CN102031395A - Method for reducing laterite nickel oxide ore by ore smelting electric arc furnace - Google Patents
Method for reducing laterite nickel oxide ore by ore smelting electric arc furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN102031395A CN102031395A CN 201010511436 CN201010511436A CN102031395A CN 102031395 A CN102031395 A CN 102031395A CN 201010511436 CN201010511436 CN 201010511436 CN 201010511436 A CN201010511436 A CN 201010511436A CN 102031395 A CN102031395 A CN 102031395A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for directly reducing laterite nickel oxide ore to enrich nickel by an ore smelting electric arc furnace. The method comprises the following steps of: crushing the laterite nickel oxide ore until the granularity is 100 to 320 meshes, drying, adding a carbon reducing agent which is 3 to 13 weight percent of the laterite nickel oxide ore, reducing by adopting the ore smelting electric arc furnace, adding a slag former which is 1 to 5 weight percent of the raw materials for treatment at the end of the reduction, discharging materials, directly treating the discharged materials by using high-temperature steam or water quenching, performing wet grinding, and performing magnetic separation at the magnetic field intensity of 3,000 to 5,000 gauss to obtain nickel concentrate in the grade of 5 to 15 percent. The method has the characteristics of high adaptability to materials, short flow, high nickel recovery, low energy consumption, capacity of simplifying the flow and saving equipment investment, environmental friendliness and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the metallurgy of nickel technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method with the hot stove reduction in electric arc ore deposit laterite nickel oxide ore.
Background technology
The laterite nickel oxide ore is easily exploited, but can not beneficiation enrichment, and smelting technology is directly at raw ore, and the smelting scale is big.Laterite nickel oxide ores complicated component in addition, mineral species is many, nickel cobalt grade low (Ni0.8～1.5%, Co＜0.1%), metalliferous mineral to be recycled (nickel oxide and cobalt oxide) diffusion profile in ore, the technical difficulty of recovery is bigger.Therefore, the separation problem of iron magnesium silicate be in fairly large smelting process, solved, energy consumption and technology cost must be increased.
At present, the treatment process of nickel oxide ore is concluded in the world roughly three kinds, i.e. thermal process, wet processing and fiery wet method combined process.Thermal process is by the difference of its melting and output product, mainly contains electric furnace or retailoring of blast furnace and produces ferronickel, electric furnace or blast furnace and add vulcanizing agent and carry out sulfiding smelting and produce two technologies of nickel matte; Wet processing can be divided into ammonia soaking technology and pressurized acid leaching technology by the difference of its infusion solution; Fire wet method combined process is meant that nickel oxide ore adopts beneficiation method to select the technology of useful products after reducing roasting, mainly contain reducing roasting-normal pressure ammonia and soak, emanate-reducing roasting-ore dressing etc.
Thermal process is handled laterite nickel oxide ore production Rhometal and is had flow process weak point, efficient advantages of higher, but energy consumption is higher.It is energy consumption that maximum in the running cost constitutes item, as adopt electrosmelting, only power consumption just accounts for 50% of running cost, adds the preceding drying of laterite nickel oxide ore melting, the fuel consumption of roasting pretreatment technology, and the energy consumption cost in the running cost accounts for more than 65% possibly.In addition, the height of the nickeliferous grade of ore plays an important role to the production cost of thermal process, 0.1 percentage point of the nickeliferous raising of ore, and production cost approximately can reduce by 3～4 percentage points; Vice versa, 0.1 percentage point of the nickeliferous every reduction of ore, and production cost approximately improves 3～4 percentage points.Therefore, existing thermal process is not suitable for the low laterite nickel oxide ore of nickel content.
Ammonia leaching process treatment process in the wet processing is not suitable for Treatment of Copper and contains the high laterite nickel oxide ore of cobalt, only is suitable for handling the laterite on top layer; Pressurized acid leaching technology can reach the highest nickel cobalt rate of recovery, but only be suitable for handling the laterite nickel oxide ore of low Mg content, exist the too high and sal epsom of sulfuric acid consumption to be difficult to effectively utilize two large problems because handle high magnesium ore deposit, can directly influence its economic benefit and be difficult to reach the more and more environmental requirement of strictness.
Fire wet method combined process is suitable for handling the nickel oxide ore of any kind, and energy consumption is low, and production cost is low, but Technology is stable inadequately at present, and the key problem in technology such as temperature control that mix with ore with reducing roasting process as fine coal are difficult to control.Problems such as in addition, segregation-ore dressing exists chlorine and hydrogenchloride to pollute, and production process is difficult to control, and the index fluctuation is bigger.
