CN102062936A - Off-axis TMA optical system for reducing processing and resetting difficulty - Google Patents
Off-axis TMA optical system for reducing processing and resetting difficulty Download PDFInfo
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- CN102062936A CN102062936A CN 201010604156 CN201010604156A CN102062936A CN 102062936 A CN102062936 A CN 102062936A CN 201010604156 CN201010604156 CN 201010604156 CN 201010604156 A CN201010604156 A CN 201010604156A CN 102062936 A CN102062936 A CN 102062936A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an off-axis three-mirror-anastigmatic (TMA) optical system for reducing processing and resetting difficulty, relates to the technical field of space optics, and solves the problems that the conventional off-axis TMA optical system difficultly reaches optical imaging indexes due to difficulty in processing, detection and resetting. In the system, a secondary reflecting mirror is designed to be a sphere, a main reflecting mirror and a third reflecting mirror are designed to be aspheric surfaces, a quadratic term coefficient is set as zero, the main reflecting mirror and the third reflecting mirror are high-order aspheric surfaces containing a six-order term and an eight-order term respectively; thus, the off-axis TMA optical system reaches diffraction limit optical property. When a transfer function is 50 lp, imaging quality is approximately 0.6, and Streh1 Rate is increased from 0.91 to 0.93; surface shape processing tolerance is expanded from Lambda/50 to Lambda/40; and the resetting tolerance of the main reflecting mirror, the secondary reflecting mirror and the third reflecting mirror is expanded by four times. By the system, the processing and resetting difficulty is reduced; and the system can conveniently realize the optical property of diffraction limit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the space optics technical field, be specifically related to a kind of reduce processing and resetting difficulty from axle TMA optical system.
Background technology
Present disappears astigmatism (TMA) Design for optical system in order to eliminate various aberrations from axle three reflections, three catoptrons all are designed to aspheric surface, therefore, made very big difficulty not only for processing and detection, increased a lot of troubles for simultaneously debuging of system, causing the index of the inaccessible optical design of system, even can not satisfy the imaging index request of optical system, this also is to limit this type of optical system for a long time to use fast and reasons of development always.
High resolution space remote sensing still is that civil area all has broad application prospects in military affairs, and the principal mode of space remote sensing is still by the optical camera earth observation at present.In large aperture refraction and refractive and reflective optical system, need to adopt special optical material or the complicated structure second order spectrum that disappears, application is subjected to certain restriction.And reflective optics is owing to not producing aberration, can be used for wide light spectrum image-forming; But light path folding shortens tube length, compact conformation; Each reflecting surface can adopt aspheric surface, with the raising picture element, and can reduce the part number, realizes lightweight; Insensitive to variation of temperature, have advantages such as character consistent in the air simultaneously and be widely used in the Space Remote Sensors with position of focal plane in the vacuum.Can reach anaberration, flattened field requirement from the aspheric surface and the parameter such as interval thereof of axle three reflecting optical systems by each reflecting surface, simultaneously, in recent years owing to process, debug the maturation day by day of technology and advantages such as volume is little, light weight, Heat stability is good thereof, three reflecting optical systems have obtained in the space remote sensing field using widely.
But off-axis aspheric surface is owing to the aspect such as be subjected to design, process, detect and debuging and restrict, limit its fast development for a long time always, must control its process and final inspection by compensator and interferometer in the polishing stage, the processing of compensator and debug and increased new difficulty.Especially the scientific worker is being perplexed in processing of convex aspheric surface secondary mirror and check more, if the secondary mirror material is a transmission material, can detects by the back, but all require high stress homogeneity, the stability of material, in order to improve the characteristic of reflecting mirror material, all adopt the SiC material in recent years.Can only detect or the diffraction optics detection method by Hindle, the processing of Hindle ball is difficulty not only, and has increased many costs, and is also more loaded down with trivial details and difficult by the light path adjustment of Hindle ball detection secondary mirror simultaneously; Detect by diffraction optics method, the adjustment of central optical axis is again an a great problem.
The camera of the three-mirror reflective optical system that adopts in common coaxial three reflecting systems, exists bigger blocking inevitably at present, thereby to passing letter value (MTF) bigger influence is arranged, and is difficult to obtain the relatively value of high pass letter value (MTF); In the TMA of axle system, the image space of certain structures form is bad, and the bad layout of camera perhaps all is designed to aspheric surface for increasing three reflectings surface of field angle; Secondary mirror uses special specular material processing difficulties (as silit), and detects also very difficult.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for solving the existing processing from axle TMA optical system, detect and debug difficulty and then causing the problem of the inaccessible optical imagery index of system, provide a kind of reduce process and resetting difficulty from axle TMA optical system.
A kind of reduce processing and resetting difficulty from axle TMA optical system, comprise the infinite distance target, principal reflection mirror, secondary mirror, the 3rd catoptron and imaging receiver, the infinite distance target is incident to principal reflection mirror,, is received by the imaging receiver after described secondary mirror reflexes to the 3rd catoptron to secondary mirror through primary mirror reflects; Described secondary mirror is a sphere, and principal reflection mirror and the 3rd catoptron are aspheric surface, and the quadratic term coefficient of principal reflection mirror and the 3rd catoptron is set to zero, and described principal reflection mirror, the 3rd catoptron are the high order aspheric surface that contains six items and eight items.
