CN107482941B - Five-level direct current conversion circuit and generator excitation system comprising same - Google Patents
Five-level direct current conversion circuit and generator excitation system comprising same Download PDFInfo
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- CN107482941B CN107482941B CN201710740433.4A CN201710740433A CN107482941B CN 107482941 B CN107482941 B CN 107482941B CN 201710740433 A CN201710740433 A CN 201710740433A CN 107482941 B CN107482941 B CN 107482941B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
- H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
Abstract
The invention discloses a five-level direct current conversion circuit and a generator excitation system comprising the same. In the five-level chopper circuit, one end of a first switching tube is connected with an excitation output positive end, and the other end of the first switching tube is connected with a direct current power supply positive end; one end of the second switching tube is connected with the excitation output negative end, and the other end of the second switching tube is connected with a sixth diode in series and then is connected with the midpoint of the capacitor series circuit; one end of the third switching tube is connected with the excitation output negative end, and the other end of the third switching tube is connected with the direct-current power supply negative end; the first diode is connected with the first switch tube in parallel, the second diode is connected with the second switch tube in parallel, the third diode is connected with the third switch tube in parallel, the fourth diode is connected with the fourth switch tube in parallel, the fourth diode is connected with the third switch tube in parallel, the fourth diode is connected with the fourth switch tube in parallel, the fifth diode is connected with the third switch tube in parallel, and the fifth diode is connected with the fourth switch tube in parallel. The invention realizes five-level direct current chopping output of exciting voltage and bidirectional flow of exciting power based on the unidirectional output characteristic of exciting current, and simultaneously can reduce the loss of a switching tube and improve the efficiency of a full-control exciting system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical engineering, and particularly relates to a five-level direct current conversion circuit applied to a generator excitation system and the generator excitation system comprising the circuit.
Background
With the rapid development of the high permeability trend of ultra-high voltage direct current, flexible direct current large-scale operation and new energy power generation, the operation risk of the power electronic power system in the electromagnetic/electromechanical hybrid fields such as ultra-low frequency power oscillation, subsynchronous oscillation, millisecond reactive voltage support and the like is increased. The excitation system is an important component part of the synchronous generator, has important influence on safe and stable operation of the power system, and fully utilizes the regulation and control capability of the excitation system, so that the excitation system is one of the most economical and effective means for improving the stability of the power system.
Conventional excitation systems based on semi-controlled device thyristor (SCR) rectification are limited by low control speed, and can only control the device to be turned on and turned off uncontrollably, so that the conventional excitation systems are difficult to adapt to the operation requirements of a power electronic grid. Full-control devices such as IGBT can be controlled to be turned on and off simultaneously, so that the control response speed and the control flexibility of the full-control device have obvious advantages. At present, domestic and foreign scholars propose to apply a rectifying circuit and a chopper circuit formed by full-control devices such as IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) to a generator excitation system to realize the full-control excitation system, and the alternating current side can control reactive current components and can rapidly control the injection or absorption of reactive power to the synchronous generator while providing the direct-current excitation current of the synchronous generator. The reactive millisecond direct support capability of the alternating current side can obviously improve the reactive voltage control performance and response speed of the unit, and provide means for the suppression technology of broadband low-frequency power oscillation and subsynchronous oscillation.
At present, the topology structure of the full-control excitation system is divided into a voltage source type and a current source type. Because of the cost, volume and weight of the large energy storage inductor, the control is complex, and the like, the research of the current source type full-control excitation system is less. In the voltage source type full-control excitation loop, in order to meet the requirements of zero lifting current, energy alternating current feedback and the like of an excitation system, a topological structure of a combination of a three-phase full-control rectification and DC-DC chopper loop is taken as a main part; the DC-DC chopper loop is mainly of an H bridge or H bridge parallel structure, and can output three level voltages of front-end direct current voltage E, 0 and direct current voltage-E, and the changing amplitude of the voltage at two ends corresponding to the action of a single switching tube is the direct current voltage E; because the switching tube in the loop is not an ideal device in practice, current and voltage waveforms overlap in the opening and closing processes in use, switching loss of the power device is generated, the loss increases along with the increase of the variation of the voltages at two ends in action, and the efficiency of the whole system is reduced; meanwhile, the higher voltage change rate also brings more serious electromagnetic interference problem; on the direct current output side, the larger output voltage level change also affects the output voltage quality, so that voltage ripple is increased, the common mode voltage is higher, and the motor shaft current and insulation are more damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a five-level direct current conversion circuit applied to a generator excitation system, which is designed according to the characteristic of unidirectional circulation of exciting current, so as to reduce the voltage change rate during switching, reduce the switching loss of a switching tube, improve the system efficiency and improve the output voltage quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a five-level direct current conversion circuit comprises a direct current power supply circuit, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2 and a five-level direct current chopper circuit;
the five-level direct current chopper circuit comprises a first switch tube V1, a second switch tube V2, a third switch tube V3, a first diode VD1, a second diode VD2, a third diode VD3, a fourth diode VD4, a fifth diode VD5 and a sixth diode VD6,
the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the direct current power supply circuit, the two ends of the direct current power supply circuit are respectively provided with a positive voltage end P and a negative voltage end N, and a connecting point between the two capacitors is an intermediate voltage end O;
one end of the first switching tube V1 is connected with the positive voltage end P, and the other end of the first switching tube V1 is connected with the excitation output positive end; one end of the second switching tube V2 is connected with the negative voltage end N, and the other end of the second switching tube V is connected with the excitation output negative end; the third switching tube V3 is connected with the sixth diode VD6 in series, one end of the serial branch is connected with the intermediate voltage end O, and the other end of the serial branch is connected with the excitation output negative end;
the first diode VD1, the second diode VD2 and the third diode VD3 are respectively connected in parallel in opposite directions with two ends of the first switch tube V1, the second switch tube V2 and the third switch tube V3;
one end of the fourth diode VD4 is connected with the positive voltage end P, and the other end of the fourth diode is connected with the excitation output negative end; one end of the fifth diode VD5 is connected to the negative voltage end N, and the other end is connected to the excitation output positive end.
