CN102021351A - Integrated approach to enriching nickel from nickel oxide laterite ore - Google Patents
Integrated approach to enriching nickel from nickel oxide laterite ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an integrated approach to enriching nickel from nickel oxide laterite ore, comprising the following steps of: breaking the nickel oxide laterite ore into 100-320-mesh specification by a vertical mill; and feeding into a multistage cyclone to successively dry, calcine and reduce; meanwhile, injecting coal, coke or carbon black solid reductant into the multistage cyclone for prereduction roasting, wherein the amount of the added coal, coke or carbon black solid reductant accounts for 1-13wt% of the nickel oxide laterite ore; circulating and returning smoke discharged by prereduction roasting back to the vertical mill for drying materials; carrying out water quenching and wet ore grinding to the reduced materials; and carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field intensity of 3000-5000 Gaussians to obtain nickel ore concentrates of which the grade is 5-15wt%. The method can be used for processing different types of nickel oxide laterite ore and has the characteristics of strong adaptability to raw materials, flexible production technology and products, high nickel and cobalt recovery rate, low energy consumption, environment-protection performance and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the metallurgy of nickel technical field, be specifically related to the method for a kind of multistage cyclone device reducing roasting-magnetic concentration nickel.
Background technology
The laterite nickel oxide ore is easily exploited, but can not beneficiation enrichment, and smelting technology is directly at raw ore, and the smelting scale is big.Laterite nickel oxide ores complicated component in addition, mineral species is many, nickel cobalt grade low (Ni0.8～1.5%, Co＜0.1%), metalliferous mineral to be recycled (nickel oxide and cobalt oxide) diffusion profile in ore, the technical difficulty of recovery is bigger.Therefore, the separation problem of iron magnesium silicate be in fairly large smelting process, solved, energy consumption and technology cost must be increased.
At present, the treatment process of nickel oxide ore is concluded in the world roughly three kinds, i.e. thermal process, wet processing and fiery wet method combined process.Thermal process is by the difference of its melting and output product, mainly contains electric furnace or retailoring of blast furnace and produces ferronickel, electric furnace or blast furnace and add vulcanizing agent and carry out sulfiding smelting and produce two technologies of nickel matte; Wet processing can be divided into ammonia soaking technology and pressurized acid leaching technology by the difference of its infusion solution; Fire wet method combined process is meant that nickel oxide ore adopts beneficiation method to select the technology of useful products after reducing roasting, mainly contain reducing roasting-normal pressure ammonia and soak, emanate-reducing roasting-ore dressing etc.
Thermal process is handled laterite nickel oxide ore production Rhometal and is had flow process weak point, efficient advantages of higher, but energy consumption is higher.It is energy consumption that maximum in the running cost constitutes item, as adopt electrosmelting, only power consumption just accounts for 50% of running cost, adds the preceding drying of laterite nickel oxide ore melting, the fuel consumption of roasting pretreatment technology, and the energy consumption cost in the running cost accounts for more than 65% possibly.In addition, the height of the nickeliferous grade of ore plays an important role to the production cost of thermal process, 0.1 percentage point of the nickeliferous raising of ore, and production cost approximately can reduce by 3～4 percentage points; Vice versa, 0.1 percentage point of the nickeliferous every reduction of ore, and production cost approximately improves 3～4 percentage points.Therefore, existing thermal process is not suitable for the low laterite nickel oxide ore of nickel content.
Ammonia leaching process treatment process in the wet processing is not suitable for Treatment of Copper and contains the high laterite nickel oxide ore of cobalt, only is suitable for handling the laterite on top layer; Pressurized acid leaching technology can reach the highest nickel cobalt rate of recovery, but only be suitable for handling the laterite nickel oxide ore of low Mg content, exist the too high and sal epsom of sulfuric acid consumption to be difficult to effectively utilize two large problems because handle high magnesium ore deposit, can directly influence its economic benefit and be difficult to reach the more and more environmental requirement of strictness.
Fire wet method combined process is suitable for handling the nickel oxide ore of any kind, and energy consumption is low, and production cost is low, but Technology is stable inadequately at present, and the key problem in technology such as temperature control that mix with ore with reducing roasting process as fine coal are difficult to control.Problems such as in addition, segregation-ore dressing exists chlorine and hydrogenchloride to pollute, and production process is difficult to control, and the index fluctuation is bigger.