Principle of the present invention: the present invention is by reasonably arranging optical texture, secondary mirror is designed to sphere and primary mirror and three mirrors are passed through to change designs such as high order aspheric surface coefficient on the sphere basis, feasiblely reached the diffraction limit optical characteristics from axle TMA Design for optical system result, transfer function values all near 0.6 image quality, satisfies the requirement of Space Remote Sensors to optical system imaging quality well when 501p.The processing and the check difficult problem of convex aspheric surface secondary mirror have been solved, simultaneously, principal reflection mirror and the 3rd catoptron secondary aspherical coefficient are zero, can be by digital control processing means milling face type on the sphere basis, do not need compensator, can directly use wavefront reconstruction mensuration detection faces type, thus control processing.Below as can be seen, this design be easy to realize three catoptrons processing, detect and debug, thereby use for reference and practical reference value for the widespread use of three-reflection optical system provides.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: TMA optical system of the present invention has been avoided central obscuration, can obtain picture element preferably, can realize the high-resolution requirement in wide visual field from axle TMA optical system, and manufacturability is better, easily processing; Secondary mirror is designed to sphere, has overcome the difficulty of processing and check, help simultaneously realizing that optical system debugs; The secondary conical surface coefficient of principal reflection mirror and the 3rd anti-mirror is set to zero, only keeps four times and six high-order terms, the difficulty that has reduced processing more and detected; Giving to debug simultaneously provides great convenience, helps to obtain the optical characteristics of diffraction limit; TMA optical system of the present invention is suitable for bigger field angle, and volume is less, and is simple in structure, in light weight, can obtain the optical system of higher functional value (MTF).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation from axle TMA optical system that reduces processing and resetting difficulty of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of point range synoptic diagram from axle TMA optical system that reduces processing and resetting difficulty of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of energy distribution synoptic diagram from axle TMA optical system that reduces processing and resetting difficulty of the present invention;
Fig. 4 concerns synoptic diagram for a kind of transport function in axle TMA optical system that reduces processing and resetting difficulty of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1, infinite distance target, 2, principal reflection mirror, 3, secondary mirror, the 4, the 3rd catoptron, 5, the imaging receiver.
Embodiment
Embodiment one, present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, a kind of reduce processing and resetting difficulty from axle TMA optical system, comprise infinite distance target 1, principal reflection mirror 2, secondary mirror 3, the three catoptrons 4 and imaging receiver 5, described infinite distance target 1 is incident to principal reflection mirror 2, reflex to secondary mirror 3 through principal reflection mirror 2, after described secondary mirror 3 reflexes to the 3rd catoptron 4, received by imaging receiver 5; Described secondary mirror 3 is a sphere, and principal reflection mirror 2 and the 3rd catoptron 4 are aspheric surface, and the quadratic term coefficient of principal reflection mirror 2 and the 3rd catoptron 4 is set to zero, and described principal reflection mirror 2 and the 3rd catoptron 4 are for containing the high order aspheric surface of six items and eight items.
Embodiment two, in conjunction with Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 present embodiment is described, present embodiment is embodiment one described a kind of embodiment from axle TMA optical system that reduces processing and resetting difficulty:
The parameter of optical system of present embodiment is determined: require into focal distance f '=2000m, relative aperture D/f '=1/8, D is the bore of optical system, 17 ° of field angle, 4.5 ° of off-axis angles.The observation wave band of system is that visible light wave range is 0.5 μ m～0.7 μ m, and the imaging receiver is the TDI CCD of pixel 10 μ m.Described satellite orbital altitude 1000Km, pixel resolution 5m, pixel size 10 μ m, ground cover width 268Km.
Optical system main structure parameters data are as shown in table 1
Table 1
From table 1, can see, except that keeping time anti-mirror is the sphere, the secondary conical surface COEFFICIENT K of principal reflection mirror and the 3rd catoptron is zero, only keep four times and six high-order terms, therefore, can be by digital control processing means milling face type on the sphere basis, the surface precision of this moment does not need compensator, can directly detect with the wavefront reconstruction mensuration, thereby control processing, the difficulty that has reduced processing more and detected, giving to debug simultaneously provides great convenience, helps to obtain the optical characteristics of diffraction limit.In addition, from the spacing structure data as can be known, also be easier to arrange each parts from the structural design angle, be more prone to realize every technical requirement, more than design also can be saved a large amount of processing and detection time, thereby can reduce cost greatly.
Ground unit's resolution of described optical system and its angular resolution and satellite altitude are proportional; The height of satellite is certain, and the angular resolution that increases optical system just can improve the first resolution in ground effectively; Keep relative aperture certain, increase focal length the entrance pupil diameter is increased, thereby improve the first resolution in ground.On the other hand, the ground coverage of optical system and satellite altitude and field angle are proportional, and satellite altitude is in case determine that the field angle that increases optical system can make ground coverage enlarge.
