CN102062869A - Method for designing seismic exploration and observation system - Google Patents
Method for designing seismic exploration and observation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102062869A CN102062869A CN2009102381863A CN200910238186A CN102062869A CN 102062869 A CN102062869 A CN 102062869A CN 2009102381863 A CN2009102381863 A CN 2009102381863A CN 200910238186 A CN200910238186 A CN 200910238186A CN 102062869 A CN102062869 A CN 102062869A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for designing a seismic exploration and observation system, which comprises the following steps of: 1) arranging a shot row and a detector to form a first arrangement sheet, exciting shotpoints in the shot row one by one, and recording seismic waves generated when the shotpoints are excited by using the detector; 2) moving the detector in the first arrangement sheet and re-arranging the shot row to form a plurality of arrangement sheets, wherein the shotpoints in the shot row are excited one by one after each arrangement sheet is formed, the detector records the seismic waves generated when the shotpoints are excited, and the next arrangement sheet is formed; and 3) taking the arrangement sheets formed in the step 1) and the step (2) as a composite template, rolling the composite template horizontally and vertically in an exploration area, and executing the steps 1) and 2) every time the composite template is rolled until the exploration area is covered. Therefore, compared with the conventional method for designing the seismic exploration and observation system, the method for designing the seismic exploration and observation system can greatly save the acquisition cost of seismic exploration, particularly three-dimensional three-component exploration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of seismic exploration, and relate in particular to a kind of seismic prospecting recording geometry method for designing.
Background technology
For detail knowledge underground structure form, need follow the trail of the reflection wave at underground each interface continuously.For this reason, just must on many shot points, distinguish earthquake-wave-exciting, and repeatedly observe along survey line.During each observation, the position of demolition point and geophone station will keep certain relation, the relation of this shot point and geophone station, and we often are referred to as recording geometry.
Figure 1 shows that existing most of recording geometry, it adopts the center mode of excitation to blow out.As shown in the figure, this recording geometry comprises many parallel, equidistant and Justified seislines (represent with horizontal line among the figure, and only show 4 among the figure, all the other seislines omit with dotted line), evenly is placed with a plurality of wave detectors on this seisline.Center in the zone that described seisline constituted, be placed with a shot point (representing with black circle among the figure), when this shot point excites, being positioned at wave detector on the seisline can receive shot point and excite the seismic event that is produced, by the seismic event that is received is handled and analyzed, just can learn underground structure form or oily situation.
In the three-dimensional compressional wave recording geometry of existing conventional, in order to realize the super multitrace seismogram of seismic event, great majority all need to use a large amount of wave detectors.But when being the exploration of three-dimensional three-component, the cost of the digital three-component seismometer of per pass is very high, if still adopt conventional compressional wave recording geometry, can increase the seismic data acquisition equipment cost greatly like this.
Summary of the invention
For the observation system template that overcomes prior art is that the requirement that reaches super multitrace seismogram needs to use a large amount of wave detectors, cause the too high defective of cost, spy of the present invention provides a kind of seismic prospecting recording geometry method for designing, and this method just can realize super multitrace seismogram by using less wave detector.
Seismic prospecting recording geometry method for designing provided by the invention comprises: step 1): arrange big gun row and wave detector, form the first order sheet; Excite the shot point among the big gun row one by one, the seismic event that wave detector record shot point is produced when exciting; Step 2):, form a plurality of arrangement sheets by moving the wave detector in the described first order sheet and rearranging big gun row; Wherein, one of every formation is arranged after the sheet, excites the shot point among the big gun row one by one, and the seismic event that wave detector record shot point is produced when exciting forms next afterwards again and arranges sheet; Step 3): with above-mentioned step 1) and step 2) combination of formed arrangement sheet is as a composite shuttering in, with this composite shuttering in the exploratory area in length and breadth to rolling, every rolling once, execution in step 1) and step 2), till having covered the exploratory area.