This shows that the smelting technology of laterite nickel oxide ore is the most complicated in all heavy non-ferrous metal, also can not find any two nickel so far in the world and smelt factory and use complete identical smelting technology.All the time, both at home and abroad to the laterite nickel oxide ore, particularly low-grade laterite nickel oxide ore Study on Technology is very active.Technically formulate technical process efficiently round enrichment and isolating main line, promptly when selection technology or process procedure, operation and combination process flow process, at first main consideration realizes being separated from each other of the separating of a small amount of valuable metal and the iron magnesium silicate gangue that accounts for absolute magnitude in the ore, each valuable metal efficiently, and refining is the target of product respectively at last.Possess the economic benefit of low input, high production simultaneously and reach environmental requirement.
Summary of the invention
The integrated approach that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of enriching nickel of laterite nickel oxide ore, this method can be used for handling dissimilar laterite nickel oxide ores, the nickel ore concentrate grade that obtains is higher, the rate of recovery height of cobalt, nickel, iron, have adaptability to raw material strong, production technique and product are flexible, and energy consumption is low, characteristics such as environmental friendliness.
The present invention realizes with step by the following method: adopt Vertical Mill that the laterite nickel oxide ore is crushed to 100～320 orders, send into the multistage cyclone device and carry out drying and calcining and reduction successively, simultaneously in the mode of spraying into coal, coke or carbon black solid reductant spray into and carry out the prereduction roasting, the coal that adds, coke or carbon black solid reductant account for 1～13wt% of laterite nickel oxide ore weight, the Vertical Mill dried material is returned in the flue gas recirculation that the prereduction roasting is discharged, the reduction material is through Water Quenching, wet grinding, gauss magnetic field intensity with 3000～5000 is carried out magnetic separation, obtains the nickel ore concentrate of grade 5～15wt%.
The present invention also comprises following concrete technical scheme:
Described laterite nickel oxide ore total moisture is 30～35wt%, and the drying and calcining section temperature in the multistage cyclone device is 700～850 ℃, and the reduction section temperature is controlled at 900～1100 ℃, the recovery time: 0.5～1h.
The concentration of described wet grinding is controlled at 50～60wt%, and grinding particle size reaches 100～320 orders.
Described nickel ore concentrate can adopt following two methods further to handle: (1) nickel ore concentrate high-grade ferronickel of the nickeliferous 6～25wt% of DC-ore-heating furnace melting output; (2) the nickel ore concentrate mode that adopts oxygen to press to leach will nickelous sulfide wherein changes single nickel salt into and enters leach liquor, and purification of leaching liquor removal of impurities, nickel cobalt separate, heavy nickel, and cobalt reclaims with the form of rose vitriol, and nickel adopts the sulfate system electrowinning with insoluble anode to get 1# electricity nickel product.
Single electrode DC-ore-heating furnace is adopted in the DC-ore-heating furnace melting, the hearth electrode of electric furnace is the conduction bottom electrode of air-cooled vane-type, adding granularity during melting is the nut coke furnace charge of 10～30mm, and account for 3～13% of material gross weight, adopt the fusion process of continuously feeding, 1350～1600 ℃ of smelting temperatures.
Oxygen presses the main technical details that leaches employing to be: the solid mass ratio of adjusting slurry is 3～6: 1, initial acidity 80～100g/L, 80～90 ℃ of the temperature of sizing mixing; Oxygen is pressed 145～180 ℃ of extraction temperatures, iron percent hydrolysis 〉=85%; Still is pressed 0.8～2.0MPa, and mixing speed is 100～300r/min, oxygenerator oxygen supply pressure 0.85～2.10MPa, oxygen purity 〉=90%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention is strong to material adaptability, be that the present invention does not require laterite nickel oxide ore raw material composition, no matter be magnesium height, iron height, or silicon height, and raw material nickel grade is high or low, all can adopt the technology of the present invention to carry out the enrichment of nickel, obtains nickeliferous 5～15% nickel ore concentrate, energy consumption lower (50～80Kg mark coal/t does the ore deposit) is handled in the ton ore deposit, and flow process is short.
