CN112799122A - Three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112799122A CN112799122A CN202110014344.8A CN202110014344A CN112799122A CN 112799122 A CN112799122 A CN 112799122A CN 202110014344 A CN202110014344 A CN 202110014344A CN 112799122 A CN112799122 A CN 112799122A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/003—Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/04—Details
- G01V1/09—Transporting arrangements, e.g. on vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/104—Generating seismic energy using explosive charges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/168—Deployment of receiver elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method, in particular to the technical field of three-dimensional seismic exploration construction, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: covering the collection line; step two: arrangement of the acquisition stations; step three: setting a receiving channel; step four: dividing the space; step five: covering the shot point; step six: and confirming the construction boundary. According to the invention, through the arrangement of the first step to the fourth step, the polarized wave with a certain direction can be excited and received during three-dimensional seismic exploration, and each time when the line is reversed, the vehicle only needs to walk one eighth of the original distance on the measuring line or move the collected objects on the measuring line arrangement, so that the line reversing task can be completed, a large number of vehicles are saved, the construction cost is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional seismic exploration construction, in particular to a three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method.
Background
Seismic exploration refers to a geophysical exploration method for deducing the properties and forms of underground rock formations by observing and analyzing the response of the earth to artificially-excited seismic waves by utilizing the difference between the elasticity and the density of a subsurface medium caused by artificial excitation. When the earth surface excites the earthquake wave artificially, the elastic wave caused by artificial excitation meets the rock layer interface with different medium properties, the earthquake wave is refracted and reflected, and the earthquake wave is received by a wave detector in the earth surface or well. The received seismic signals are related to the seismic source characteristics, the location of the geophone points, and the nature and structure of the subterranean strata through which the seismic waves pass. By processing and interpreting seismic wave recordings, the nature and morphology of the subterranean formation can be inferred. Seismic exploration is the most important method in geophysical exploration and the most effective method for solving the problem of oil and gas exploration, and seismic data play more and more important roles in mineral exploration and development.
At present, when three-dimensional seismic exploration is carried out by earthquake at home and abroad, a plurality of measuring lines are required to be arranged on the ground during acquisition, a plurality of detectors are arranged on each measuring line and used for receiving wave beams emitted from a seismic source and reflected by a stratum, the waves are sent into a seismograph through a lead for recording, finally, the received waveforms are arranged through a computer, and are drawn into a structural diagram to find out the underground structure with possible oil storage through intermediate product, so the arrangement and arrangement speed of the measuring lines during the seismic exploration is a key ring in the field seismic work. If eight measuring lines (collecting lines) are arranged, each line has 6-150 receiving channels, the distance between each receiving channel is 50 meters, namely the total length of one measuring line can reach 3 kilometers, and when the line is rewound, a worker places the receiving channels on each collecting station from top to bottom on a kilometer long road by using a special line rewinding vehicle. Eight survey lines need eight rewinders to move simultaneously, and the demodulator probe of laying is too much, and the construction boundary is great, and boundary portion demodulator probe does not contribute to the material in the full coverage, and this has increased construction cost undoubtedly, has lengthened the time limit for a project, has reduced the efficiency of construction, and is laborious again.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method, which comprises the steps of determining a construction boundary under the condition of ensuring the completeness of a demodulator probe and a demodulator line of a shot-geophone correlation sheet through the arrangement of the step five and the step six, optimizing the demodulator probe and the demodulator line of a three-dimensional work area outside the construction boundary so as to carry out three-dimensional seismic exploration construction according to the construction boundary, aiming at the three-dimensional work area to be constructed, optimizing partial demodulator probes and demodulator lines of the three-dimensional work area under the condition of ensuring the completeness of the shot-geophone correlation sheet according to the shot-geophone correlation sheet and a full coverage range, namely ensuring that the demodulator probe and the demodulator line of the shot-geophone correlation sheet cannot be lost, meeting the requirement of pre-stack migration processing of data in the full coverage range, greatly reducing the demodulator probes used for construction, shortening the construction period and reducing the labor cost,