Than the recording geometry of utilizing prior art, to excite number of times be cost to seismic prospecting recording geometry method for designing of the present invention to increase shot point, reducing the use of wave detector, and reaches identical road number with the prior art recording geometry.Than the cost that shot point excites, the wave detector particularly cost of three-component digital geophone is much bigger, and therefore, seismic prospecting recording geometry method for designing of the present invention will be far below the recording geometry of utilizing prior art on cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the recording geometry of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the first order sheet in the recording geometry composite shuttering of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the layout relationship synoptic diagram that first to fourth in the recording geometry composite shuttering of the present invention arranged;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of recording geometry composite shuttering of the present invention; And
Fig. 5 is the roll mode synoptic diagram of recording geometry composite shuttering of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing.
The invention provides a kind of seismic prospecting recording geometry method for designing, this method comprises: step 1): arrange big gun row and wave detector, form the first order sheet; Excite the shot point among the big gun row one by one, the seismic event that wave detector record shot point is produced when exciting; Step 2):, form a plurality of arrangement sheets by moving the wave detector in the described first order sheet and rearranging big gun row; Wherein, one of every formation is arranged after the sheet, excites the shot point among the big gun row one by one, and the seismic event that wave detector record shot point is produced when exciting forms next afterwards again and arranges sheet; Step 3): with above-mentioned step 1) and step 2) combination of formed arrangement sheet is as a composite shuttering in, with this composite shuttering in the exploratory area in length and breadth to rolling, every rolling once, execution in step 1) and step 2), till having covered the exploratory area.
Wherein, in two arrangement sheets of adjacent formation, big gun is arranged and is placed the not homonymy of arranging sheet.For example, at first form one and arrange sheet, arrange in the sheet at this, big gun row is arranged in the left side of this arrangement sheet; After the big gun row in having excited this arrangement sheet, form another and arrange sheet, arrange in the sheet at this, big gun row is arranged in the right side of this arrangement sheet.By the mode of using this kind both sides alternately to excite, can form complete brickwall structure.
Introduce a kind of embodiment of described composite shuttering below.
Place a plurality of wave detectors on every seisline of many seislines, the wave detector quantity on every seisline equates and spacing equates, described many seislines are parallel to each other, equidistantly and justify align; First bombard row is placed an end of article one seisline, with second big gun row place on the last item seisline with described first bombard ranking in the identical end of an end of article one seisline, these two big gun rankings form the first order sheet in the outside in the zone that described many seislines constituted with this.The structure of this first order sheet as shown in Figure 2, among the figure, many parallel seislines are shown horizontal line, and only show 4, all the other seislines omit with dotted line; The big gun row who lays respectively at article one and the last item seisline end points place represents with filled circles.
Wherein, described big gun row generally places below the water table aquifer on stratum, for example generally at the following 3-5m of water table aquifer.Described wave detector generally is arranged in the face of land, is used to receive by big gun row excite the seismic event that is produced, for example various ripples such as reflection wave, refraction wave.
After two big gun rows in having excited the first order sheet, with a plurality of wave detectors in the first order sheet along 2 seisline distances of seisline translation, the 3rd big gun row is placed the opposite end of an end that is positioned at first order sheet big gun row on article one seisline, with the 4th big gun row place on the last item seisline with described the 3rd big gun ranking in the identical end of an end of article one seisline, these two big gun rankings form the second order sheet in the inboard in the zone that described many seislines constituted with this; The structure of this second order sheet and with respect to the position of first order sheet sees also Fig. 3.
After two big gun rows in having excited the second order sheet, 2 seisline distances of direction translation with the wave detector translation when forming the second order sheet of a plurality of wave detectors in the second order sheet, the 5th big gun row is placed the opposite end of an end that is positioned at second order sheet big gun row on article one seisline, with the 6th big gun row place on the last item seisline with described the 5th big gun ranking in the identical end of an end of article one seisline, these two big gun rankings form the 3rd with this and arrange sheet in the inboard in the zone that described many seislines constituted; The 3rd arranges the structure of sheet and with respect to first and second position of arranging sheet, sees also Fig. 3.
After having excited the 3rd two big gun rows that arrange in the sheet, arrange a plurality of wave detectors in the sheet along 2 the seisline distances of direction translation that form the 3rd translation of wave detector when arranging sheet with the 3rd, the 7th big gun row is placed the opposite end of an end that is positioned at the 3rd arrangement sheet big gun row on article one seisline, with the 8th big gun row place on the last item seisline with described the 7th big gun ranking in the identical end of an end of article one seisline, these two big gun rankings form the 4th with this and arrange sheet in the outside in the zone that described many seislines constituted.The 4th arranges the structure of sheet and with respect to first, second and third position of arranging sheet, sees also Fig. 3.