As a supplement to the above technical solution, the first switching tube V1, the second switching tube V2 and the third switching tube V3 all adopt IGBT full control devices.
As a supplement to the above technical scheme, the collector of the first switching tube V1 is connected to the positive voltage end P, and the emitter is connected to the excitation output positive end;
an emitter of the second switching tube V2 is connected with a negative voltage end N, and a collector of the second switching tube V is connected with an excitation output negative end;
an emitter of the third switching tube V3 is connected with an anode of a sixth diode VD6, a cathode of the sixth diode VD6 is connected with an intermediate voltage end O, and a collector of the third switching tube V3 is connected with an excitation output negative end;
the cathode of the fourth diode VD4 is connected with the positive voltage end P, and the anode is connected with the excitation output negative end;
the anode of the fifth diode VD5 is connected to the negative voltage terminal N, and the cathode is connected to the excitation output positive terminal.
The other object of the present invention is to provide a generator excitation system including the five-level dc conversion circuit, wherein the control ends of the first switching tube V1, the second switching tube V2 and the third switching tube V3 are controlled by an excitation regulator of the generator excitation system.
As a supplement to the generator excitation system, when the excitation system is operated and the first switching tube V1 and the second switching tube V2 are turned on, the circuit outputs voltage +e;
when the first switching tube V1 and the third switching tube V3 are turned on, the circuit outputs voltage +E/2;
when the first switching tube V1 is turned on, current flows through the fourth diode VD4, and the circuit outputs voltage 0;
when the second switching tube V2 is turned on, current flows through the fifth diode VD5, and the circuit outputs voltage 0;
when the third switching tube V3 is turned on, current flows through the fifth diode VD5 and the sixth diode VD6, and the circuit outputs voltage-E/2;
when current is freewheeling through the fourth diode VD4 and the fifth diode V5, the circuit outputs a voltage-E.
As a supplement to the generator excitation system, the control method of the excitation system is as follows:
normal excitation is realized by adopting a +E/2 and 0 level combination mode, and the adjustment between 0 and rated excitation voltage is output;
short-time forced excitation is realized by adopting a +E/2 and +E level combination mode, and adjustment from rated output to maximum excitation voltage is performed;
the inversion control is carried out by adopting a 0 and-E/2 level combination mode, so that slow de-excitation is realized;
and inversion control is performed by adopting a combination mode of-E/2 and-E level, so that rapid strong de-excitation is realized.
According to the five-level direct current conversion circuit, E, E/2, 0, -E/2 and-E five-level direct current excitation voltages can be output according to different conduction control signals, compared with typical H-bridge three-level chopping, E/2 and-E/2 two-way level output is increased, and in operation, the on-off voltage can be reduced by E/2, so that switching loss of a switching tube can be reduced, system efficiency is improved, and electromagnetic interference and direct current output voltage ripple are reduced; meanwhile, when smaller direct-current excitation voltage output is needed, compared with E and 0, the E/2 and 0 have the same switching frequency, the switching-on duty ratio is doubled, and more accurate control of the direct-current output voltage is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a five-level DC conversion circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the chopper waveform of the output voltage of the five-level DC conversion circuit of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the invention as applied to a self-shunt excitation system.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a five-level dc conversion circuit applied to a generator excitation system, which is composed of a dc power supply circuit, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, and a five-level dc chopper circuit.
The five-level direct current chopper circuit is composed of a first switch tube V1, a second switch tube V2, a third switch tube V3, a first diode VD1, a second diode VD2, a third diode VD3, a fourth diode VD4, a fifth diode VD5 and a sixth diode VD 6.
