.
At present battery management system has all been carried out a large amount of research both at home and abroad.For example the intelligent management system of AM General company can be realized the condition monitoring of cell and have equalization function, domestic hundred million can, power is high, hat is opened up also has been widely used with the product of the company such as Mo Gong, but the problems such as during the ubiquity off working state of present battery management system the large and voltage acquisition precision of system power consumption is low, or the not high problem of estimation precision of the residual capacity of battery (State of Charge, SOC).
Battery management system is based on for the collection of cell pressure that chip integral body gathers more or analog switch or solid-state relay carry out circle collection, increasing from consumption of current when front a kind of acquisition mode can cause the battery management system off working state, then a kind of mode will reduce the acquisition precision of voltage, also can reduce the reliability of battery management system simultaneously; On electronlmobil, the estimation for SOC is based on open circuit voltage method and ampere-hour integral method more at present, therefore the estimation rate of the sample rate of the estimation precision of initial SOC and electric current and SOC will affect the estimation precision of whole SOC.
Chinese patent CN102975627A detects the type couple the USB device, and according to the type of this USB device, to this USB device charging.
Chinese patent CN101141076A is connected to accessory feed or battery unit by contact relay with voltage detection unit, and when being used for determining startup or parking, whether the voltage detection unit circuit occurs extremely; Adopt the quantity of the battery unit relay corresponding with the battery unit total quantity to carry out the collection of cell pressure, this acquisition mode need to be to the battery unit relay break-make that circulates, affect the life-span of relay, in addition because the pressure drop of relay is different, also can descend corresponding to the voltage acquisition precision of battery.
Chinese patent CN102064568A has adopted the LTC6802 coprocessor cell pressure to be gathered and exports balanced control signal, and carries out data exchange by spi bus and master controller, and still, this processing mode can't resolve the problem that improves the SOC precision.
To sum up, battery management system has two large difficult points:
The one: the high precision estimation of SOC, the estimation of high precision SOC comprises the high precision estimation of SOC in the high precision estimation of initial SOC and system work process, patent of the present invention adopts open circuit voltage with the method that the ampere-hour integral method combines, SOC to be estimated, for the estimation of initial SOC, the present invention adopts the open circuit voltage under different temperatures, different electric current and charging and discharging state under different rest times to carry out initial SOC demarcation with the relation of SOC; The ampere-hour integral method is adopted in SOC in system work process estimation, and from ampere-hour integration ratio juris as can be known, the reason that affects the estimation precision of SOC in working process is that the computation speed of the sample rate of electric current and SOC is slow.
the 2nd, the cell pressure collection of low power consumption high-precision, collection for cell pressure at present mainly is divided into two large classes, one class is based on the voltage acquisition of chip, another kind of is to adopt the switches such as analog switch or solid-state relay to carry out circle collection to voltage, front a kind of acquisition mode has caused the consumable comparision of quantity of electricity when battery management system is in off working state large, affect the continual mileage of batteries of electric automobile, rear a kind of mode is owing to adopting switch, the loss in voltage of each switch is different, thereby affect the high precision collecting of cell pressure, and the switching back and forth due to switch, reduced the reliability of battery management system.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of low-power consumption battery management system based on coprocessor and solid-state relay is provided, it is a kind of low novel battery management system from power consumption and high precision SOC estimation, based on the MC9S12XE micro controller system, can monitor the working status parameter of battery, the SOC of battery is carried out high precision estimation, the insulating monitoring of realizing battery, failure sorted report to the police and balanced management.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of battery management system based on coprocessor and solid-state relay, it comprises master control board and the connected current acquisition plate of difference and voltage acquisition plate, described master control board is realized the high-tension current insulating monitoring by total anode and total negative terminal that the high-tension current joint connects respectively high-tension current, succeeds electrical equipment by the power drive joint; The SOC that described current acquisition plate adopts coprocessor to be combined with primary processor and realizes battery estimates, connect current sensor by the current signal joint, described current sensor is arranged between relay and the total negative terminal of high-tension current; Described voltage acquisition plate gathers voltage signal by the amplifier chip, and the power supply of amplifier chip is controlled by solid-state relay.