In above-mentioned composite shuttering, each arranges sheet can comprise 32 parallel seislines, has 128 road wave detectors on every seisline; Or each arranges sheet and can comprise 16 parallel seislines, has 256 road wave detectors on every seisline.Wherein, described seisline spacing can be preferably 200m, and the phone spacing (that is track pitch) on every seisline can be preferably 50m.Certainly the present invention is not limited to this, and the seisline of other quantity, wave detector road number and other big or small seisline spacing and track pitches also are fine.
In above-mentioned composite shuttering, each big gun row can have 1-16 shot point among described two big guns row, is preferably 4 shot points, and minimum shotpoint spacing can be 70.71m.
Since transformed wave the reflected energy of nearly geophone offset a little less than, and consider the influence of explosion interference of shortcut focus and ground roll, it is generally acknowledged that minimum geophone offset should strengthen.But consider to utilize primary wave information, adopt the tomographic inversion technology to obtain near-surface velocity model.The selection of minimum geophone offset should be the smaller the better, preferably can select 0.5 track pitch for use.
The selection of maximum offset also needs determine by certain principle of compressional wave and transformed wave exploration usefulness the geophone offset scope of transformed wave exploration except that the requirement that must satisfy 5 aspects of longitudinal wave exploration (zone of interest buried depth, velocity analysis precision, reflection are positioned at reflection at critical angle and analyze with, nmo stretching distortion, AVO).The maximum offset of transformed wave exploration should take into full account the receiver window of converted shear wave, and best mode is to determine best maximum offset by the forward simulation analysis.At this, maximum offset can be set at 500-15000m.
Fig. 4 shows the structure of final formed composite shuttering.Certainly, arrange sheet in the composite shuttering of the present invention and be not limited to above-mentioned layout and four situations of arranging sheet, the arrangement sheet of other quantity and layout also is fine.
For three-dimensional three-component exploration, the size of rolling distance is very big for the influence that is total to transfer point degree of covering, geophone offset distribution, orientation characteristic etc.The little rolling apart from the homogeneity that helps common transfer point covering, and the geophone offset distribution is improved.For guaranteeing that transformed wave has good orientation characteristic, minimum geophone offset and maximum offset are evenly distributed, and laterally roll apart from preferably being not more than 2 seisline distances, vertically roll apart from preferably being not more than 4 track pitches.So at this, preferably, the horizontal rolling of described composite shuttering is apart from being 2 seisline distances, vertically roll apart from being 4 track pitches, with when reaching maximum rolling efficient, realize the improvement that geophone offset distributes simultaneously.
Present recording geometry type mainly contains quadrature formula, quadrature brickwall and oblique brickwall.The rolling of described composite shuttering can make that the distribution of big gun line and seisline is brickwall in the whole recording geometry.As for this brickwall is quadrature brickwall or oblique brickwall, the direction that then depends on big gun row and seisline, if both phase quadratures, then will cause the orthogonal thereto brickwall of whole recording geometry, in the described composite shuttering first to fourth arranged in sheet each and arranged two big guns in sheet and come on the direction perpendicular to seisline and align this moment; If both obliques, then cause whole recording geometry to become the oblique brickwall, each two big gun arranging in sheet comes the preset distance of being separated by on the seisline direction in first to fourth arrangement sheet in the described composite shuttering at this moment, and this preset distance equals tan (angle of oblique) * first to the distance between the last item seisline.By degree of covering be the analysis showed that, satisfying under the identical condition of compressional wave degree of covering, oblique brickwall recording geometry transfer point degree of covering altogether distributes more even.Seeing that oblique brickwall recording geometry also is better than the quadrature brickwall on distribution of transfer point bin geophone offset and the azimuthal distribution feature altogether.If barrier distributes than comparatively dense, shot point will have major part not distribute by the normal observation system type, the more suitable three-dimensional transformed wave exploration of oblique brickwall recording geometry.Therefore, preferably, described big gun row and seisline oblique, for easy construction, preferably, the angle of oblique is 45 degree.