2, the laterite nickel oxide ore is behind reducing roasting, magnetic concentration, further having improved nickel ore concentrate enters electrosmelting and produces the grade that ferronickel or oxygen press leaching-electrodeposition to produce electric nickel, reduced the treatment capacity of subsequent technique, can cut down the consumption of energy and various material consumption improve production efficiency and product quality greatly.
Can directly handle the powdery powder when 3, adopting multilevel reduction roasting, DC-ore-heating furnace melting ferronickel, remove material briquetting operation from, simplify flow process and saved facility investment; Simultaneously, adopt DC-ore-heating furnace can produce higher smelting temperature, and can transmit heat to the molten bath effectively, make fire box temperature more even, react more abundant, help improving metal recovery rate.
4, adopt technology of the present invention, can produce nickeliferous 6～25% Rhometal as required, nickel total yield 〉=93%; Or based on the product electrolytic nickel, attached product cobalt salt, nickel, cobalt total yield 〉=97%, comprehensive utilization of resources rate height, production cost is low, for dissimilar laterite nickel oxide ores comprehensive utilizations provide a kind of novel method, has important application and promotion prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a principle process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the chemical ingredients of magnesia laterite nickel oxide and ferruginous laterite nickel oxide mixing ore deposit raw material: Ni1.02～1.23%, Mg 12.01～16.02%, and Fe 7.05～15.89%, and Co 0.043～0.067%, Al3.21～4.88%, Si 2.01～15.96%.
A, employing Vertical Mill are crushed to the raw ore (containing water of constitution is 15～20%) that (after the pre-treatment) contains surface water＜5% below the 0.5mm, add the multistage cyclone device successively and carry out drying and calcining and reduction, spray into the reduction coal dust that accounts for raw ore weight ratio 5% simultaneously and carry out reducing roasting, 700 ± 50 ℃ of drying and calcining section temperature, the reduction section temperature is controlled at 950 ± 50 ℃, recovery time 0.5～1h.
B, reduction material are through Water Quenching, and it is levigate to send into wet-type ball mill, and ore milling concentration is controlled at 50～60%, and grinding particle size reaches 200～320 orders.Adopt magnetic separator to sort, magneticstrength 3000 Gausses obtain nickeliferous 3.5% nickel rough concentrate.Carry out sulfide flotation afterwards again, obtain 10～15% nickel ore concentrate product, nickel direct yield＞80%, nickel total yield＞87%.
Embodiment 2: the chemical ingredients of magnesia laterite nickel oxide ore raw material: Ni 0.81～1.1%, Mg19.25～24.10%, Fe8.01～11.01%, Co0.021～0.03%, Al0.04～0.07%, Si15.04～20.78%
A, employing Vertical Mill are crushed to the raw ore (containing water of constitution is 15～20%) that (after the pre-treatment) contains surface water＜5% below the 0.5mm, add the five-stage whirlwind device successively and carry out drying and calcining and reduction, spray into the reduction coal dust that accounts for raw ore weight ratio 5% simultaneously and carry out reducing roasting, 750 ± 50 ℃ of drying and calcining section temperature, the reduction section temperature is controlled at 900 ± 50 ℃, recovery time 0.5～1h.
B, reduction material are through Water Quenching, and it is levigate to send into wet-type ball mill, and ore milling concentration is controlled at 50～60%, and grinding particle size reaches 200～320 orders.Adopt magnetic separator to sort, magneticstrength 3000 Gausses obtain nickeliferous 5～10% nickel ore concentrate.
The nickel ore concentrate of C, acquisition is pressed leaching to change the nickelous sulfide in the nickel sulfide concentrate into single nickel salt through oxygen and is entered leach liquor, purification of leaching liquor removal of impurities, nickel cobalt separate, heavy nickel, cobalt reclaims with the form of rose vitriol, and nickel adopts the sulfate system electrowinning with insoluble anode to get 1# electricity nickel product.
D, described oxygen press the leaching main technical details to be: the liquid-solid ratio of sizing mixing is 3～6: 1, initial acidity 80～90g/l, 85～90 ℃ of the temperature of sizing mixing; Oxygen is pressed 145～180 ℃ of extraction temperatures, iron percent hydrolysis 〉=85% (major part is an iron oxide red); Still is pressed 0.8～2.0MPa, and mixing speed is 100～300r/min, oxygenerator oxygen supply pressure 0.85～2.10MPa, oxygen purity 〉=90%; Leached mud is nickeliferous≤and 0.8%, nickel leaching yield 〉=97%.
