CN102055354B - Alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) converter and frequency converter - Google Patents

Alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) converter and frequency converter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102055354B
CN102055354B CN2009102096027A CN200910209602A CN102055354B CN 102055354 B CN102055354 B CN 102055354B CN 2009102096027 A CN2009102096027 A CN 2009102096027A CN 200910209602 A CN200910209602 A CN 200910209602A CN 102055354 B CN102055354 B CN 102055354B
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China
Prior art keywords
full
bipolar transistor
insulated gate
gate bipolar
converter
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2009102096027A
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CN102055354A (en
Inventor
姚吉隆
吴学智
赵研峰
克晶
宋英华
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to CN2009102096027A priority Critical patent/CN102055354B/en
Priority to PCT/EP2010/065064 priority patent/WO2011051096A2/en
Publication of CN102055354A publication Critical patent/CN102055354A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/75Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/757Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007Plural converter units in cascade

Abstract

The invention discloses an alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) converter which comprises a converter based on a three-phase thyristor, a full-bridge converter based on a simplified insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and an inductor connected between the converter and the full-bridge converter, wherein in a driving mode, the converter based on the three-phase thyristor works in an AC-DC rectifier mode, and the full-bridge converter based on the simplified IGBT works in a boost chopper circuit mode and controls the inductor to suppress current harmonics of the power supply network so as to increase the power factor; and in a regenerative braking mode, the converter based on the three-phase thyristor feeds the regenerated energy back to the power supply system so as to realize energy recovery. The invention also discloses a frequency converter. By using the scheme, the power factor can be increased, energy recovery can be realized, and the implementation cost is low.

Description

A kind of AC-DC converter and a kind of frequency converter
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic circuit technology, particularly a kind of AC-DC converter and the frequency converter that comprises this AC-DC converter.
Background technology
At present, frequency control motor drives (frequency converter) and is widely applied in variant industrial circle, is mainly used in carrying out accurate speed and controls or save energy etc., due to simple in structure and cost is lower, in most frequency converter, all adopt diode bridge rectifier to exchange (AC, Alternating Current) conversion to direct current (DC, Direct current).Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the existing frequency converter of commonly using.As shown in Figure 1, diode bridge rectifier is for the treatment of the conversion of AC-to DC, based on the frequency converter of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT, Insulated GateBipolar Transisitor) for the treatment of direct current to the conversion that exchanges.
But diode bridge rectifier has the limitation of himself.At first, it is a uncontrollable equipment, and its input current (power supply grid electric current) comprises significant harmonic wave (low power factor), thereby to electric power system, has brought extra reactive power and voltage stress; In addition, diode bridge rectifier is a unidirectional device, therefore, can't carry out energy and reclaim in process of regenerative braking.
For improving power factor, in prior art, processing mode commonly used is to use reactor.Fig. 2 is existing structural representation with frequency converter of reactor.As shown in Figure 2, reactor can be connected to DC side, utilize the function of the intrinsic filtering harmonic wave of reactor itself to improve power factor.This mode implements fairly simple, but, because the volume of reactor is usually larger, heavily becomes large so also make frequency converter become, and make cost significantly increase.Also propose to utilize active filter to improve power factor (being connected to R shown in Figure 1, S, T end) in prior art, can adopt the mode of a plurality of Active Power Filter-APF serial or parallel connections during specific implementation.This mode can realize unity power factor, but has also brought the increase of cost, because the cost of active filter and frequency converter itself is very nearly the same.
, for the regenerated energy that produces in process of regenerative braking, usually can utilize brake resistance to consume this regenerated energy.Fig. 3 is existing structural representation with frequency converter of brake resistance.But the volume of brake resistance is usually larger, and institute heavily becomes large so that frequency converter becomes, and this processing mode also can be brought heating problem.In addition, the consideration for saving energy, also can utilize auxiliary equipment that regenerated energy is returned to electric power system, but same cost is higher.