Described system adopts the low pressure storage battery of the 12V/24V on electronlmobil to power to it through DC/DC isolation module separately respectively; Described system adopts the B0505 power supply chip that the communication power supply is isolated, and adopts the 6N137 high speed photo coupling that communication signal is isolated, to strengthen the antijamming capability of communication signal.
Described master control board comprises the USB memory module, is used for the storage working status parameter.
Described master control board is connected with read-out, and described read-out is LCDs, realizes the real-time demonstration to working status parameter; Described master control board is also by CAN bus and electric vehicle instrument and entire car controller communication.
Described master control board also comprises power module I, main controller module I and communication module.
Described relay comprises total relay, module relay and charge relay, described total relay is connected to load, described load is connected to the total anode of high-tension current through wire fuse, described module relay is relay between battery pack, described battery pack is the cell number that every block of voltage acquisition plate is controlled, and described charge relay connects the battery charger signal.
Described current acquisition plate comprises power module II, main controller module II and current acquisition module.
Described current sensor is two-way Hall current sensor.
Described voltage acquisition plate connects respectively the temperature sensor that is arranged on the battery pack positive and negative terminals and the positive and negative terminal of battery by temperature signal joint and voltage signal joint, and described voltage acquisition plate has several, and each voltage acquisition plate corresponds to many 8 batteries.
Described voltage acquisition plate is connected with balancing disk by the balancing disk joint.
Described voltage acquisition plate comprises power module III, main controller module III, voltage acquisition module and temperature collection circuit.
described voltage acquisition module comprises the voltage signal joint, diode, solid-state relay, op amp 1-8, the voltage of high-tension battery is received the anode of diode D1-D6 through the overvoltage signal joint, the negative electrode of diode D1-D6 connects the pin 8 of solid-state relay, the pin 1 of solid-state relay connects positive source, pin 2 is through resistance R 1 ground connection, pin 7 is through capacitor C 1, C2, C3 powers to amplifier chip 1-8, single-unit high-tension current anode connects the in-phase input end of amplifier chip 1-8 through resistance R 3, negative pole connects the reverse input end of amplifier chip 1-8 through resistance R 4, in-phase input end is through resistance R 2 ground connection in addition, reverse input end connects the mouth of op amp through resistance R 5, the mouth of op amp is through resistance R 1, C2 connects the AD sample port of master chip.
Described current acquisition module comprises current signal processing module, current signal collection module and SOC estimation block, the present invention adopts two-way Hall element, because the reference voltage of AD sampling A/D chip is 5V, in order to reduce the complexity of circuit, at first the electric current of-100mA-100mA is changed into-voltage of 2.5V-2.5V through 25 ohmages, then signal is changed into the electric signal of 0V-5V through the 2.5V reference voltage.forefathers' large result shows between aperture voltage and SOC certain relation that exists, the present invention is in order to improve the estimation precision of SOC, the method that has adopted open-circuit voltage to combine with the ampere-hour integration method, in order to improve the estimation precision of initial SOC, according to the open-circuit voltage under different temperatures, different electric current and charging and discharging state obtaining under different quiescent times and the relation of SOC, initial SOC value is demarcated, because the ampere-hour integration method is adopted in the estimation of SOC in system work process, the computing formula of ampere-hour integration method is as follows
by constantly the flow through current i (t) of battery pack of accurate Calculation k-1 to k, can calculate the current integration value, add the correction of efficiency for charge-discharge, with the original state addition of battery pack, just can obtain current SOC, from upper surface analysis, can find out, in order to improve the estimation precision of SOC in the course of work, need to improve the sample rate of electric current and the estimation rate of SOC, the present invention is based on the MC9S12XE single-chip microcomputer, the mode that adopts coprocessor to combine with primary processor, main program gathers current signal always, coprocessor interrupts processing to SOC computing cycle timer, and by dual port RAM and primary processor exchanging electric current data, thereby realize the estimation of SOC.The present invention also studies the influence factor of capacity of cell such as electric current, temperature, ageing state, self-discharge in addition, has obtained the relation curve of above-mentioned parameter and capacity of cell for the correction of capacity.