Embodiment 3: the chemical ingredients of ferruginous laterite nickel oxide ore raw material: Ni1.11～1.25%, Mg8.04～10.12%, Fe18.51～25.99%, Co0.061～0.081%, Al3.21～4.88%, Si2.01～15.96%.
A, employing Vertical Mill are crushed to the raw ore (containing water of constitution is 15～20%) that (after the pre-treatment) contains surface water＜5% below the 0.5mm, add the multistage cyclone device successively and carry out drying and calcining and reduction, spray into the reduction coal dust that accounts for raw ore weight ratio 5% simultaneously and carry out reducing roasting, 700 ± 50 ℃ of drying and calcining section temperature, the reduction section temperature is controlled at 950 ± 50 ℃, recovery time 0.5～1h.
B, reduction material are through Water Quenching, and it is levigate to send into wet-type ball mill, and ore milling concentration is controlled at 50～60%, and grinding particle size reaches 200～320 orders.Adopt magnetic separator to sort, magneticstrength 3000 Gausses obtain nickeliferous 5～10% nickel ore concentrate.
C, the nickel ore concentrate that obtained by the weight of material ratio 8% with addition of going into the nut coke that granularity is 10～30mm, carry out melting with the DC-ore-heating furnace of 6300～12500KVA.1350～1550 ℃ of smelting temperatures, the ferronickel of output nickeliferous 10～20%, nickel metal direct yield 〉=93%, the ferrous metal rate of recovery 〉=91%.
Claims (6)
1. the integrated approach of the enriching nickel of a laterite nickel oxide ore, its characterization method step is: adopt Vertical Mill that the laterite nickel oxide ore is crushed to 100～320 orders, send into the multistage cyclone device and carry out drying and calcining and reduction successively, simultaneously in the mode of spraying into coal, coke or carbon black solid reductant spray into and carry out the prereduction roasting, the coal that adds, coke or carbon black solid reductant account for 1～13wt% of laterite nickel oxide ore weight, the Vertical Mill dried material is returned in the flue gas recirculation that the prereduction roasting is discharged, the reduction material is through Water Quenching, wet grinding, gauss magnetic field intensity with 3000～5000 is carried out magnetic separation, obtains the nickel ore concentrate of grade 5～15wt%.
2. the integrated approach of the enriching nickel of laterite nickel oxide ore according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: laterite nickel oxide ore total moisture is 30～35wt%, drying and calcining section temperature in the multistage cyclone device is 700～850 ℃, the reduction section temperature is controlled at 900～1100 ℃, the recovery time: 0.5～1h.
3. the integrated approach of the enriching nickel of laterite nickel oxide ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the concentration of wet grinding is controlled at 50～60wt%, and grinding particle size reaches 100～320 orders.
4. according to the integrated approach of the enriching nickel of claim 2 or 3 described laterite nickel oxide ores, it is characterized in that the nickel ore concentrate that is obtained can adopt following two methods further to handle: (1) nickel ore concentrate is with the high-grade ferronickel of the nickeliferous 6～25wt% of DC-ore-heating furnace melting output; (2) the nickel ore concentrate mode that adopts oxygen to press to leach will nickelous sulfide wherein changes single nickel salt into and enters leach liquor, and purification of leaching liquor removal of impurities, nickel cobalt separate, heavy nickel, and cobalt reclaims with the form of rose vitriol, and nickel adopts the sulfate system electrowinning with insoluble anode to get 1# electricity nickel product.
5. the integrated approach of the enriching nickel of laterite nickel oxide ore according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: single electrode DC-ore-heating furnace is adopted in the DC-ore-heating furnace melting, the hearth electrode of electric furnace is the conduction bottom electrode of air-cooled vane-type, adding granularity during melting is the nut coke furnace charge of 10～30mm, and account for 3～13% of material gross weight, adopt the fusion process of continuously feeding, 1350～1600 ℃ of smelting temperatures.
