CN101599649A - The modulation system of SPWM inverter control signal in directly-driving wind power generation system and the system - Google Patents
The modulation system of SPWM inverter control signal in directly-driving wind power generation system and the system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The modulation system of SPWM inverter control signal in directly-driving wind power generation system and the system is characterized in that being provided with high induction permanent magnet synchronous generator and links to each other with wind energy conversion system is coaxial, the uncontrollable rectifier of AC signal output series connection three-phase of high induction permanent magnet generator; The direct current of exporting in the uncontrollable rectifier of three-phase is as follow-up current source inverter input signal, and the output signal of current source inverter is fed to AC network with sine-wave current behind filter filtering; Current source inverter is made of full control electronic power switch and current source type full bridge inverter, and controlling electronic power switch entirely and be with Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM is control signal.The present invention can generate electricity wind generator system equally under the very low situation of wind speed, no longer need to use the dc capacitor of current transformer, and simplified control system improves the complete machine generating efficiency, reduces cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transformation of electrical energy system and control method that is applied in the wind generator system.
Background technology
The following miniature wind power generation system of 50KW mainly is to adopt speed change, direct-drive permanent-magnetism synchronous generator and fixed pitch blade construction.In this structure, magneto alternator adopts low induction permanent magnet synchronous generator usually, and motor links to each other with voltage source inverter VSI successively with the capacitor of rectifier, DC link.Low induction permanent magnet synchronous generator can serve as voltage source because internal resistance is less, adopts the voltage source inverter of PWM control to can be used to produce required sinusoidal current.But the major defect of this structure is:
1, wind speed range is limited
Because the voltage source that low induction permanent magnet synchronous generator and electronic power rectifier constitute, its size is along with change of wind velocity has very big fluctuation, can reach tens volts to two hectovolts, but the output voltage of voltage source inverter is fixed as 220V AC or 380VAC, therefore, require the input voltage can not be low excessively.This has just limited the wind speed range that electric energy can be fed back to electrical network greatly.This adopts such structure just can't effectively utilize system equipment for the long-term lower place of wind speed.
2, cost costliness
Corresponding and low induction permanent magnet synchronous generator, existing combining inverter structure needs complicated Power Electronic Circuit and control algolithm, such as, the BOOST circuit of taking in order to promote the voltage under the low speed.Because the cost of inverter controller is several times of generator cost normally, obviously, this has increased system cost greatly, has also therefore hindered the small-sized blower fan that is incorporated into the power networks and has used more widely.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for avoiding above-mentioned existing in prior technology weak point, provide a kind of based on high induction permanent magnet synchronous generator directly-driving wind power generation system and system in the modulation system of SPWM inverter control signal, in the hope of wind generator system can be generated electricity under the very low situation of wind speed equally, simultaneously no longer need to use the dc capacitor of current transformer, with simplified control system, improve the complete machine generating efficiency, reduce cost.
Technical solution problem of the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The design feature of directly-driving wind power generation system of the present invention is:
High induction permanent magnet synchronous generator is set links to each other, the uncontrollable rectifier of three-phase that the AC signal output series connection of described high induction permanent magnet generator is made up of power diode D1-D6 with wind energy conversion system is coaxial; As follow-up current source inverter input signal, the output signal Iout of described current source inverter is fed to AC network eg with sine-wave current Ig behind filter filtering with the direct current Ir that exports in the uncontrollable rectifier of described three-phase;
Described current source inverter is made of full control electronic power switch T5 and current source type full bridge inverter, and described full control electronic power switch T5 is to be control signal with Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM;
Setting is based on the dsp controller of digital signal processor, wind-driven generator current sampling signal Igenm, wind-driven generator voltage sampling signal Vgenm, grid-connected current sampled signal Igridm, line voltage sampled signal Vgridm, and the direct current sampled signal VSH1 that exports in the uncontrollable rectifier of described three-phase, current-mode inverter circuit output current sampled signal Ioutm inserts the sampled signal input of described dsp controller respectively, is generated the real-time Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation SPWM signal that is used to control electronic power switch T5 break-make by described dsp controller; With described dsp controller be to the order that the power electronic switching T1～T4 that constitutes the current source type full bridge inverter carries out control: corresponding to the positive half cycle of electrical network, T1, T4 conducting, T2, T3 turn-off; Corresponding electrical network negative half period, T2, T3 conducting, T1, T4 turn-off.