Current, that will study again has focused on rectifier based on IGBT, and its working method is pulse width modulation (PWM, Pulse Width Modulation) rectification.Fig. 4 is the existing structural representation that has based on the frequency converter of the rectifier of IGBT.The characteristics of PWM rectifier system itself, i.e. energy two-way flow and the characteristics such as effect that can play HF switch have guaranteed that structure shown in Figure 4 can reach the purpose that improves power factor, can realize that again energy reclaims.But this rectifier is comprised of three-phase IGBT bridge and three pole reactor, and, need to utilize complicated control algolithm to produce the driving signal of IGBT, therefore, cost is very high.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of AC-DC converter, can reach the purpose that improves power factor, can realize that again energy reclaims, and realize that cost is lower.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of frequency converter, can reach the purpose that improves power factor, can realize that again energy reclaims, and realize that cost is lower.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of AC-DC converter, comprise: based on the transducer of three-phase thyristor, based on the full-bridge converters of the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying, and be connected to described transducer based on three-phase thyristor and based on the inductance between the full-bridge converters of the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying; Wherein:
Described transducer based on three-phase thyristor, be used for carrying out work according to the mode of ac-to-dc rectifier under drive pattern, under the regenerative braking pattern, regenerated energy fed back to electric power system;
Described full-bridge converters based on the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying, be used for carrying out work according to the mode of boost chopper under drive pattern, under the regenerative braking pattern, according to the mode of buck circuit, carries out work;
Described inductance, be used for the current harmonics to power supply grid under the control of described full-bridge converters based on the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying and suppress.
A kind of frequency converter comprises: AC-DC converter, electric capacity and based on the frequency converter of insulated gate bipolar transistor; Described AC-DC converter comprises: based on the transducer of three-phase thyristor, based on the full-bridge converters of the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying, and be connected to described transducer based on three-phase thyristor and based on the inductance between the full-bridge converters of the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying; Wherein:
Described transducer based on three-phase thyristor, be used for carrying out work according to the mode of ac-to-dc rectifier under drive pattern, under the regenerative braking pattern, regenerated energy fed back to electric power system;
Described full-bridge converters based on the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying, be used for carrying out work according to the mode of boost chopper under drive pattern, under the regenerative braking pattern, according to the mode of buck circuit, carries out work;
Described inductance, be used for the current harmonics to power supply grid under the control of described full-bridge converters based on the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying and suppress.
As seen, adopt technical scheme of the present invention, under drive pattern, transducer based on three-phase thyristor carries out work according to the mode of ac-to-dc rectifier, full-bridge converters based on the IGBT after simplifying is carried out work according to the mode of boost chopper, suppress with the current harmonics of control inductance to power supply grid, improve power factor; Under the regenerative braking pattern, control feeds back to electric power system based on the transducer of three-phase thyristor with regenerated energy, to realize the recovery of energy, simultaneously, control is carried out work based on the full-bridge converters of the IGBT after simplifying according to the mode of buck circuit, suppress with the current harmonics of control inductance to power supply grid, thereby make the power factor in the energy removal process be guaranteed.In addition, than prior art, the AC-DC converter in scheme of the present invention only need to be comprised of two IGBT and a thyristor transducer etc., and cost is lower.
Description of drawings
Below will the person of ordinary skill in the art is more clear that above-mentioned and other feature and advantage of the present invention by with reference to accompanying drawing, describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the existing frequency converter of commonly using;
Fig. 2 is existing structural representation with frequency converter of reactor;
Fig. 3 is existing structural representation with frequency converter of brake resistance;
Fig. 4 is the existing structural representation that has based on the frequency converter of the rectifier of IGBT;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation with frequency converter of AC-DC transducer of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the working method schematic diagram of AC-DC transducer shown in Figure 5 under drive pattern;
Fig. 7 is the working method schematic diagram of AC-DC transducer shown in Figure 5 under the regenerative braking pattern;
Fig. 8 is for adopting current waveform and the spectrum diagram of power supply grid after existing frequency converter with diode bridge rectifier; Wherein, Fig. 8 (A) is the current waveform schematic diagram, and Fig. 8 (B) is spectrum diagram;
Fig. 9 is for adopting current waveform and the spectrum diagram of power supply grid after existing frequency converter with reactor; Wherein, Fig. 9 (A) is the current waveform schematic diagram, and Fig. 9 (B) is spectrum diagram;
Figure 10 is for adopting current waveform and the spectrum diagram of power supply grid after the frequency converter with AC-DC transducer of the present invention; Wherein, Figure 10 (A) is the current waveform schematic diagram, and Figure 10 (B) is spectrum diagram;
Figure 11 is the simulation result schematic diagram after adopting AC-DC transducer of the present invention under the regenerative braking pattern; Wherein, Figure 11 (A) is the power supply grid voltage waveform view, and Figure 11 (B) is power supply grid current waveform schematic diagram.