The first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the direct current power supply circuit, the two ends of the direct current power supply circuit are respectively a positive voltage end P and a negative voltage end N, and a connecting point between the two capacitors is an intermediate voltage end O.
One end of the first switching tube V1 is connected with the positive voltage end P, and the other end of the first switching tube V1 is connected with the excitation output positive end. One end of the second switching tube V2 is connected with the negative voltage end N, and the other end of the second switching tube V is connected with the excitation output negative end. The third switching tube V3 is connected with the sixth diode VD6 in series, one end of the series branch is connected with the intermediate voltage end O, and the other end of the series branch is connected with the excitation output negative end.
The first diode VD1, the second diode VD2, and the third diode VD3 are respectively connected in anti-parallel to two ends of the first switch tube V1, the second switch tube V2, and the third switch tube V3.
One end of the fourth diode VD4 is connected to the positive voltage end P, and the other end is connected to the excitation output negative end. One end of the fifth diode VD5 is connected to the negative voltage end N, and the other end is connected to the excitation output positive end.
The first switching tube V1, the second switching tube V2 and the third switching tube V3 all adopt IGBT full-control devices.
And a collector electrode of the first switching tube V1 is connected with the positive voltage end P, and an emitter electrode of the first switching tube V1 is connected with the excitation output positive end. And an emitter of the second switching tube V2 is connected with the negative voltage end N, and a collector of the second switching tube V is connected with the excitation output negative end. An emitter of the third switching tube V3 is connected with an anode of the sixth diode VD6, a cathode of the sixth diode VD6 is connected with the intermediate voltage end O, and a collector of the third switching tube V3 is connected with an excitation output negative end. And a cathode of the fourth diode VD4 is connected with the positive voltage end P, and an anode of the fourth diode is connected with the excitation output negative end. The anode of the fifth diode VD5 is connected to the negative voltage terminal N, and the cathode is connected to the excitation output positive terminal.
The control ends of the first switching tube V1, the second switching tube V2 and the third switching tube V3 are controlled by an excitation regulator of the excitation system of the generator.
As shown in fig. 1, when the excitation system is operated, a direct-current excitation current flows in a single direction as shown in the figure: when the first switching tube V1 and the second switching tube V2 are turned on, the circuit outputs voltage +E; when the first switching tube V1 and the third switching tube V3 are turned on, the circuit outputs voltage +E/2; when the first switching tube V1 is turned on, current flows through the fourth diode VD4, and the circuit outputs voltage 0; when the second switching tube V2 is turned on, current flows through the fifth diode VD5, and the circuit outputs voltage 0; when the third switching tube V3 is turned on, current flows through the fifth diode VD5 and the sixth diode VD6, and the circuit outputs voltage-E/2; when current is freewheeling through the fourth diode VD4 and the fifth diode V5, the circuit outputs a voltage-E.
By applying the chopped wave output combination, the excitation system control can be designed as follows: normal excitation is realized by adopting a +E/2 and 0 level combination mode, and the adjustment between 0 and rated excitation voltage is output; short-time forced excitation is realized by adopting a +E/2 and +E level combination mode, and adjustment from rated output to maximum excitation voltage is performed; the inversion control is carried out by adopting a 0 and-E/2 level combination mode, so that slow de-excitation is realized; and inversion control is performed by adopting a combination mode of-E/2 and-E level, so that rapid strong de-excitation is realized. The waveform schematic is shown in fig. 2 in turn.