during system works master control board every 100ms with the current acquisition plate, the order of several voltage acquisition plates obtains battery operated state parameter by 485 buses successively, the data analysis judgement of master control board to obtaining, when the monomer voltage value excessive, need to disconnect charge relay, too small and need to disconnect module relay and total relay when being in discharge regime when monomer voltage, work as electric current, when surpassing certain value, temperature need to carry out alarm display, master control board also needs all voltage is compared judgement in addition, find out the cell that voltage surpasses the certain setting value of minimum voltage, put this cell and need balanced zone bit, notify corresponding voltage acquisition plate to carry out equilibrium treatment, often high-tension current is carried out primary insulation monitoring and the total voltage value of high-tension current is gathered through a repetition period master board, the magnitude of voltage that obtains with the voltage acquisition plate compares, to judge the energy consumption of current wire, master control board every certain setting-up time with current working state of system parameter, in conjunction with being stored in real-time clock time in the USB storage equipment, in order to analyze for historical data in the future.
At first whole system carries out system failure self check when operation, fault self-checking comprises communication self check, the self check of EEPROM storage data, and fault is carried out alarm display, when self-checking function by the time carry out normal data acquisition, transmission is calculated, fault judgement and parameter display process.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The master control board of battery management system of the present invention has adopted the USB storage mode, has strengthened the readability of storage data, and the memory capacity increase, and scrapping the whole service state from dispatching from the factory to and set up corresponding data bank for the monitoring battery provides possibility.
Adopted in the present invention based on the method for terminal voltage measuring and calculating insulation resistance and carried out the high-tension current insulating monitoring, wherein wire fuse is controlled and passed through to the access of high-tension current positive and negative terminal increase solid-state relay, improved Security of the system, integrated high voltage electricity global voltage measurement function, can compare with the voltage that the voltage acquisition plate obtains, provide method for calculating the wire energy consumption.
Mesohigh voltage acquisition of the present invention partly adopts the amplifier chip directly to gather, reduced the cost of whole system, the simultaneously power supply of amplifier chip controls by solid-state relay, reduced whole system off working state from consumption of current, improved simultaneously the acquisition precision of cell pressure.
The present invention stores the open circuit voltage under different electric currents, different temperatures and charging and discharging state under different time of repose and the relation of SOC, has improved the precision of utilizing the initial SOC of open circuit voltage estimation.
The mode that in the current acquisition plate, the SOC estimation adopts coprocessor to combine with primary processor, co-processor module is to be that handling interrupt and I/O arrange specially, its speed is more fast again than primary processor, coprocessor interrupts processing and calculating the SOC of this moment to the timer in ampere-hour integral method estimation SOC, thereby has improved the SOC estimation precision in the working process.
CN102975627A compares with Chinese patent, what the present invention proposed is the USB storage, the general storage chip that adopts of the storage of battery management system now, be subjected to the restriction of storage size, the data of all the battery management system collections that can't scrap from dispatching from the factory to vehicle are stored, electronlmobil is in development phase now, data bank is imperfection also, the USB storage space is large, speed is fast, foundation to the batteries of electric automobile data bank has great significance, for the research of electronlmobil provides Data support.
CN101141076A compares with Chinese patent, and the present invention has adopted solid-state relay to control the power supply of amplifier chip, when vehicle is in dead ship condition, cuts off the power supply of amplifier chip, thus reduced under whole battery management system off working state from consumption of current.
CN102064568A compares with Chinese patent, the coprocessor that this patent proposes is the unit of primary processor inside, its speed is more fast again than primary processor, and carry out data exchange by bidirectional RAM and primary processor, both are not identical concepts, the present invention utilizes coprocessor to process timer interrupt signal, has improved the estimation precision of SOC in the system work process.
In a word, the invention provides based on SOC estimation in the working process of the coprocessor of chip core.The capacity of battery also brings impact to the high precision estimation of SOC in addition, the present invention studies the influence factor of capacity of cell such as electric current, temperature, ageing state, self-discharge, utilize the relation curve correction capacity of above-mentioned parameter and capacity of cell, thereby improved the estimation precision of whole SOC.