Fig. 5 shows composite shuttering in the seismic prospecting recording geometry method for designing of the present invention at formed coverage diagram after rolling repeatedly in length and breadth, below in conjunction with Fig. 5 the advantage of being brought of recording geometry composite shuttering of the present invention is described.Composite shuttering 100-400 has been shown among Fig. 5, and wherein, composite shuttering 200-400 forms after rolling repeatedly in length and breadth by composite shuttering 100.Each arrangement sheet at this hypothesis composite shuttering has 32 to receive lines, and every reception line has 128 wave detectors, and the road number that obtains in a composite shuttering is 32 * 128 * 4=16384 road so, but has only used 32 * 128=4096 wave detector.If adopt conventional split shooting mode, expect 16384 roads, then need 16384 wave detectors.A kind of conventional split shooting mode of A point expression among Fig. 5, but composite shuttering always forms and the similar situation of A point through after the horizontal and vertical rolling.Therefore, composite shuttering has realized that with 4096 wave detectors conventional split shooting needs the function of 16384 wave detectors, but has saved cost (three-component seismometer is very expensive, about 10000 yuan/road) greatly.By the analysis of recording geometry attribute behind the big gun, the effect that composite shuttering obtains exploring is suitable at the template way of aspects such as degree of covering, offset distance distribution and split shooting, and particularly the advantage aspect the homogeneity of transformed wave degree of covering is more outstanding.
Because the three-dimensional three-component exploration of wide-azimuth generally all needs high degree of covering (more than at least 100 times), top example just can obtain 16384 roads with 4096 wave detectors in a composite shuttering, just increased certain big gun row quantity, but big gun row's cost is with respect to the three-component digital geophone, and cost is much lower relatively.Therefore, composite shuttering provided by the present invention has been saved cost greatly.
Therefore, composite shuttering of the present invention has and saves cost, increases in length and breadth the ripple degree of covering, the geophone offset of ripple is distributed improve and the transformed wave transfer point degree of covering more uniform effect that distributes altogether.
Claims (11)
1. seismic prospecting recording geometry method for designing, this method comprises:
Step 1): arrange big gun row and wave detector, form the first order sheet; Excite the shot point among the big gun row one by one, the seismic event that wave detector record shot point is produced when exciting;
Step 2):, form a plurality of arrangement sheets by moving the wave detector in the described first order sheet and rearranging big gun row; Wherein, one of every formation is arranged after the sheet, excites the shot point among the big gun row one by one, and the seismic event that wave detector record shot point is produced when exciting forms next afterwards again and arranges sheet;
Step 3): with above-mentioned step 1) and step 2) combination of formed arrangement sheet is as a composite shuttering in, with this composite shuttering in the exploratory area in length and breadth to rolling, every rolling once, execution in step 1) and step 2), till having covered the exploratory area.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, in two arrangement sheets of adjacent formation, big gun is arranged and is placed the not homonymy of arranging sheet.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described step 1) comprises: place a plurality of wave detectors on every seisline of many seislines, the wave detector quantity on every seisline equates and spacing equates, described many seislines are parallel to each other, equidistantly and justify align; First bombard row is placed an end of article one seisline, with second big gun row place on the last item seisline with described first bombard ranking in the identical end of an end of article one seisline, these two big gun rankings form the first order sheet in the outside in the zone that described many seislines constituted with this; And
Excite the shot point of big gun row in the first order sheet one by one, the seismic event that wave detector record shot point is produced when exciting.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described step 2) comprising: with each wave detector in the first order sheet along 2 seisline distances of seisline translation, the 3rd big gun row is placed the opposite end of an end that is positioned at first order sheet big gun row on article one seisline, with the 4th big gun row place on the last item seisline with described the 3rd big gun ranking in the identical end of an end of article one seisline, these two big gun rankings form the second order sheet in the inboard in the zone that described many seislines constituted with this; Excite the shot point of big gun row in the second order sheet one by one, the seismic event that wave detector record shot point is produced when exciting;
2 seisline distances of direction translation with the wave detector translation when forming the second order sheet of each wave detector in the second order sheet, the 5th big gun row is placed the opposite end of an end that is positioned at second order sheet big gun row on article one seisline, with the 6th big gun row place on the last item seisline with described the 5th big gun ranking in the identical end of an end of article one seisline, these two big gun rankings form the 3rd with this and arrange sheet in the inboard in the zone that described many seislines constituted; Excite the shot point among the 3rd big gun row who arranges in the sheet one by one, the seismic event that wave detector record shot point is produced when exciting; And
Arrange each wave detector in the sheet along 2 the seisline distances of direction translation that form the 3rd translation of wave detector when arranging sheet with the 3rd, the 7th big gun row is placed the opposite end of an end that is positioned at the 3rd arrangement sheet big gun row on article one seisline, with the 8th big gun row place on the last item seisline with described the 7th big gun ranking in the identical end of an end of article one seisline, these two big gun rankings form the 4th with this and arrange sheet in the outside in the zone that described many seislines constituted; Excite the shot point among the 4th big gun row who arranges in the sheet one by one, the seismic event that wave detector record shot point is produced when exciting.