through the arrangement of the first step to the fourth step, when three-dimensional seismic exploration is carried out, polarized waves with a certain direction can be excited and received, and transverse waves can be polarized under certain conditions. Therefore, the transverse waves can be divided into two types, when the line is reversed every time, the vehicle only needs to walk on the measuring line for one eighth of the original distance or move the collected objects on the measuring line arrangement, the line reversing task can be completed, a large number of vehicles are saved, the construction cost is reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, and the problems that in the prior art, due to the fact that the line reversing vehicle is consumed in a large quantity, the number of arranged wave detection points is too large, the construction boundary is large, the detection points of the boundary part do not contribute to the materials in the full coverage range, the construction cost is increased, the construction period is prolonged, the construction efficiency is reduced, and labor is wasted are solved.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: a three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: covering the collection line: arranging 8-10 acquisition lines on the ground in the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area;
step two: arrangement of the acquisition stations: arranging 8-10 collection lines in parallel at intervals of 120-150 meters, and then arranging 20-25 collection stations on each collection line at intervals of 210-250 meters;
step three: setting a receiving channel: 6-15 receiving channels are arranged on each acquisition station;
step four: dividing the space: dividing 8-10 collecting line sections into 7-12 sections according to the same size specification, and inserting section flags with different colors into each section;
step five: covering shot points: placing the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet on the transverse boundary of the acquisition line, placing one shot point on the shot-checking relation sheet at the intersection of the acquisition line and preventing the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet from being arranged outside the exploration interval range;
step six: confirming a construction boundary: the direction of a geophone correlation piece is parallel to the direction of a geophone line of a three-dimensional work area, and the transverse boundary and the longitudinal boundary are respectively acquisition line boundaries which are perpendicular to and parallel to the direction of the geophone line, so that the completeness of a geophone point and the geophone line of the geophone correlation piece is ensured, a construction boundary is determined, and three-dimensional seismic exploration construction is carried out.
Further, in step four, each interval is 700m 600m to 700m 900 m.
Further, the acquisition station in step two is a detector with directional sensitivity to particle motion in one direction.
Further, in the fifth step, the shot on the shot relation sheet has limitation on the particle motion direction.
Further, in the fifth step, the shot-checking relation pieces are rectangular, the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area is also rectangular, the area of the shot-checking relation pieces is smaller than that of the three-dimensional work area, and the shot points in the shot-checking relation pieces are arranged in a row.
Further, in the fifth step, when the lateral boundary of the full coverage area of the three-dimensional work area is not located on the shot point of the three-dimensional work area and the shot point of the three-dimensional work area is located on the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage area, the shot point on the shot detection relation piece is placed on the shot point which is outside the full coverage area and is closest to the lateral boundary of the full coverage area, one shot point on the shot point relation piece is placed on the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage area, and no shot point on the shot detection relation piece is located outside the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage area.