The characteristics of the modulation system of Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM are to adopt the homalographic pulse-width modulation in the directly-driving wind power generation system of the present invention, and described homalographic pulse-width modulation is to carry out in the following manner:
The modulation wave signal of a, described Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM is set at the half-sinusoid signal V of twice mains frequency
Ref
The carrier signal of b, described Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM is high frequency sawtooth waveforms carrier signal V
Car, in each cycle, described high frequency sawtooth waveforms carrier signal V
CarAmplitude and the uncontrollable rectifier of described three-phase in output DC stream be integrated into direct ratio, and frequency remains unchanged;
C, described carrier signal and modulation wave signal are compared, at modulation wave signal during greater than carrier signal, output high level logic " 1 ", otherwise output low level logical zero, so, obtain that a row height and width do not wait but SPWM pulse control signal that area changes by sinusoidal rule, control the output current I that electronic power switch T5 obtains same waveform with described SPWM pulse control signal
Inv
The present invention is provided with high induction permanent magnet synchronous generator and directly links to each other with wind energy conversion system is coaxial, the alternating current of high induction permanent magnet generator output is behind uncontrollable rectifier rectification, obtain the approximately constant DC current source that amplitude does not change with change of wind velocity, as the current source inverter input signal, the output signal of current source inverter is fed to AC network with sine-wave current behind filter filtering with this DC current source; Meanwhile, controlling electronic power switch T5 entirely and be with Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM is control signal, and Constant Direct Current electric current source is shaped to the SPWM current waveform via the integer circuit that full control electronic power switch T5 constitutes; The SPWM waveform grid-connected current that the current source type full bridge inverter is consistent with mains frequency with SPWM current waveform generate fundamental frequency.
The Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM that electronic power switch T5 is controlled in the present invention entirely is according to wind-driven generator current sampling signal Igenm, wind-driven generator voltage sampling signal Vgenm, grid-connected current sampled signal Igridm, line voltage sampled signal Vgridm, and output DC stream sampled signal VSH1 in the uncontrollable rectifier of described three-phase, current-mode inverter circuit output current sampled signal Ioutm and homalographic pulse length modulation principle are generated in real time by described dsp controller; The operating frequency of T5 depends on the sawtooth wave frequency in the modulation of SPWM signal.
Compare with existing directly-driving wind power generation system based on low induction permanent magnet synchronous generator, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, the present invention has adopted high induction permanent magnet synchronous generator as generator unit, because the effect of high inductance, its output current is approximate constant, and back-emf voltage and leakage reactance all are directly proportional with speed in the stator.Like this, high inductance generator just can be regarded an approximate constant-current source as, and its output current is not subjected to Influences on Wind Velocity.The employing output current is that the generator of constant can bring convenience to system design, because combining inverter can have been simplified the design and the control of power electronic system greatly to the controlled electric current of electrical network feedback (it acts on just as voltage source).Saved the electric capacity of DC link, the energy storage inductor of DC link is integrated among the inductance of magneto alternator simultaneously, again because of inverter cost several times of generator cost normally, this not only can increase the available wind speed range of grid type miniature wind power generation system, simultaneously, also can significantly reduce the cost of inverter controller.In addition, different with traditional voltage controlled grid-connected inverter, it does not need the current sensor and the electric current quick control part of high bandwidth, and this has simplified the design of controller greatly.
2, the present invention adopts full control electronic power switch T5 and fast diode to form the SPWM shaping and the control of current waveform shaping and control circuit realization grid-connected current, the operating frequency of T5 is the sawtooth waveforms carrier frequency among the SPWM, and the operating frequency of described power electronic switching T1～T4 is a mains frequency, compare with voltage source type inverter and conventional current type inverter circuit, the operating frequency of described power electronic switching T1～T4 reduces greatly, thereby also will reduce the dynamic loss of described power electronic switching T1～T4 greatly, thereby improve overall system efficiency.