5. method according to claim 4, wherein, described big gun row and described seisline oblique, described each two big gun arranging in the sheet that first to fourth arranges sheet come the preset distance of being separated by on the seisline direction, and this preset distance equals tan (angle of oblique) * first to the distance between the last item seisline.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, described big gun row is 45 degree with the oblique angle of described seisline.
7. method according to claim 4, wherein, described big gun row and described seisline quadrature, described first to fourth arrange sheet each arrange two big guns in sheet and come on the direction perpendicular to seisline and align.
8. method according to claim 4, wherein, minimum geophone offset is 0.5 track pitch.
9. method according to claim 4, wherein, maximum offset is 500-15000m.
10. method according to claim 1, wherein, the each distance of laterally rolling of described composite shuttering is 2 seisline distances.
11. method according to claim 1, wherein, the each distance of vertically rolling of described composite shuttering is 4 track pitches.
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| CN102262240A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2011-11-30 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for automatically arranging geophone points and demodulator probes in overall coverage area of three-dimensional observation system |
| CN102998698A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2013-03-27 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for acquiring large-azimuth seismic data by aid of bunched submarine cables |
| CN103995281A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2014-08-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for rapid rolling laying of three-dimensional observation system |
| CN104635259A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-20 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and device for determining observation system arrangement piece range |
| CN105467460A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-06 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and device for electromagnetic prospecting |
| CN105723249A (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2016-06-29 | 西方奇科抗震控股有限公司 | Seismic survey using an augmented reality device |
| CN112799122A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-14 | 李向阳 | Three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method |
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| CN114076975A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional seismic observation system layout method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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| CN1130571C (en) * | 2001-07-05 | 2003-12-10 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Three-D earthquake prediction and observation system restoring technology |
| US6681185B1 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-01-20 | Eseis | Method of seismic signal processing |
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| CN102262240B (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2013-04-03 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for automatically arranging geophone points and demodulator probes in overall coverage area of three-dimensional observation system |
| CN102262240A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2011-11-30 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for automatically arranging geophone points and demodulator probes in overall coverage area of three-dimensional observation system |
| CN102998698A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2013-03-27 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for acquiring large-azimuth seismic data by aid of bunched submarine cables |
| CN102998698B (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2015-08-19 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of pencil subsea cable wide-azimuth seismic data acquisition method |
| CN105723249A (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2016-06-29 | 西方奇科抗震控股有限公司 | Seismic survey using an augmented reality device |
| CN104635259B (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2017-09-01 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | It is a kind of to determine the method and device that observation system arranges piece scope |
| CN104635259A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-20 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and device for determining observation system arrangement piece range |
| CN103995281A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2014-08-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for rapid rolling laying of three-dimensional observation system |
| CN105467460A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-06 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and device for electromagnetic prospecting |
| CN113917524A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-01-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Near-surface fine detection method based on cable-free node station |
| CN113917524B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2024-03-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Near-surface fine detection method based on cable-free node station |
| CN114076975A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional seismic observation system layout method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112799122A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-14 | 李向阳 | Three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method |
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