The ground unit resolution of remote sensing camera is by the pixel dimension of photoelectric sensor, the focal length decision of orbit altitude and optical system.Shown in (1) formula:
In the formula: GSD is the first resolution in ground; H is an orbit altitude; F ' is the optical system focal length; A is the pixel dimension of sensor.
Can be got by Rayleigh criterion, the Aili spot of optical system is by the F of optical system
#Decision, promptly
ψ＝2.44λF
# (2)
In the formula, F
#Be the inverse of the relative aperture of optical system, λ is a wavelength, that is:
F
#＝f′/D (3)
D is the bore of optical system in the formula.
The cover width on ground will be by the apparent field angle 2 ω decision of space camera, and when orbit altitude H one timing, ground cover width Q is determined by (4) formula:
Q＝2×H×tanω (4)
In the formula: Q is the ground cover width; ω is an angle of half field-of view.
The pixel size a of receiver and the Aili spot ψ size of optical system exist following relation to allow,
a＝(0.7～0.8)ψ (5)
For coaxial three reflecting optical systems, the maximum field of view angle is substantially about 3 ° under the good situation of various aberration corrections.For avoiding central obscuration, carried out eccentric principal reflection mirror and the 3rd catoptron and inclination, so that enlarge the optical system visual field, thereby increase the ground cover width.
Table 2 is debug tolerance for optical system of the present invention and is debug the result that tolerance is compared with traditional optical system.
Table 2
By calculating as can be known, this system tolerance is looser, and the tolerance accumulated probability is 100% o'clock, and ssystem transfer function is also near 0.6, and the difficulty that this explanation can reduce processing and debug helps system to realize the optical characteristics of diffraction limit.In conjunction with Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 as can be seen, in full spectral coverage, full field range, under the Nyquist frequency, near 0.6 image quality, Strehl Rate brings up to 0.93 by 0.91 to transport function of the present invention when 501p; Face shape machining tolerance is loosened to λ/40 by λ/50; The tolerance of debuging of principal reflection mirror, secondary mirror, the 3rd catoptron is relaxed 4 times, and optical system of the present invention has reached diffraction limit.Energy is more concentrated, satisfies good image quality.
Claims (1)
- One kind reduce processing and resetting difficulty from axle TMA optical system, comprise infinite distance target (1), principal reflection mirror (2), secondary mirror (3), the 3rd catoptron (4) and imaging receiver (5), described infinite distance target (1) is incident to principal reflection mirror (2), reflex to secondary mirror (3) through principal reflection mirror (2), after described secondary mirror (3) reflexes to the 3rd catoptron (4), received by imaging receiver (5); It is characterized in that, described secondary mirror (3) is a sphere, principal reflection mirror (2) is an aspheric surface with the 3rd catoptron (4), and described principal reflection mirror (2) is set to zero with the quadratic term coefficient of the 3rd catoptron (4), and described principal reflection mirror (2), the 3rd catoptron (4) are for containing the high order aspheric surface of six items and eight items.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102590993A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2012-07-18 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Rectangular large-field distortion-eliminated off-axis three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) optical system |
| CN103246053A (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-08-14 | 长春理工大学 | Wide-width off-axis three-reflection-mirror optical system adopting free curved surface |
| CN103293697A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-09-11 | 中科院南京天文仪器有限公司 | Large-visual-field off-axis prime focus type collimator optical system |
| CN103809277A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-21 | 清华大学 | Off-axis triple-reflector |
| CN104391366A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-04 | 电子科技大学 | Terahertz-band off-axis three-reflector system and debugging method thereof |
| CN106225712A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-14 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of off-axis three anti-aspheric optical systems benchmaring and processing method altogether |
| CN109143558A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-04 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of round-the-clock optical system of star sensor of miniaturization |
| CN112068295A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Off-axis reflection type internal focusing optical system |
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| CN103809278B (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2016-09-14 | 清华大学 | Off-axis three anti-mirrors |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102590993A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2012-07-18 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Rectangular large-field distortion-eliminated off-axis three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) optical system |
| CN103809277A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-21 | 清华大学 | Off-axis triple-reflector |
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| CN103246053A (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-08-14 | 长春理工大学 | Wide-width off-axis three-reflection-mirror optical system adopting free curved surface |
| CN103293697A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-09-11 | 中科院南京天文仪器有限公司 | Large-visual-field off-axis prime focus type collimator optical system |
| CN104391366A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-04 | 电子科技大学 | Terahertz-band off-axis three-reflector system and debugging method thereof |
| CN106225712A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-14 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of off-axis three anti-aspheric optical systems benchmaring and processing method altogether |
| CN109143558A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-04 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of round-the-clock optical system of star sensor of miniaturization |
| CN109143558B (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2023-08-08 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Miniaturized all-weather star sensor optical system |
| CN112068295A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Off-axis reflection type internal focusing optical system |
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