The invention provides a kind of cell pressure acquisition mode that adopts improved amplifier chip, with respect to traditional amplifier chip battery acquisition mode, the present invention has adopted solid-state relay to control the power supply of amplifier chip, when vehicle is in dead ship condition, cut off the power supply of amplifier chip, thereby reduced under whole battery management system off working state from consumption of current, the present invention does not adopt any switch control voltage collection in addition, has improved the acquisition precision of voltage and the reliability of system works.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the integral structure schematic diagram of battery management system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is amplifier chip power supply control principle drawing;
Fig. 3 is voltage signal processing circuit figure;
Wherein 1. master control boards, 2. current acquisition plate, 3. voltage acquisition plate, 4. power module I, 5. high-tension current joint, 6. power drive joint, 7. LCDs, 8. power module II, 9. current signal joint, 10. power module II, 11. voltage signal joints, 12. temperature signal joints, 13. the balancing disk joint, 14. balancing disks, 15. current sensors, 16. relay, 17. wire fuses, 18. loads.
The specific embodiment
The present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, should be noted that following explanation is only in order to explain the present invention, its content not to be limited.
Fig. 1 is the integral structure schematic diagram of lithium battery management system, as can be seen from Figure 1 battery management system comprises master control board, current acquisition plate, voltage acquisition plate, balancing disk and LCDs, and master control board is connected with the voltage acquisition plate, carries out data exchange, carries out communication by external devices such as CAN bus and electric vehicle instrument and entire car controllers by 232 communication ports and liquid crystal display with the current acquisition plate by 485 buses; The power drive joint of master control board is succeeded electrical equipment, comprising module relay, total relay, charge relay; The voltage signal joint of voltage acquisition plate connects respectively positive and negative terminal, the temperature signal joint jointing temp sensor of battery, and temperature sensor is arranged on the positive and negative terminals of battery pack, and the balancing disk joint connects balancing disk; The current signal joint of current acquisition plate connects the Hall type current sensor, and wherein current sensor is arranged on total negative terminal of high-tension current; The low pressure storage battery that the 12V/24V on electronlmobil is adopted in the power supply of whole system is powered to it through DC/DC isolation module separately respectively; In order to strengthen the antijamming capability of communication signal, adopt the B0505 power supply chip that the communication power supply is isolated, and adopt the 6N137 high speed photo coupling that communication signal is isolated.At first whole system carries out system failure self check when operation, fault self-checking comprises communication self check, the self check of EEPROM storage data, and fault is carried out alarm display, when self-checking function by the time carry out normal data acquisition, transmission is calculated, fault judgement and parameter display process.
Fig. 2 is amplifier chip power supply control principle drawing, in order to control conveniently, discuss take 8 batteries as one group now, 8 batteries have 9 different positive and negative terminals, be connected on the voltage signal joint of voltage acquisition plate through the high-temperature insulation line, be respectively V1-, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8, because the number of possibility one Battery pack in real process may be less than 8 joints, but generally greater than 2 joints, but in order to increase the practicality of system, voltage signal blank area signal is through receiving respectively the anode tap of diode D1-D6, the cathode terminal of diode is connected, obtain the voltage of an actual Battery pack, for reduce battery management system when the off working state from consumption of current, the voltage of the battery that obtains is connect 8 ports of solid-state relay U1.When system starts, low tension 12V/24V produces 5V voltage through the DC/DC isolation module, 1 port of solid-state relay will become high level, this high level is connected to 2 ports through the inner LED of solid-state relay and passes through resistance R 1 ground connection again, thereby impel the internal relay conducting, pin 7 is connected with pin 8, and the voltage of battery is being powered to amplifier chip 1-8 through capacitor C 1, C2, C3, the work of feasible system; When vehicle is in dead ship condition, low tension is cut off, at this moment whole system will be in off working state, the DC/DC isolation module will not exported 5V voltage, 1 port of solid-state relay becomes low level, can not impel the internal relay conducting, pin 7 and pin 8 will be in off-state, thus when having reduced system's off working state from consumption of current.