Further, in the sixth step, when the lateral boundary of the full coverage area of the three-dimensional work area is not located on the shot point of the three-dimensional work area and no shot point of the three-dimensional work area is located on the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage area, the shot point on the shot detection relation sheet is placed on the shot point which is outside the full coverage area and is closest to the lateral boundary of the full coverage area, and only one shot point on the shot detection relation sheet is located outside the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage area.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that through the arrangement of the first step to the fourth step, the polarized wave with a certain direction can be excited and received during the three-dimensional seismic exploration, the transverse wave can be polarized under a certain condition, and the polarization is that when the transverse wave passes through, if mass points move in one direction, the transverse wave is polarized in the direction. Therefore, the transverse waves can be divided into two types, and when the line is reversed every time, the vehicle only needs to walk on the measuring line for one eighth of the original distance or move the collected objects on the measuring line arrangement, so that the line reversing task can be completed, a large number of vehicles are saved, the construction cost is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved;
2. through the arrangement of the fifth step and the sixth step, compared with the prior art, the construction boundary is determined under the condition that the integrity of the demodulator probe and the demodulator trace of the shot-geophone correlation sheet is ensured, the demodulator probe and the demodulator trace of the three-dimensional work area outside the construction boundary are optimized, three-dimensional seismic exploration construction is carried out according to the construction boundary, and partial demodulator probes and demodulator traces of the three-dimensional work area are optimized under the condition that the integrity of the shot-geophone correlation sheet is ensured, namely the demodulator probe and the demodulator trace of the shot-geophone correlation sheet cannot be lost, according to the shot-geophone correlation sheet and the full coverage range, so that the requirements of pre-stack migration processing can be met by data in the full coverage range, the demodulator probes used for construction are greatly reduced, the construction period is shortened, and the labor cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method, which comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: covering the collection line: arranging 8 acquisition lines on the ground in the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area;
step two: arrangement of the acquisition stations: arranging 8 acquisition lines in parallel at intervals of 120 meters, and arranging 20 detectors with directional sensitivity to particle motion in one direction on each acquisition line at intervals of 210 meters;
step three: setting a receiving channel: each acquisition station is provided with 6 receiving channels;
step four: dividing the space: dividing 8 collection line segments into 7 intervals according to the same size specification, wherein the specification of each interval is 700m x 600m, and inserting interval flags of different colors into each interval;
step five: covering shot points: arranging the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet on the transverse boundary of the acquisition line, arranging one shot point on the shot-checking relation sheet at the intersection of the acquisition line and preventing the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet from being arranged outside the exploration interval range, wherein the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet have limitation on the motion direction of particles, the shot-checking relation sheet is rectangular, the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area is also rectangular, the area of the shot-checking relation sheet is smaller than that of the three-dimensional work area, the shot points in the shot-checking relation sheet are arranged in a row, when the transverse boundary of the full coverage area of the three-dimensional work area is not positioned on the shot point of the three-dimensional work area and the shot point of the three-dimensional work area is positioned on the extension line of the longitudinal boundary of the full coverage area, placing the shot points on the shot detection relation sheet on the shot points which are outside the full coverage range and are closest to the transverse boundary of the full coverage range, placing one shot point on the shot point relation sheet on the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage range, and enabling no shot point on the shot detection relation sheet to be outside the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage range;
step six: confirming a construction boundary: the method comprises the steps of enabling the direction of a wave detection line of a shot-inspection relational sheet to be parallel to the direction of a wave detection line of a three-dimensional work area, enabling a transverse boundary and a longitudinal boundary to be respectively acquisition line boundaries perpendicular to and parallel to the direction of the wave detection line, ensuring that a wave detection point and the wave detection line of the shot-inspection relational sheet are complete, determining a construction boundary, conducting three-dimensional seismic exploration construction, placing a shot point on the shot-inspection relational sheet on a shot point which is out of a full coverage range and is closest to the transverse boundary of the full coverage range when the transverse boundary of the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area is not located on the shot point of the three-dimensional work area and no shot point of the three-dimensional work area is located on a longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage range, and enabling only one shot point on the shot-inspection relational sheet to be located.