Embodiment
For problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of brand-new AC-DC converter structure, not only can improve power factor, and possess energy recovery function, and cost is lower.
, in order to make technical scheme of the present invention and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation with frequency converter of AC-DC transducer of the present invention.As shown in Figure 5, this frequency converter mainly forms by AC-DC transducer, electric capacity and based on frequency converter three parts of IGBT, and wherein, electric capacity and based on identical in the two-part function of the frequency converter of IGBT and prior art, repeat no more.
The AC-DC transducer mainly comprises: based on the transducer 51 of three-phase thyristor, based on the full-bridge converters 52 of the IGBT after simplifying, and be connected to based on the transducer 51 of three-phase thyristor with based on the inductance 53 between the full-bridge converters 52 of the IGBT after simplifying.
Because full-bridge converters is comprised of 4 IGBT, and only need 2 IGBT in the present embodiment, i.e. IGBT 522 and IGBT 524, therefore be called full-bridge converters based on the IGBT after simplifying with full-bridge converters shown in Figure 5.Can find out, the full-bridge converters of the IGBT after simplification comprises two brachium pontis equally, but, than traditional full-bridge converters, all has an IGBT to be rectified diode 521 or 523 replacements on each brachium pontis.Two outputs based on the transducer 51 of three-phase thyristor are connected with two brachium pontis respectively.In addition, need to prove, shown in Figure 5 only for illustrating, in actual applications, inductance 53 both can be connected on output as shown in Figure 5 based on the transducer 51 of three-phase thyristor, also can be connected on another output, also can be connected to simultaneously on two outputs.
Under drive pattern, according to the mode of ac-to-dc rectifier, carry out work based on the transducer 51 of three-phase thyristor, under the regenerative braking pattern, regenerated energy is fed back to electric power system.
Under drive pattern, according to the mode of boost chopper, carry out work based on the full-bridge converters 52 of the IGBT after simplifying, under the regenerative braking pattern, according to the mode of buck circuit, carry out work.
Inductance 53 current harmonics to power supply grid under the control of the full-bridge converters 52 of the insulated gate bipolar transistor based on after simplifying suppresses.
In order to express easily, below will based on the transducer 51 of three-phase thyristor and based on the full-bridge converters 52 of the IGBT after simplifying respectively referred to as thyristor transducer 51 and full-bridge converters 52.
Below in conjunction with concrete accompanying drawing, scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
Fig. 6 is the working method schematic diagram of AC-DC transducer shown in Figure 5 under drive pattern.For simplifying accompanying drawing, omitted the accompanying drawing number of each part in Fig. 6, follow-up situation shown in Figure 7 is identical.
Under drive pattern, energy is sent to motor from electric power system,, by controlling the angle of flow of thyristor transducer 51, makes thyristor transducer 51 carry out work according to the mode of AC-DC rectifier.
At this moment, full-bridge converters 52 is carried out work according to the mode of boost chopper, namely plays the effect of DC-DC copped wave transducer.Specifically, control IGBT 524 and be in cut-off state, and IGBT 522 is in conducting or cut-off state makes current direction switch according to path 1 shown in Figure 6 and path 2 by controlling, while namely ending, respective path 1, during conducting, respective path 2, and then the current waveform on inductance 53 is controlled.
The current waveform of inductance 53 correspondences has optimal value, i.e. an optimum waveform.Under this optimum waveform, the harmonic wave of input current (being the current harmonics of power supply grid) can be weakened the largelyst, and namely the harmonic wave of input current is minimum, thereby power factor is improved.In actual applications, by controlling IGBT 522, change current waveform on inductance 53, make it reach optimal value.
Above-mentioned control mode to thyristor transducer 51, IGBT 524 and IGBT 522 etc. is known in this field, repeats no more.
Fig. 7 is the working method schematic diagram of AC-DC transducer shown in Figure 5 under the regenerative braking pattern.