6. the integrated approach of the enriching nickel of laterite nickel oxide ore according to claim 4 is characterized in that: oxygen presses the main technical details that leaches employing to be: the solid mass ratio of adjusting slurry is 3～6: 1, initial acidity 80～100g/L, 80～90 ℃ of the temperature of sizing mixing; Oxygen is pressed 145～180 ℃ of extraction temperatures, iron percent hydrolysis 〉=85%; Still is pressed 0.8～2.0MPa, and mixing speed is 100～300r/min, oxygenerator oxygen supply pressure 0.85～2.10MPa, oxygen purity 〉=90%.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102492859A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-13 | 云锡元江镍业有限责任公司 | Material charging method for laterite electric furnace smelting |
| CN102492843A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-13 | 云锡元江镍业有限责任公司 | Production method through combined treatment of laterite by direct current electric furnace |
| CN102600981A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2012-07-25 | 昆明理工大学 | Flotation classification method of low-grade composite nickel oxide ores |
| CN102703730A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-03 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method for smelting nickel matte by using lateritic nickel ore |
| CN102851490A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2013-01-02 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for preparing high-quality calcine by fluidized reduction roasting of nickel oxide ore |
| CN104152724A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-19 | 中南大学 | Method for enriching chromium from laterite ore |
| CN105143477A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2015-12-09 | 住友金属矿山株式会社 | Method for wet-smelting of nickel oxide ore |
| CN105214781A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-01-06 | 江苏融达新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of production method of vertical mill grinding ferronickel ground-slag |
| CN105925818A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-09-07 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | Method and system for processing high-iron laterite nickel ore |
| CN106702163A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-24 | 宝钢德盛不锈钢有限公司 | Method for recovering harmless ferronickel alloys from stainless steel sludge |
| CN106755963A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 宝钢德盛不锈钢有限公司 | A kind of method of dilval in high efficiente callback stainless steel sludge |
| CN108993770A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-14 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of ore-dressing technique of fine grain teeth cloth silicate-type iron oxide ore |
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| CN101323904A (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2008-12-17 | 红河恒昊矿业股份有限公司 | Method for enriching nickel iron ore concentrate from laterite type nickel ore by means of rotary kiln |
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| CN102492843A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-13 | 云锡元江镍业有限责任公司 | Production method through combined treatment of laterite by direct current electric furnace |
| CN102492859A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-13 | 云锡元江镍业有限责任公司 | Material charging method for laterite electric furnace smelting |
| CN102600981A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2012-07-25 | 昆明理工大学 | Flotation classification method of low-grade composite nickel oxide ores |
| CN102703730A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-03 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method for smelting nickel matte by using lateritic nickel ore |
| CN102851490A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2013-01-02 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for preparing high-quality calcine by fluidized reduction roasting of nickel oxide ore |
| CN102851490B (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-04-16 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for preparing high-quality calcine by fluidized reduction roasting of nickel oxide ore |
| CN105143477B (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2017-10-03 | 住友金属矿山株式会社 | The wet type smelting process of nickel oxide ores |
| CN105143477A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2015-12-09 | 住友金属矿山株式会社 | Method for wet-smelting of nickel oxide ore |
| CN104152724A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-19 | 中南大学 | Method for enriching chromium from laterite ore |
| CN104152724B (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-09-07 | 中南大学 | A kind of method being enriched with chromium from laterite |
| CN105214781A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-01-06 | 江苏融达新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of production method of vertical mill grinding ferronickel ground-slag |
| CN105925818A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-09-07 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | Method and system for processing high-iron laterite nickel ore |
| CN106702163A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-24 | 宝钢德盛不锈钢有限公司 | Method for recovering harmless ferronickel alloys from stainless steel sludge |
| CN106755963A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 宝钢德盛不锈钢有限公司 | A kind of method of dilval in high efficiente callback stainless steel sludge |
| CN106755963B (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2019-09-17 | 宝钢德盛不锈钢有限公司 | A kind of method of dilval in high efficiente callback stainless steel sludge |
| CN106702163B (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2019-09-17 | 宝钢德盛不锈钢有限公司 | A method of recycling innoxious dilval from stainless steel sludge |
| CN108993770A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-14 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of ore-dressing technique of fine grain teeth cloth silicate-type iron oxide ore |
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Application publication date: 20110420 |