CN102060017A - 用于使混合驱动器运行的方法 - Google Patents

用于使混合驱动器运行的方法 Download PDF

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CN102060017A
CN102060017A CN2010105519238A CN201010551923A CN102060017A CN 102060017 A CN102060017 A CN 102060017A CN 2010105519238 A CN2010105519238 A CN 2010105519238A CN 201010551923 A CN201010551923 A CN 201010551923A CN 102060017 A CN102060017 A CN 102060017A
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D·策
H·拉普
T·波尔
M·鲁克勒
W·特施纳
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于使混合驱动器运行的方法。用于使混合驱动器、特别是机动车的混合驱动器(HA)运行的方法。内燃机(12)借助于传力连接(16)与发电机(14)连接。在学习运行模式下，发电机(14)作为电动机运行并且驱动内燃机(12)。在这个运行模式下进行所谓的零量校准。

Description

用于使混合驱动器运行的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1前序部分的用于使混合驱动器、特别是机动车的混合驱动器运行的方法。
背景技术
已知系列的混合驱动器通过电动机驱动机动车。电动机的电能利用内燃机通过发电机提供。
此外已知，机动车只通过内燃机驱动。对于这种机动车同样已知，滑行阶段，也就是说内燃机的被动驱动被用于执行所谓的零量校准(Nullmengenkalibrierung)。在这种情况下涉及内燃机的运行参数的求出和匹配，即在内燃机的正常运行中的运行参数，那么在通过内燃机产生驱动矩时，产生老化漂移的补偿以及内燃机效率的优化。
对开始所述的系列的混合驱动器没有滑行阶段。就此而言不能执行零量校准。
发明内容
在现有技术中存在的问题通过按照权利要求1的方法解决。
在根据本发明的方法中，在学习运行模式下发电机作为电动机运行并且驱动内燃机。在这个运行模式下进行零量校准。
在正常运行中内燃机由此驱动发电机，以向电动机或者蓄电池提供电能。相反在根据本发明的方法中，内燃机通过发电机驱动，以求出和/或匹配正常运行的运行参数。
在该方法的一种有利的实施方式中，被驱动的内燃机在学习运行模式下基本上不以驱动扭矩加载发电机。由此实现，学习运行模式大约对应所述的滑行运行。学习运行模式由此可以毫无问题地考虑用于零量校准。
在该方法的一种特别有利的实施方式中规定，在学习运行模式下将较小的燃料量配量到内燃机的燃烧室中并点燃。内燃机的扭矩变化被测量并且相应地求出和/或匹配内燃机的正常运行的运行参数。通过该求出/匹配，也就是说优化，该运行参数例如补偿内燃机的单个的部件的老化漂移。
通过该方法获得内燃机在正常运行中的提高的效率，伴随着燃料节约，以及也有排放值的下降。
在该方法的一种有利的实施方式中，一旦内燃机热了，也就是说，已经达到了确定的温度，就进行运行参数的求出/匹配。由此保证，求出对正常运行尽可能最优的运行参数。
在该方法的一种有利的改进方案中，仅当不是由内燃机造成的提高的或者减小的旋转不规则性
Figure BSA00000353367400021
低于一定的程度时，才进行运行参数的求出/匹配。由此避免，运行参数的求出/匹配由于从外部作用在内燃机上的旋转不规则性出错。由此保证最优的运行参数的求出/匹配。
在该方法的另一种有利的实施方式中，仅当共轨系统的油轨压力具有震荡时，才进行所述求出/匹配。由此同样改善了最优的运行参数的求出/匹配。
附图说明
本发明其它的特征、应用可能性和优点由下面在附图中示出的本发明的实施例的说明给出。在此所有说明的或者示出的特征自己或者以任意的组合构成本发明的主题，不依赖于它们在权利要求中的相互关系或者追溯以及不依赖于它们在说明或者说附图中的表达或者说陈述。
图1示意示出了系列的机动车的混合驱动器。
具体实施方式
图1中的系列的混合驱动器HA基本上包括供应单元10和驱动单元20。供应单元10由内燃机12和发电机14组成。内燃机12和发电机14通过传力连接16耦连。驱动单元20由电动机22和驱动系24组成。电动机22和驱动系24通过传力连接26耦连。
能量传递单元30借助于电线34、36和38与发电机14、电动机22以及蓄电池32连接。发电机14、电动机22以及蓄电池32可以作为能量源运行，也可以作为能量降低器运行。
供应单元10用于此目的，即为车辆单元，例如驱动单元20供应电能。为此发电机14被内燃机12驱动。发电机14将从内燃机12发出的机械能转化为电能并且将它输入能量传递单元30。
驱动单元20用于驱动机动车。为此电动机22被能量传递单元30加载电能。电动机22将电能转化为机械能。机械能加载驱动系24，驱动系24将机械能传递到机动车的行驶道路上。
能量传递单元30用于控制和/或调节在发电机14、电动机22和蓄电池22之间的电能流。如果例如电动机需要能量，则通过能量传递单元30从能量源提供电能。
下面按照图1说明混合驱动器的不同运行模式。
涉及供应单元10、驱动单元20和蓄电池32的车辆驱动运行模式的特点是，机动车通过驱动单元20相对机动车的行驶道路运动。在这种情况下考虑蓄电池32和/或供应单元10作为驱动的能量源。供应单元10在作为能量源运行时处于正常运行中。例如电动机22主要通过供应单元10供应，并且蓄电池32在必需的功率峰值时接通。
在一种涉及供应单元10，驱动单元20和蓄电池32的蓄电池充电的运行模式中，蓄电池32通过输入的电能，通常大多通过供应单元10充电。
一种制动运行模式是蓄电池充电运行模式的下级运行模式并且其特点是，机动车制动，即它相对行驶道路的速度减小。在这种制动运行模式下电动机22可以作为发电机运行并且产生电能。产生的能量存储到蓄电池32中。
一种涉及供应单元10和蓄电池32的学习运行模式，其特点是，发电机14对应在图1中的箭头40被输入能量。相应地发电机14作为电动机运行。发电机14对应箭头42向内燃机12输入机械能并且由此驱动内燃机12。在这种学习运行状态下，被驱动的内燃机12加载传力的连接16并且由此基本上没有驱动扭矩作用在发电机14上。
在这种学习运行模式下进行零量校准。内燃机12这样控制和/或调节，即在内燃机12的燃烧室中喷射并点燃较小的燃料量。然后在传力连接上，例如传力连接16上测量较小地喷射的燃料量的效果，例如以较小的扭矩变化的形式。这种方法用于，基于喷射量和附属的扭矩变化求出和/或匹配内燃机正常运行的运行参数。
学习运行模式只在热的发动机的情况下进行。为此内燃机12必须达到一定的温度。此外只要转速动态性是受限的，即只要不是由内燃机12造成的提高的或者减小的旋转不规则性只在受限制的范围内加载内燃机12，才进行学习运行模式。
运行参数在位于相对内燃机12的起动转速和最大转速之间的转速范围内求出和/或匹配。对于求出运行参数理想的转速是内燃机以它在正常运行中运转的转速。
在共轨喷射系统的情况下同样考虑油轨压力。也就是说，如果油轨压力有震荡，则求出和/或匹配运行参数。
在学习运行模式期间，驱动单元20可以自主运行。如果例如从蓄电池32中提供足够的电能，则供应单元10不必强制地用于能量供应。
所述的方法通常作为计算机程序执行，它可以在控制器上运行。控制器通常设计成微型控制器并且对应所述的方法编程。此外在存储介质上储存相应的计算机程序。