This shows that the smelting technology of laterite nickel oxide ore is the most complicated in all heavy non-ferrous metal, also can not find any two nickel so far in the world and smelt factory and use complete identical smelting technology.All the time, both at home and abroad to the laterite nickel oxide ore, particularly low-grade laterite nickel oxide ore Study on Technology is very active.Technically formulate technical process efficiently round enrichment and isolating main line, promptly when selection technology or process procedure, operation and combination process flow process, at first main consideration realizes being separated from each other of the separating of a small amount of valuable metal and the iron magnesium silicate gangue that accounts for absolute magnitude in the ore, each valuable metal efficiently, and refining is the target of product respectively at last.Possess the economic benefit of low input, high production simultaneously and reach environmental requirement.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the hot stove in a kind of electric arc ore deposit and directly reduce the method for laterite nickel oxide ore enriching nickel, it is strong for material adaptability, and reducing atmosphere is controlled easily, help the reduction of metal, can simplify flow process and save facility investment, can improve the flowability of reduction material, make blowing smooth and easy.
This method is to realize with step by the following method: the laterite nickel oxide ore is broken for 100～320 orders, dry, after adding the carbonaceous reducing agent of its weight 3～13%, adopt the hot stove reduction in electric arc ore deposit, the slag former that adds raw material weight 1～5% when reduction finishes is handled the back blowing, discharging is directly handled with high-temperature steam or shrend, behind wet grinding, carries out the nickel ore concentrate that magnetic separation is a grade 5～15% under magneticstrength 3000～5000 Gausses.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention also comprises:
Laterite nickel after the fragmentation should be dried to ore free water content≤20%; The carbonaceous reducing agent that adds during electric arc ore deposit hot stove reduction adopts coal, coke or carbon black solid any one or compound, and reduction temperature is controlled at 900～1350 ℃, and the recovery time is 20～90min; The slag former that slag making added when handling is any one or a compound of Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), quartz sand or lime.
The pulp density of described wet grinding is controlled at 50～60wt%, and grinding particle size reaches 100～320 orders.
The hot stove in electric arc ore deposit that is adopted is ac arc furnace or direct current electric arc furnace.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention is strong to material adaptability, i.e. the present invention does not require laterite nickel oxide ore raw material composition, no matter is magnesium height, iron height, or silicon height, and raw material nickel grade is high or low, all can adopt the technology of the present invention to carry out the enrichment of nickel, obtains nickeliferous 5～15% nickel ore concentrate.The gained nickel ore concentrate can further as required melting generate Rhometal; Perhaps adopt oxygen to press leaching-electrodeposition process, directly obtain 1# electricity nickel, cobalt reclaims with the form of cobaltous carbonate.
2, adopt the hot stove in electric arc ore deposit can produce higher smelting temperature, and can transmit heat to the molten bath effectively, make fire box temperature more even, and atmosphere is controlled easily, help the reduction of metal, the reduction ratio of metal 〉=90%, energy consumption low (50～80Kg mark coal/t does the ore deposit) is handled in the ton ore deposit.In addition, directly reduce red soil nickel ore, can directly handle the powdery powder, can also remove material briquetting operation from, simplify flow process and also save facility investment as adopting DC electric arc ore-smelting furnace;
3, reduction finish to add slag former, help reducing material " foam column " formation and improve the flowability of reduction material, make blowing smooth and easy; The reduction material is directly with having slowed down reoxidizing of later stage after high-temperature steam or the Water Quenching.
4, the laterite nickel oxide ore has further improved the grade of nickel ore concentrate behind reducing roasting, magnetic concentration, has reduced the treatment capacity of subsequent technique, can cut down the consumption of energy greatly and various material consumption.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a principle process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the chemical ingredients of magnesia laterite nickel oxide and ferruginous laterite nickel oxide mixing ore deposit raw material: Ni1.02～1.23%, Mg 12.01～16.02%, and Fe 7.05～15.89%, and Co 0.043～0.067%, Al3.21～4.88%, Si 2.01～15.96%.
A, employing Vertical Mill are crushed to the raw ore (containing water of constitution is 20～25%) that (after the pre-treatment) contains surface water＜5% below the 0.5mm, join in the 12500KVA DC electric arc ore-smelting furnace, add the reduction coal dust that accounts for raw ore weight ratio 5% simultaneously and carry out strong reducing and smelting, reduction temperature is controlled at 1000 ± 50 ℃, recovery time 30～60min, metallic reducing rate＞92%.
B, add when reduction finishes after the lime that accounts for material 2% carries out slag making, after directly material being put into water quenching pool and being handled, it is levigate to send into wet-type ball mill, and ore milling concentration is controlled at 50～60%, and grinding particle size reaches 200～320 orders.Adopt magnetic separator to sort, magneticstrength 3000 Gausses obtain nickeliferous 3.5% nickel rough concentrate.Carry out sulfide flotation afterwards again, obtain 10～15% nickel ore concentrate product, nickel direct yield＞80%, nickel total yield＞87%.
Embodiment 2: the chemical ingredients of magnesia laterite nickel oxide ore raw material: Ni 0.81～1.1%, Mg19.25～24.10%, Fe8.01～11.01%, Co0.021～0.03%, Al0.04～0.07%, Si15.04～20.78%
A, employing Vertical Mill are crushed to the raw ore (containing water of constitution is 20～25%) that (after the pre-treatment) contains surface water＜5% below the 0.5mm, add in the hot stove in alternating current arc ore deposit that joins 6300KVA after 8% coke powder, the composite additive briquetting and carry out strong reducing and smelting, reduction temperature is controlled at 1200 ± 50 ℃, recovery time 40～80min, metallic reducing rate＞90%.