3, the present invention with insulated gate bipolar transistor npn npn IGBT with good characteristics such as switching loss are low, operating frequency is high, the safety operation area is wide as power electronic switching, be connected into the single-phase full bridge inverter circuit with described power electronic switching T1～T4 and Power Diode Pumped D8～D11, can realize the inversion of DC-AC energy.
Although during 4 fluctuations in wind speed, the output current of high induction permanent magnet synchronous generator changes little, and its instantaneous value still has certain fluctuation range.Because the fluctuation of direct current, if adopt conventional SPWM modulation technique, the triple-frequency harmonics amplitude that is comprised in the output current of current source inverter will increase.The present invention adopts homalographic pulse width modulation controlled strategy, according to the size of the uncontrollable rectifier of described three-phase with the real-time pulsating direct current electric current of the alternating current rectification output of high induction permanent magnet generator output, produce that pulsewidth and amplitude all change but SPWM control signal that area changes by sinusoidal rule, the triple-frequency harmonics amplitude of the grid-connected current of described current waveform shaping circuit and single-phase electricity flow pattern inverter circuit output is significantly reduced, simultaneously, reduce the leakage inductance of high electric induction motor as far as possible, improve the whole efficiency of system.
5, with based on low induction permanent magnet synchronous generator system compare, because the boosting of inductance, described directly-driving wind power generation system based on high induction permanent magnet synchronous generator can be exported and the be incorporated into the power networks voltage of voltage matches of power distribution network, thereby can save the low frequency step-up transformer, thereby can alleviate the overall weight of converting means and the overall efficiency of raising system.
6, the AC network that the present invention relates to can conventional electrical network, also can be the miniature AC network that diesel engine or diesel engine/storage battery and other regenerative resource (as solar energy, biomass energy etc.) compound electricity generation system provide.The present invention can be used for high-power directly-driving wind power generation system, also can be used for the middle low power wind generator system, particularly for the small-power wind generator system, adopt system of the present invention will increase the available wind speed range of grid type miniature wind power generation system, thereby improve the cost performance of whole system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is circuit theory diagrams of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is wind-driven generator output current I among Fig. 1
a, rectification circuit output current I
r: electric current integer circuit output current I
Inv, inverter output current I
OutAnd grid-connected current I
gThe waveform schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is a homalographic pulse width control principle of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a homalographic PWM modulation result schematic diagram of the present invention.
Below implement, and the invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings by concrete:
Embodiment
Shown in Figure 1, high induction permanent magnet synchronous generator is set links to each other with wind energy conversion system is coaxial, constitute directly-driving wind power generation system.When wind speed reached system's incision wind speed, high induction permanent magnet generator was exported the alternating current of approximate rectangular ripple under the driving of wind energy conversion system, shown in Fig. 2 (a).High induction permanent magnet generator output and the uncontrollable rectifier polyphone of the three-phase of forming by power diode D1-D6.The uncontrollable rectifier of three-phase obtains a substantially invariable DC current source of amplitude with the alternating current rectification of high induction permanent magnet generator output, and its amplitude do not change with change of wind velocity substantially, shown in Fig. 2 (b).
Form the current shaping circuit with the electronic power switch T5 and the fast diode D7 of rectification circuit output-parallel.Control circuit based on DSP generates real-time SPWM control signal, conducting and the shutoff of control electronic power switch T5, thus the direct current of the uncontrollable rectifier circuit output of three-phase is shaped to twice electrical network SPWM current waveform frequently, shown in Fig. 2 (c).According to the power system capacity size, electronic power switch T5 can be MOSFET, IGBT or IGCT device.Power electronic switching T1～T4 and Power Diode Pumped D8～D11 are connected into the single-phase full bridge current-mode inverter circuit, with the twice electrical network SPWM current waveform generate fundamental frequency SPWM current waveform consistent frequently of described current shaping circuit output, shown in Fig. 2 (d) with mains frequency.Through the LC low-pass filter circuit, obtain sinusoidal wave grid-connected current Ig, shown in Fig. 2 (e).