Under the regenerative braking pattern, utilize the characteristic of thyristor transducer 51 own, by controlling the angle of flow of thyristor transducer 51, regenerated energy is fed back to electric power system.Only have and be in contraryly while leading state when thyristor transducer 51, regenerated energy could be fed back to electric power system, and thyristor transducer 51 is in, contraryly lead state, its angle of flow must be controlled within the specific limits.
At this moment, full-bridge converters 52 is carried out work according to the mode of buck circuit.Specifically, control IGBT522 and be in conducting state, and IGBT 524 is in conducting or cut-off state makes current direction switch according to path 1 shown in Figure 7 and path 2 by controlling, while namely ending, respective path 1, during conducting, respective path 2, and then the current waveform on inductance 53 is controlled, make the current waveform on inductance 53 be in optimum waveform, thereby make the power factor in the energy removal process be guaranteed.
Equally, above-mentioned control mode to thyristor transducer 51, IGBT 524 and IGBT 522 etc. is known in this field, repeats no more.
As seen, after adopting scheme of the present invention, not only improve power factor, and realized the energy recovery.
Below in conjunction with simulation result, the advantage of scheme of the present invention than prior art is described:
1) improve power factor
Fig. 8 is for adopting current waveform and the spectrum diagram of power supply grid after existing frequency converter with diode bridge rectifier.Wherein, Fig. 8 (A) is the current waveform schematic diagram, and Fig. 8 (B) is spectrum diagram.Can find out, the peak value of electric current is the 35A left and right, has significant harmonic components in electric current.
Fig. 9 is for adopting current waveform and the spectrum diagram of power supply grid after existing frequency converter with reactor (2mH direct current reactor).Wherein, Fig. 9 (A) is the current waveform schematic diagram, and Fig. 9 (B) is spectrum diagram.Can find out, with shown in Figure 8, compare, the 11st and the 13rd time (550Hz and 650Hz) harmonic wave is obviously reduced, but the 5th and the 7th (250Hz and 350Hz) harmonic wave still clearly; In addition, current peak has been lowered to the 9A left and right.Can predict, if adopt the more reactor of big inductance quantity, harmonic wave will be further reduced, but that frequency converter will become is heavier, it is large to become, and cost also can be higher.
Figure 10 is for adopting current waveform and the spectrum diagram of power supply grid after the frequency converter with AC-DC transducer of the present invention.Wherein, Figure 10 (A) is the current waveform schematic diagram, and Figure 10 (B) is spectrum diagram.Can find out, effect is obviously improved, and namely all harmonic wave all is lowered basically.
2) realize that energy reclaims
Figure 11 is the simulation result schematic diagram after adopting AC-DC transducer of the present invention under the regenerative braking pattern.Wherein, Figure 11 (A) is the power supply grid voltage waveform view, and Figure 11 (B) is power supply grid current waveform schematic diagram.Can find out, energy flows from motor to electrical network (because voltage and current single spin-echo), has namely realized the energy recovery; And based on before introduction as can be known, the power factor in the energy removal process can be guaranteed.
3) cost is lower
As shown in Figure 4, rectifier (working in the PWM rectifier system) based on IGBT is comprised of three-phase IGBT bridge and three pole reactor, and in scheme of the present invention shown in Figure 5, the AC-DC transducer mainly is comprised of two IGBT, an inductance and a thyristor transducer.Because the cost of thyristor is starkly lower than IGBT, therefore the holistic cost of scheme of the present invention will be lower than the rectifier based on IGBT.
4) the fully control of realization to direct voltage
For traditional frequency converter with diode bridge rectifier, direct voltage is uncontrollable, therefore at power supply grid voltage, occurs that the situation low-converter of fluctuation is easy to break down.For the rectifier based on IGBT, it plays the effect of boost chopper in essence, so DC bus-bar voltage is higher, and these characteristics make when the power supply grid voltage ratio is higher and can cause damage to IGBT.And for AC-DC transducer of the present invention, owing to there being two DC voltage control stages, namely work as full-bridge converters and work in the boost chopper mode, while increasing direct voltage, the thyristor transducer can reduce direct voltage by controlling the angle of flow, vice versa, thereby direct voltage is under control fully, reduced due to the caused fault probability of power supply grid voltage fluctuation.