Claims (12)

1.用于使混合驱动器、特别是机动车的混合驱动器(HA)运行的方法，其中内燃机(12)借助于传力连接(16)与发电机(14)连接，其特征在于，在学习运行模式下发电机(14)作为电动机运行并且驱动内燃机(12)，并且在这个运行模式下进行所谓的零量校准。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在学习运行模式下对驱动内燃机(12)必需的能量从蓄电池(32)中获取。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中在学习运行模式下通过内燃机(12)基本上不将驱动扭矩输入发电机(14)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的方法，其中在学习运行模式下将小的燃料量配量到内燃机(12)的燃烧室中并点燃。
5.根据前一权利要求所述的方法，其中通过测量求出所述配量并点燃的燃料量在内燃机(12)的旋转运动上的影响。
6.根据前一权利要求所述的方法，其中所述测量在传力连接(16)上进行。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的方法，其中仅当达到了内燃机(12)的运行温度后，才进行学习运行模式。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的方法，其中仅当不是由内燃机(12)造成的旋转不规则性低于门限值时，才进行学习运行模式。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的方法，其中仅当压力的时间特性、特别是内燃机(12)的油轨压力的时间特性具有基本上震荡的状态时，才进行学习运行模式。
10.用于数字计算设备的计算机程序，它适合于执行根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法。
11.用于混合驱动器、特别是机动车的混合驱动器的控制单元，它设有数字计算设备，特别是微型处理器，在它上面可以运行根据权利要求10所述的计算机程序。
12.用于根据权利要求11的控制单元的存储介质，在它上面储存有根据权利要求10所述的计算机程序。
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Cited By (4)

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CN104080679A (zh) * 2012-02-06 2014-10-01 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于对混合动力车中的废气探测仪以及燃料计量装置进行校准的方法
CN104100393A (zh) * 2013-04-15 2014-10-15 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于在机动车中实施至少一种学习功能的方法和用于实现该方法的器件
CN104641091A (zh) * 2012-09-24 2015-05-20 马自达汽车株式会社 发动机的控制装置及控制方法
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