Example 2:
the invention provides a three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method, which comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: covering the collection line: 9 acquisition lines are arranged on the ground within the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area;
step two: arrangement of the acquisition stations: arranging 9 acquisition lines in parallel at intervals of 135 meters, and then arranging 23 detectors with directional sensitivity to particle motion in one direction on each acquisition line at intervals of 230 meters;
step three: setting a receiving channel: each acquisition station is provided with 10 receiving channels;
step four: dividing the space: dividing the 9 acquisition line segments into 9 intervals according to the equal size specification, wherein the specification of each interval is 700m x 700m, and inserting interval flags with different colors into each interval;
step five: covering shot points: arranging the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet on the transverse boundary of the acquisition line, arranging one shot point on the shot-checking relation sheet at the intersection of the acquisition line and preventing the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet from being arranged outside the exploration interval range, wherein the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet have limitation on the motion direction of particles, the shot-checking relation sheet is rectangular, the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area is also rectangular, the area of the shot-checking relation sheet is smaller than that of the three-dimensional work area, the shot points in the shot-checking relation sheet are arranged in a row, when the transverse boundary of the full coverage area of the three-dimensional work area is not positioned on the shot point of the three-dimensional work area and the shot point of the three-dimensional work area is positioned on the extension line of the longitudinal boundary of the full coverage area, placing the shot points on the shot detection relation sheet on the shot points which are outside the full coverage range and are closest to the transverse boundary of the full coverage range, placing one shot point on the shot point relation sheet on the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage range, and enabling no shot point on the shot detection relation sheet to be outside the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage range;
step six: confirming a construction boundary: the method comprises the steps of enabling the direction of a wave detection line of a shot-inspection relational sheet to be parallel to the direction of a wave detection line of a three-dimensional work area, enabling a transverse boundary and a longitudinal boundary to be respectively acquisition line boundaries perpendicular to and parallel to the direction of the wave detection line, ensuring that a wave detection point and the wave detection line of the shot-inspection relational sheet are complete, determining a construction boundary, conducting three-dimensional seismic exploration construction, placing a shot point on the shot-inspection relational sheet on a shot point which is out of a full coverage range and is closest to the transverse boundary of the full coverage range when the transverse boundary of the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area is not located on the shot point of the three-dimensional work area and no shot point of the three-dimensional work area is located on a longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage range, and enabling only one shot point on the shot-inspection relational sheet to be located.
Example 3:
the invention provides a three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method, which comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: covering the collection line: arranging 10 acquisition lines on the ground in the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area;
step two: arrangement of the acquisition stations: 10 acquisition lines are arranged in parallel at intervals of 150 meters, and then 25 detectors with directional sensitivity to particle motion in one direction are arranged on each acquisition line at intervals of 250 meters;
step three: setting a receiving channel: 15 receiving channels are arranged on each acquisition station;
step four: dividing the space: dividing 10 collecting line segments into 12 intervals according to the same size specification, wherein the specification of each interval is 700m x 900m, and inserting interval flags with different colors into each interval;
step five: covering shot points: arranging the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet on the transverse boundary of the acquisition line, arranging one shot point on the shot-checking relation sheet at the intersection of the acquisition line and preventing the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet from being arranged outside the exploration interval range, wherein the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet have limitation on the motion direction of particles, the shot-checking relation sheet is rectangular, the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area is also rectangular, the area of the shot-checking relation sheet is smaller than that of the three-dimensional work area, the shot points in the shot-checking relation sheet are arranged in a row, when the transverse boundary of the full coverage area of the three-dimensional work area is not positioned on the shot point of the three-dimensional work area and the shot point of the three-dimensional work area is positioned on the extension line of the longitudinal boundary of the full coverage area, placing the shot points on the shot detection relation sheet on the shot points which are outside the full coverage range and are closest to the transverse boundary of the full coverage range, placing one shot point on the shot point relation sheet on the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage range, and enabling no shot point on the shot detection relation sheet to be outside the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage range;
step six: confirming a construction boundary: the method comprises the steps of enabling the direction of a wave detection line of a shot-inspection relational sheet to be parallel to the direction of a wave detection line of a three-dimensional work area, enabling a transverse boundary and a longitudinal boundary to be respectively acquisition line boundaries perpendicular to and parallel to the direction of the wave detection line, ensuring that a wave detection point and the wave detection line of the shot-inspection relational sheet are complete, determining a construction boundary, conducting three-dimensional seismic exploration construction, placing a shot point on the shot-inspection relational sheet on a shot point which is out of a full coverage range and is closest to the transverse boundary of the full coverage range when the transverse boundary of the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area is not located on the shot point of the three-dimensional work area and no shot point of the three-dimensional work area is located on a longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage range, and enabling only one shot point on the shot-inspection relational sheet to be located.