Need to prove, above-described embodiment only is used for illustrating, and is not limited to technical scheme of the present invention.All any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. AC-DC converter, it is characterized in that, comprise: based on the transducer (51) of three-phase thyristor, based on the full-bridge converters (52) of the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying, and be connected in described transducer based on three-phase thyristor (51) and based on the inductance (53) between the full-bridge converters (52) of the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying; Wherein:
Described transducer based on three-phase thyristor (51), be used for carrying out work according to the mode of ac-to-dc rectifier under drive pattern, under the regenerative braking pattern, regenerated energy fed back to electric power system;
Described full-bridge converters (52) based on the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying, be used for carrying out work according to the mode of boost chopper under drive pattern, under the regenerative braking pattern, according to the mode of buck circuit, carries out work;
Described inductance (53), be used for the current harmonics to power supply grid under the control of described full-bridge converters (52) based on the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying and suppress;
And wherein said full-bridge converters (52) based on the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying comprises two brachium pontis;
Comprise a rectifier diode (521,523) and an insulated gate bipolar transistor (522,524) that is in series with described rectifier diode (521,523) on each brachium pontis.
2. AC-DC converter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, two outputs of described transducer based on three-phase thyristor (51) are connected with described two brachium pontis respectively; Described inductance (53) is connected on an output, perhaps, all is connected with described inductance (53) on two outputs.
3. frequency converter comprises: AC-DC converter, electric capacity and based on the frequency converter of insulated gate bipolar transistor; It is characterized in that, described AC-DC converter comprises: based on the transducer (51) of three-phase thyristor, based on the full-bridge converters (52) of the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying, and be connected in described transducer based on three-phase thyristor (51) and based on the inductance (53) between the full-bridge converters (52) of the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying; Wherein:
Described transducer based on three-phase thyristor (51), be used for carrying out work according to the mode of ac-to-dc rectifier under drive pattern, under the regenerative braking pattern, regenerated energy fed back to electric power system;
Described full-bridge converters (52) based on the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying, be used for carrying out work according to the mode of boost chopper under drive pattern, under the regenerative braking pattern, according to the mode of buck circuit, carries out work;
Described inductance (53), be used for the current harmonics to power supply grid under the control of described full-bridge converters (52) based on the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying and suppress;
And wherein said full-bridge converters (52) based on the insulated gate bipolar transistor after simplifying comprises two brachium pontis;
Comprise a rectifier diode (521,523) and an insulated gate bipolar transistor (522,524) that is in series with described rectifier diode (521,523) on each brachium pontis.
4. frequency converter according to claim 3, is characterized in that, two outputs of described transducer based on three-phase thyristor (51) are connected with described two brachium pontis respectively; Described inductance (53) is connected on an output, perhaps, all is connected with described inductance (53) on two outputs.
CN2009102096027A 2009-10-30 2009-10-30 Alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) converter and frequency converter Expired - Fee Related CN102055354B (en)

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CN2009102096027A CN102055354B (en) 2009-10-30 2009-10-30 Alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) converter and frequency converter
PCT/EP2010/065064 WO2011051096A2 (en) 2009-10-30 2010-10-08 An ac-dc converter and an inverter

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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US9481252B1 (en) 2015-05-28 2016-11-01 Caterpillar Inc. Regenerative braking system for reducing fuel consumption
CN106100372A (en) * 2016-07-01 2016-11-09 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 A kind of electromagnetic survey transmitter installation
CN106786416A (en) * 2016-12-02 2017-05-31 国网四川省电力公司成都供电公司 A kind of two-way variable-pressure HVDC tripper and short trouble cutting method
CN109672348A (en) * 2017-10-16 2019-04-23 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 A kind of high-speed maglev train power supply system
CN107658875A (en) * 2017-10-30 2018-02-02 镇江大全赛雪龙牵引电气有限公司 Urban track traffic thyristor-type traction rectifier and feedback converter system
CN113133333B (en) * 2019-10-31 2023-05-05 华为数字能源技术有限公司 Rectifier, charging system and electric vehicle

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US5793622A (en) * 1995-10-25 1998-08-11 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Common turn-off circuit for a thyristor power converter
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