Fig. 3 is voltage signal processing circuit figure, due to the number of a Battery pack generally between the 2-8 joint, and all voltage handling principle are similar, the below presses the handling principle of signal to describe to an economize on electricity, the voltage of a general joint lithium cell is all lower than 10V, because the reference voltage of the AD sampling A/D chip that adopts in the present invention is 5V, therefore need to process voltage signal, the anode of single battery connects the in-phase input end of op amp through resistance R 3 as shown in the figure, the negative terminal of single battery connects the reverse input end of op amp through resistance R 4, wherein the in-phase input end of amplifier chip passes through again resistance R 2 ground connection, inverting input connects mouth through resistance R 5, signal output part is through resistance R 1, capacitor C 2 connects the AD chip and gathers port, 4 of amplifier chip, 11 positive and negative feeder ear map interlinkings 2 are through capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2, cell pressure after capacitor C 3, positive feeder ear voltage is through capacitor C 1 filtering in addition, resistance R 2=resistance R 5 in circuit, it is typical amplifier differential amplifier circuit during resistance R 3=resistance R 4.Fig. 3 realized the high precision collecting of voltage signal in conjunction with Fig. 2, when having reduced simultaneously system's off working state from consumption of current.
Although above-mentionedly by reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but be not limiting the scope of the invention; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various modifications that creative work can make or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. battery management system based on coprocessor and solid-state relay, it comprises master control board and the connected current acquisition plate of difference and voltage acquisition plate, it is characterized in that, described master control board is realized the high-tension current insulating monitoring by total anode and total negative terminal that the high-tension current joint connects respectively high-tension current, succeeds electrical equipment by the power drive joint; The SOC that described current acquisition plate adopts coprocessor to be combined with primary processor and realizes battery estimates, connect current sensor by the current signal joint, described current sensor is arranged between relay and the total negative terminal of high-tension current; Described voltage acquisition plate gathers voltage signal by the amplifier chip, and the power supply of amplifier chip is controlled by solid-state relay.
2. battery management system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described system adopts the low pressure storage battery of the 12V/24V on electronlmobil to power to it through DC/DC isolation module separately respectively; Described system adopts the B0505 power supply chip that the communication power supply is isolated, and adopts the 6N137 high speed photo coupling that communication signal is isolated.
3. battery management system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described master control board comprises the USB memory module, is used for the storage working status parameter.
4. battery management system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described master control board is connected with read-out, and described read-out is LCDs, realizes the real-time demonstration to working status parameter; Described master control board is also by CAN bus and electric vehicle instrument and entire car controller communication.
5. battery management system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described master control board also comprises power module I, main controller module I and communication module.
6. battery management system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described relay comprises total relay, module relay and charge relay, described total relay is connected to load, described load is connected to the total anode of high-tension current through wire fuse, described module relay is relay between battery pack, and described battery pack is the cell number that every block of voltage acquisition plate is controlled, and described charge relay connects the battery charger signal.
7. battery management system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described current acquisition plate comprises power module II, main controller module II and current acquisition module.
8. battery management system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described voltage acquisition plate connects respectively the temperature sensor that is arranged on the battery pack positive and negative terminals and the positive and negative terminal of battery by temperature signal joint and voltage signal joint, described voltage acquisition plate has several, and each voltage acquisition plate corresponds to many 8 batteries.
9. battery management system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described voltage acquisition plate is connected with balancing disk by the balancing disk joint.
10. battery management system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described voltage acquisition plate comprises power module III, main controller module III, voltage acquisition module and temperature collection circuit.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN103683428A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-26 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Battery management system for electronic vehicle and electronic vehicle |
| CN105022669A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 | Method for improving BMS system performance by coprocessor |
| CN105691226A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-06-22 | 中国第汽车股份有限公司 | Fault handling system and handling method of lithium ion power battery system |
| CN107696894A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-02-16 | 许继电源有限公司 | A kind of charging system for electric automobile and charge control system |
| CN107797076A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-03-13 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of automobile batteries Current Voltage detection device based on isolation coupling device |
| CN110061549A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-07-26 | 上海瑞垒电子科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent high-voltage direct-current relay module |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103683428A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-26 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Battery management system for electronic vehicle and electronic vehicle |
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| CN110061549A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-07-26 | 上海瑞垒电子科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent high-voltage direct-current relay module |
| CN110061549B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2024-03-26 | 上海瑞垒电子科技有限公司 | Intelligent high-voltage direct-current relay module |
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