The application of the five-level direct current conversion circuit to the generator excitation system is specifically described in conjunction with the self-shunt excitation system. As shown in fig. 3: the direct current power supply circuit adopts a three-level full-control rectification circuit as an example, the alternating current side of the rectification circuit is connected with the low-voltage side of the exciting transformer, the alternating current side of the exciting transformer is connected with the generator end, the direct current side of the rectification circuit is connected with the five-level direct current conversion circuit, and the exciting voltage output end of the five-level direct current conversion circuit is connected with the exciting winding of the generator. The machine set normally operates, the excitation system becomes energy through excitation from the machine end, AC-DC rectification is completed through a three-level full-control rectification loop to provide a direct current power supply, and then stable direct current excitation voltage is output through a five-level direct current conversion circuit DC-DC chopper wave, so that excitation current required by normal operation of the machine set is provided; when the machine set is excited and inverted, the energy flows in the opposite direction, and the energy of the exciting winding is reversely fed to the machine end through a five-level direct current conversion circuit, a three-level full-control rectifying circuit and excitation transformation, so that shutdown and de-excitation with rapid reduction of exciting current are realized.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The generator excitation system comprises a five-level direct current conversion circuit, and is characterized in that the five-level direct current conversion circuit comprises a direct current power supply circuit, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2 and a five-level direct current chopper circuit;
the five-level direct current chopper circuit comprises a first switching tube V1, a second switching tube V2, a third switching tube V3, a first diode VD1, a second diode VD2, a third diode VD3, a fourth diode VD4, a fifth diode VD5 and a sixth diode VD6;
the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the direct current power supply circuit, the two ends of the direct current power supply circuit are respectively provided with a positive voltage end P and a negative voltage end N, and a connecting point between the two capacitors is an intermediate voltage end O;
one end of the first switching tube V1 is connected with the positive voltage end P, and the other end of the first switching tube V1 is connected with the excitation output positive end; one end of the second switching tube V2 is connected with the negative voltage end N, and the other end of the second switching tube V is connected with the excitation output negative end; the third switching tube V3 is connected with the sixth diode VD6 in series, one end of the serial branch is connected with the intermediate voltage end O, and the other end of the serial branch is connected with the excitation output negative end;
the first diode VD1, the second diode VD2 and the third diode VD3 are respectively connected in parallel in opposite directions with two ends of the first switch tube V1, the second switch tube V2 and the third switch tube V3;
one end of the fourth diode VD4 is connected with the positive voltage end P, and the other end of the fourth diode is connected with the excitation output negative end; one end of the fifth diode VD5 is connected with the negative voltage end N, and the other end is connected with the excitation output positive end;
the collector of the first switching tube V1 is connected with the positive voltage end P, and the emitter is connected with the excitation output positive end;
an emitter of the second switching tube V2 is connected with a negative voltage end N, and a collector of the second switching tube V is connected with an excitation output negative end;
an emitter of the third switching tube V3 is connected with an anode of a sixth diode VD6, a cathode of the sixth diode VD6 is connected with an intermediate voltage end O, and a collector of the third switching tube V3 is connected with an excitation output negative end;
the cathode of the fourth diode VD4 is connected with the positive voltage end P, and the anode is connected with the excitation output negative end;
the anode of the fifth diode VD5 is connected with the negative voltage end N, and the cathode is connected with the excitation output positive end;
the control ends of the first switching tube V1, the second switching tube V2 and the third switching tube V3 are controlled by an excitation regulator of the excitation system of the generator;
when the excitation system is in operation, when the first switching tube V1 and the second switching tube V2 are turned on, the circuit outputs voltage +E; when the first switching tube V1 and the third switching tube V3 are turned on, the circuit outputs voltage +E/2; when the first switching tube V1 is turned on, current flows through the fourth diode VD4, and the circuit outputs voltage 0; when the second switching tube V2 is turned on, current flows through the fifth diode VD5, and the circuit outputs voltage 0; when the third switching tube V3 is turned on, current flows through the fifth diode VD5 and the sixth diode VD6, and the circuit outputs voltage-E/2; when current is freewheeling through the fourth diode VD4 and the fifth diode V5, the circuit outputs a voltage-E.
2. The generator excitation system including the five-level direct current conversion circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first switching tube V1, the second switching tube V2 and the third switching tube V3 each employ an IGBT full control device.
3. The generator excitation system including the five-level direct current conversion circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the control method of the excitation system comprises the following steps:
normal excitation is realized by adopting a +E/2 and 0 level combination mode, and the adjustment between 0 and rated excitation voltage is output;
short-time forced excitation is realized by adopting a +E/2 and +E level combination mode, and adjustment from rated output to maximum excitation voltage is performed;
the inversion control is carried out by adopting a 0 and-E/2 level combination mode, so that slow de-excitation is realized;
and inversion control is performed by adopting a combination mode of-E/2 and-E level, so that rapid strong de-excitation is realized.
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| CN108631669B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2024-03-19 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Three-level direct current conversion circuit with controllable neutral point voltage and control method thereof |
| CN112952784A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-11 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Excitation becomes overload limiter suitable for flexible excitation system |
| CN113783201B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-05-09 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Power generation system based on three-channel full-control excitation device and control method thereof |
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| EP2879286A1 (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | Delta Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | Five-level rectifier |
| EP2955837A1 (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-12-16 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Semicontuctor switching circuit |
| CN105743375A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-06 | 天津工业大学 | Multi-level power topology structure of switch reluctance motor |
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| TWI479794B (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2015-04-01 | Ablerex Electonic Co Ltd | Fifth-order dc to ac power circuit |
| CN207117499U (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-03-16 | 国网浙江省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of five level DCs translation circuit and the generator excited system comprising the circuit |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2879286A1 (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | Delta Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | Five-level rectifier |
| EP2955837A1 (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-12-16 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Semicontuctor switching circuit |
| CN105743375A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-06 | 天津工业大学 | Multi-level power topology structure of switch reluctance motor |
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| 徐政 ; 许烽 ; .输电线路交改直的关键技术研究.高电压技术.(第01期),全文. * |
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