B, reduction material are emitted by drain hole after adding 3% Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) slag making and are handled with the high-temperature steam cooling.Afterwards, it is levigate to send into wet-type ball mill, and ore milling concentration is controlled at 50～60%, and grinding particle size reaches 200～320 orders.Adopt magnetic separator to sort, magneticstrength 3000 Gausses obtain nickeliferous 5～10% nickel ore concentrate.
The nickel ore concentrate of C, acquisition is pressed leaching to change the nickelous sulfide in the nickel sulfide concentrate into single nickel salt through oxygen and is entered leach liquor, purification of leaching liquor removal of impurities, nickel cobalt separate, heavy nickel, cobalt reclaims with the form of cobaltous carbonate, and nickel adopts the sulfate system electrowinning with insoluble anode to get 1# electricity nickel product.
Embodiment 3: the chemical ingredients of ferruginous laterite nickel oxide ore raw material: Ni1.11～1.25%, Mg8.04～10.12%, Fe18.51～25.99%, Co0.061～0.081%, Al3.21～4.88%, Si2.01～15.96%.
A, employing Vertical Mill are crushed to the raw ore (containing water of constitution is 20～25%) that (after the pre-treatment) contains surface water＜5% below the 0.5mm, and allocate 6% nut coke into, directly join and carry out strong reducing and smelting in 6300～12500KVA DC electric arc ore-smelting furnace, the reduction section temperature is controlled at 950 ± 50 ℃, recovery time 20～50min, metallic reducing rate＞92.5%.
B, reduction material are directly put into water quenching pool from drain hole and handled after adding 4% quartz sand slag making after, it is levigate to send into wet-type ball mill, and ore milling concentration is controlled at 50～60%, and grinding particle size reaches 200～320 orders.Adopt magnetic separator to sort, magneticstrength 3000 Gausses obtain nickeliferous 5～10% nickel ore concentrate.
C, the nickel ore concentrate that obtained by the weight of material ratio 8% with addition of going into the nut coke that granularity is 10～30mm, DC electric arc ore-smelting furnace with 6300～12500KVA is proceeded retailoring, output is nickeliferous＞20% ferronickel, and nickel metal direct yield 〉=93%, the ferrous metal rate of recovery 〉=91%.
Claims (4)
1. the method for the hot stove reduction in electric arc ore deposit laterite nickel oxide ore, it is characterized in that: the laterite nickel oxide ore is broken for 100～320 orders, dry, after adding the carbonaceous reducing agent of its weight 3～13%, adopt the hot stove reduction in electric arc ore deposit, the slag former that adds raw material weight 1～5% when reduction finishes is handled the back blowing, and discharging is directly handled with high-temperature steam or shrend, behind wet grinding, under magneticstrength 3000～5000 Gausses, carry out the nickel ore concentrate that magnetic separation is a grade 5～15%.
2. the method for the hot stove reduction in electric arc according to claim 1 ore deposit laterite nickel oxide ore, it is characterized in that: the laterite nickel after the fragmentation should be dried to ore free water content≤20%; The carbonaceous reducing agent that adds during electric arc ore deposit hot stove reduction adopts coal, coke or carbon black solid any one or compound, and reduction temperature is controlled at 900～1350 ℃, and the recovery time is 20～90min; The slag former that slag making added when handling is any one or a compound of Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), quartz sand or lime.
3. the method for the hot stove reduction in electric arc according to claim 2 ore deposit laterite nickel oxide ore, it is characterized in that: the pulp density of wet grinding is controlled at 50～60wt%, and grinding particle size reaches 100～320 orders.
4. the method for the hot stove reduction in electric arc according to claim 3 ore deposit laterite nickel oxide ore, it is characterized in that: the hot stove in electric arc ore deposit that is adopted is ac arc furnace or direct current electric arc furnace.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3187602A4 (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2018-04-25 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | Method for smelting nickel oxide ore |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101323904A (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2008-12-17 | 红河恒昊矿业股份有限公司 | Method for enriching nickel iron ore concentrate from laterite type nickel ore by means of rotary kiln |
| CN101603110A (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2009-12-16 | 章宇 | With the red soil nickel ore is the method for raw material with shaft kiln directly reduced ferronickel |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101323904A (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2008-12-17 | 红河恒昊矿业股份有限公司 | Method for enriching nickel iron ore concentrate from laterite type nickel ore by means of rotary kiln |
| CN101603110A (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2009-12-16 | 章宇 | With the red soil nickel ore is the method for raw material with shaft kiln directly reduced ferronickel |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3187602A4 (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2018-04-25 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | Method for smelting nickel oxide ore |
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Application publication date: 20110427 |