Example 4:
the following data were obtained from examples 1 to 3:
| wave detection point | Wave detection line | Shot point | Construction period | Wire reversing vehicle | |
| Example 1 | 35900 | 15 | 10 | 20 | 3 |
| Example 2 | 43500 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 10 |
| Example 3 | 46200 | 18 | 17 | 19 | 15 |
| Control group | 49700 | 20 | 20 | 30 | 20 |
As can be seen from the above table, the three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method of embodiments 1 to 3 can effectively optimize the elimination of the geophone points and the geophone lines, reduce the number of layout of the geophone points during seismic exploration, concentrate the devices in a reasonable interval, shorten the interval distance, and improve the completion efficiency of the rewinding task, but the optimization of embodiment 1 improves the degree to the maximum extent, so that the polarized waves with a certain direction can be excited and received during three-dimensional seismic exploration, the transverse waves can be polarized under certain conditions, the transverse waves can be divided into two types, and each time when rewinding, the vehicle only needs to walk the original 1/8 distance on the survey line or move the collected objects on the survey line arrangement to complete the rewinding task, thereby saving a large number of vehicles, reducing the construction cost, improving the construction efficiency, aiming at the three-dimensional work area to be constructed, according to the gun detection relationship sheets and the full coverage, under the condition that the shot-inspection relation piece is complete, namely the demodulator probe and the demodulator curve of the shot-inspection relation piece cannot be lost, part of the demodulator probe and the demodulator curve of the three-dimensional work area are optimized, the requirement that the data in the full coverage range can meet pre-stack migration processing can be met, the number of the demodulator probes used for construction is greatly reduced by 30%, the number of the demodulator curves is reduced by 5, the construction period is shortened by 10 days, and the labor cost is reduced.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A three-dimensional seismic exploration interval arrangement construction method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: covering the collection line: arranging 8-10 acquisition lines on the ground in the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area;
step two: arrangement of the acquisition stations: arranging 8-10 collection lines in parallel at intervals of 120-150 meters, and then arranging 20-25 collection stations on each collection line at intervals of 210-250 meters;
step three: setting a receiving channel: 6-15 receiving channels are arranged on each acquisition station;
step four: dividing the space: dividing 8-10 collecting line sections into 7-12 sections according to the same size specification, and inserting section flags with different colors into each section;
step five: covering shot points: placing the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet on the transverse boundary of the acquisition line, placing one shot point on the shot-checking relation sheet at the intersection of the acquisition line and preventing the shot points on the shot-checking relation sheet from being arranged outside the exploration interval range;
step six: confirming a construction boundary: the direction of a geophone correlation piece is parallel to the direction of a geophone line of a three-dimensional work area, and the transverse boundary and the longitudinal boundary are respectively acquisition line boundaries which are perpendicular to and parallel to the direction of the geophone line, so that the completeness of a geophone point and the geophone line of the geophone correlation piece is ensured, a construction boundary is determined, and three-dimensional seismic exploration construction is carried out.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in step four, the specification of each interval is 700m 600m-700m 900 m.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the acquisition station in step two is a detector with directional sensitivity to particle motion in one direction.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: and in the fifth step, the shot point on the shot checking relation sheet has limit on the particle motion direction.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the fifth step, the shot-checking relation pieces are rectangular, the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area is also rectangular, the area of the shot-checking relation pieces is smaller than that of the three-dimensional work area, and the shot points in the shot-checking relation pieces are arranged in a row.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: and fifthly, when the transverse boundary of the full coverage range of the three-dimensional work area is not positioned on the shot point of the three-dimensional work area and the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage range has the shot point of the three-dimensional work area, placing the shot point on the shot detection relation sheet on the shot point which is out of the full coverage range and is closest to the transverse boundary of the full coverage range, placing one shot point on the shot point relation sheet on the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage range and enabling no shot point on the shot detection relation sheet to be out of the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage range.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the sixth step, when the transverse boundary of the full coverage area of the three-dimensional work area is not positioned on the shot point of the three-dimensional work area and the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage area does not have the shot point of the three-dimensional work area, the shot point on the shot detection relation sheet is positioned on the shot point which is out of the full coverage area and is closest to the transverse boundary of the full coverage area, and only one shot point on the shot detection relation sheet is arranged out of the longitudinal boundary extension line of the full coverage area.
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