In real work, because the leakage inductance of high induction permanent magnet synchronous generator is a finite value, the output current of the uncontrollable rectification circuit of described three-phase is the pulsating direct current electric current that is cyclic swing, shown in Fig. 4 (a), the inverter output current harmonics that pulsation brought for the output current of eliminating the uncontrollable rectification circuit of described three-phase, make high induction permanent magnet synchronous generator leakage inductance value be in reasonable range simultaneously, the homalographic pulse width modulation mode is adopted in the generation of SPWM control signal, comprising:
1, the modulation wave signal of Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM is set at the half-sinusoid signal of twice mains frequency, as V among Fig. 3
RefShown in;
2, the carrier signal of Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM is a high frequency sawtooth waveforms carrier signal, as V among Fig. 3
CarShown in.In each cycle, as the input signal of integrating circuit ING, the output of integrating circuit ING was high frequency sawtooth waveforms carrier signal V after the sampled value VSH1 of output DC stream amplified through amplifier AM in the uncontrollable rectifier of three-phase
Car, so high frequency sawtooth waveforms carrier signal V
CarAmplitude be with the uncontrollable rectifier of three-phase in output DC stream be integrated into direct ratio, and frequency remains unchanged, this is realized by timing reset circuit RESET;
3, the comparison circuit CM among Fig. 3 compares carrier signal and modulation wave signal, at modulation wave signal during greater than carrier signal, output high level logic " 1 ", otherwise output low level logical zero, so, obtain that a row height and width do not wait but area by the SPWM pulse control signal of sinusoidal rule variation.During this control signal control T5, thereby the direct current of the uncontrollable rectifier circuit output of three-phase is shaped to unipolar SPWM current waveform,, obtains inverter output current shown in Fig. 4 (c) Iout through the single-phase full bridge current-mode inverter circuit.Different with the SPWM modulation system of routine, its height of the waveform of described inverter output current and width do not wait but area is pressed the SPWM waveform of sinusoidal rule variation, so, can reduce the humorous wave amplitude of grid-connected current of the inverter that pulsation brought of the output current of the uncontrollable rectification circuit of described three-phase, can also reduce simultaneously the leakage inductance value of high motor, thereby improve the whole efficiency of system.
In addition, DSP control unit DSPCON is power controlling electronic switch T1～T4 also, power electronic switching T1～T4 adopts the insulated gate bipolar transistor npn npn IGBT of good characteristics such as switching loss is low, operating frequency is high, the safety operation area is wide, the negative electrode of Power Diode Pumped D8, D9, D10 and D11 is connected in series with the collector electrode of electronic switch T1～T4 respectively, makes T1～T4 can bear reverse voltage and the reverse current of blocking-up from emitter to collector electrode; Power electronic switching T1～T4 and Power Diode Pumped D8～D11 are connected in the output loop after the single-phase full bridge current-mode inverter circuit is arranged at serial connection diode D7, the DSP control unit for the control sequence of power electronic switching T1～T4 is: the positive half cycle of corresponding electrical network, T1, T4 conducting, T2, T3 turn-off; And corresponding electrical network negative half period, T2, T3 conducting, T1, T4 turn-off; Thereby the Unipolar SPWM current waveform of current shaping circuit output is reverse into and fundametal compoment and electrical network same frequency SPWM current waveform, the size of its phase place according to control mode can be in advance, hysteresis or with the line voltage same-phase.
In concrete the enforcement, corresponding circuit setting also comprises:
Under high-power situation, power electronic switching T1～T4 can also be turn-off thyristor GTO, integrated gate commutated thyristor IGCT.When using GTO or IGCT, then the Power Diode Pumped D8 among Fig. 1～D11 can remove;
The low-pass filter circuit of being made up of inductance L, capacitor C is connected with the full-bridge current-mode inverter circuit, and the SPWM waveform that makes the output of single-phase full bridge current-mode inverter circuit is near sinusoidal wave, thereby the total harmonic distortion value that guarantees grid-connected current is lower than set quota.
Dsp controller adopts the TMS320LF2812 microprocessor, and power electronic switching T1～T4 and Power Diode Pumped D8～D11 are connected into the single-phase full bridge current-mode inverter circuit; Be arranged on and be serially connected with in the diode D7 output loop afterwards, the DSP control unit is Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation SPWM based on the homalographic modulation principle for the control mode of power electronic switching T5, to the control frequency 50Hz (or mains frequency) of T1～T4, the Unipolar SPWM current waveform that the current shaping circuit is exported is reverse into first-harmonic and electrical network same frequency SPWM current waveform.The size of its phase place, according to control strategy can be in advance, lag behind or with the line voltage same-phase.
Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4, VSH1 are dc bus current I
rMeasured value, this value is amplified through unconventional and unrestrained device, carries out integral operation through integrating circuit then.This integrating circuit carries out zero clearing according to certain clock cycle, and the output of integrating circuit is the sawtooth waveforms carrier signal that a series of wide but amplitudes are directly proportional with the direct current of uncontrollable rectifier output like this.This carrier signal compares with the half-sinusoid signal modulation wave signal that is set at the twice mains frequency, will obtain that height and width do not wait but area by the SPWM waveform of sinusoidal rule variation.This shows, although the direct current of uncontrollable rectifier output pulse, adopts the homalographic pulse modulation technology can obtain the SPWM pulse equally and exports, and to make the current source inverter output current be the less SPWM output current I of harmonic content thereby reach
OutThe control effect.
Among Fig. 4 (a), Ir is the pulsating direct current electric current of uncontrollable rectification circuit output;
Among Fig. 4 (b), Vcar is the sawtooth waveforms carrier wave, and Vref is the half-sinusoid modulating wave of twice mains frequency;
Among Fig. 4 (c), Iout be (before the LC filtering) height and width of inverter output does not wait but area by the SPWM current waveform of sinusoidal rule variation; e
gWaveform for line voltage.
Claims (2)
1, directly-driving wind power generation system is characterized in that:
High induction permanent magnet synchronous generator is set links to each other, the uncontrollable rectifier of three-phase that the AC signal output series connection of described high induction permanent magnet generator is made up of power diode D1-D6 with wind energy conversion system is coaxial; As follow-up current source inverter input signal, the output signal Iout of described current source inverter is fed to AC network eg with sine-wave current Ig behind filter filtering with the direct current Ir that exports in the uncontrollable rectifier of described three-phase;
Described current source inverter is made of full control electronic power switch T5 and current source type full bridge inverter, and described full control electronic power switch T5 is to be control signal with Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM;
Setting is based on the dsp controller of digital signal processor, wind-driven generator current sampling signal Igenm, wind-driven generator voltage sampling signal Vgenm, grid-connected current sampled signal Igridm, line voltage sampled signal Vgridm, and the direct current sampled signal VSH1 that exports in the uncontrollable rectifier of described three-phase, current-mode inverter circuit output current sampled signal Ioutm inserts the sampled signal input of described dsp controller respectively, is generated the real-time Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation SPWM signal that is used to control electronic power switch T5 break-make by described dsp controller; With described dsp controller be to the order that the power electronic switching T1～T4 that constitutes the current source type full bridge inverter carries out control: corresponding to the positive half cycle of electrical network, T1, T4 conducting, T2, T3 turn-off; Corresponding electrical network negative half period, T2, T3 conducting, T1, T4 turn-off.
2, the modulation system of Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM in the described system of claim 1 is characterized in that adopting the homalographic pulse-width modulation, and described homalographic pulse-width modulation is to carry out in the following manner:
The modulation wave signal of a, described Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM is set at the half-sinusoid signal V of twice mains frequency
Ref
The carrier signal of b, described Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation signal SPWM is high frequency sawtooth waveforms carrier signal V
Car, in each cycle, described high frequency sawtooth waveforms carrier signal V
CarAmplitude and the uncontrollable rectifier of described three-phase in output DC stream be integrated into direct ratio, and frequency remains unchanged;
C, described carrier signal and modulation wave signal are compared, at modulation wave signal during greater than carrier signal, output high level logic " 1 ", otherwise output low level logical zero, so, obtain that a row height and width do not wait but SPWM pulse control signal that area changes by sinusoidal rule, control the output current I that electronic power switch T5 obtains same waveform with described SPWM pulse control signal
Inv
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| CN101982918A (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2011-03-02 | 合肥工业大学 | Direct driving wind power generation system based on double SVPWM current mode convertor and control method thereof |
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| CN107623393A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-01-23 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七二研究所） | A kind of pressure-adjustable high-speed permanent magnetic electricity generation system |
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