A kind of nickel sulfide material is produced the method for Bessemer matte
One, affiliated technical field: Non-ferrous Metallurgy field.
Two, background technology:
Known, the smelting process of cu-ni sulphide ore flotation concentrate still mainly is a pyrogenic process matte smelting concentration method.According to the different components of cupric sulfide nickel ore concentrate, usually need to carry out matte smelting at high temperature more than 1350 ℃ then and obtain low sulfonium through fusing in advance or sintering removes a part of sulphur and improves the physicochemical property of furnace charge, can claim low nickel matte, copper nickel matte.Roasting apparatus has widely different rotary kiln, calcining kiln, shaft furnace, multiple hearth furnace and boiling calcining kiln; Melting equipment mostly is blast furnace, reverberatory furnace and electric furnace.In recent years, modern large-scale copper, metallurgy of nickel enterprise have introduced the novel appts of intensified smelting processes such as flash smelting furnace and Ai Sa smelting furnace again.For example Chinese Jinchuan company adopts fluidized bed roasting---and it is Ni 5.7% that electric furnace and flash stove melting technology are handled grade, and Cu 2.2%, the vulcanised ore concentrate of S 22%, obtaining average composition is Ni 16.2%, and Cu 8.17%, and Co 0.485%, Fe 44.01%, the low nickel matte of S 24.08%.It is that 7.34% and 4.35% the rich lump ore of sulfuration ambrose alloy obtains copper nickel matte that the flat nickel minerals of China's Xinjiang Ka Latongke copper nickel and Chinese yunnan gold is then all directly handled Ni+Cu+Co respectively with blast furnace.
Usually in converter, blow through the low sulfonium of melting output and to become to hang down the high nickel matte of iron.Blowing is that copper, nickel smeltery are used to handle low sulfonium, to remove the effective and the most most economical method of wherein a large amount of iron and unnecessary sulphur.Northern in the world nickel company, Canadian Thompson nickel smeltery, hawk are rectified large-scale metallurgy of nickel enterprise such as nickel company, International nickel Co. Ltd. Inco. Ltd. and all adopt the blowing technology to produce Bessemer matte bar none.But because converting process is the intermittent type operation, and need feed in raw material and deslagging, can cause the furnace gas Working environment that bleeds midway, make flue gas collect difficultyization, but also do not find a kind of better alternative method in copper, the nickel metallurgy industry so far with complicated.
Cupric sulfide nickel ore concentrate matte smelting---Bessemer matte of blowing output or title copper Bessemer matte adopt traditional fine grinding---floatation process sorting.The Bessemer matte of for example Chinese Jinchuan company obtains nickel sulfide concentrate, copper sulfide concentrate and cupronickel with the floating art breading of mill, and refining is nickel, copper and precious metal product respectively again.The copper Bessemer matte also can directly be handled with wet processing.For example the high sulfonium of South Africa Lai Pala company adopts two sections pressure leaching process to leach nickel and copper respectively.And obtaining grade up to 20% concentration of precious metal thing, the copper Bessemer matte of smeltery, Fukang, Chinese Xinjiang is handled and is obtained cobalt sulfate solution and contain the precious metal copper ashes with 1 section normal pressure, 1 section pressing technology.
The hydrometallurgical technology of cupric sulfide nickel ore concentrate also has application, mainly is pressure ammonia leaching.This method technology is simpler, and environmental pollution is less, and nickel, cobalt, copper recovery can reach 90%~95%, 50%~75%, 88%~92% respectively, can also reclaim most of sulfonium, selects polymetallic ore more effective to handling difficulty, but can not reclaim the precious metal of association.The Sa Sikeqiewen refinery of Canada Buddhist relics extra-high-speed Er Deng mining company and Australian Ke Wenna factory adopt pressure ammonia leaching art breading nickel sulfide concentrate, and industrial scale is respectively produces nickel minerals (or nickel block) 24900 tons and 30000 tons per year.
The methods such as molysite leaching, chlorination leaching, carbonic acid gas leaching, anode dissolution of having studied are both at home and abroad handled nickel sulfide concentrate, but still be in the experimental study stage, just propose new ideas such as plasma metallurgy, microwave metallurgical as far back as 60~eighties of 20th century, but do not seen the report of direct processing nickel sulfide concentrate application data so far.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the method that a kind of nickelous sulfide thing section produces Bessemer matte, nickel sulfide material is aided with flux after oxidizing roasting, fusing assistant and reductive agent press down the iron melting, Bessemer matte and slag, slag is gone again must nickel matte and dilution slag after the dilution melting.The present invention saves the energy, protection environment and associated metal comprehensive utilization to improving and simplifying the nickel smelting technology, produces positive effect.
Technology contents of the present invention
1, raw material, auxiliary material and ratio of components thereof
Main raw material is a nickel sulfide material, comprises in nickel sulfide concentrate, nickelous sulfide slag, the high ferro nickelous sulfide one or more, and the nickel matte of output can return batching usefulness after the dilution melting of the present invention.The main raw material Chemical Composition is Ni 18-24%, Co 0.44-0.80%, Cu 0.03-1.40%, Fe4.04-24.4%, S 18.0-27.5%.
Auxiliary material comprises flux blast furnace water quenching slag, quartz sand, fusing assistant calcined lime, fluorite ore deposit, charcoal reductive agent and nickel trapping agent Gypsum Mine.
Table 1 is for pressing down the ratio of components of main raw material and calcining and nickel matte in the iron melting
Press down iron melting proportioning raw materials | Main raw material | Calcining and nickel matte quality are the mass percent % of main raw material |
Calcining | The nickel matte of dilution melting output |
(%) | 100 | 75~250 | 0~15 |
Table 2 is for pressing down the ratio of components of main raw material and auxiliary material in the iron melting
Press down iron melting proportion scheme | Main raw material | The auxiliary material quality is the mass percent % of main raw material |
Blast furnace water quenching slag | Quartz sand | Calcined lime | The fluorite ore deposit | The charcoal reductive agent |
Scheme 1 (%) | 100 | 40~80 | 8~20 | - | 2~4 | 1~3 |
Scheme 2 (%) | 100 | - | 30~50 | 15~30 | 2~4 | 1~3 |
Table 3 is for pressing down the ratio of components of iron smelting slag and auxiliary material in the dilution melting
Dilution melting proportion scheme | Suppress smelting slag | The auxiliary material mass ratio is for pressing down the mass percent % of iron molten iron slag |
Gypsum Mine | Quartz sand | The fluorite ore deposit |
(%) | 100 | 10~20 | 10~20 | 2~4 |
2, invention is finished by following processing step:
1), the main raw material drying dewaters and accounts for the 10%-20% of main raw material amount to water content, is crushed to below the 1mm again;
2), broken good material carries out oxidizing roasting under the temperature respectively at middle temperature 660-700 ℃ or high temperature 850-950 ℃ in oxidizing atmosphere.As oxygenant, the air capacity that control feeds is the 3300-3700L/kg material with air, roasting time 2-4 hour, respectively the sulphur in the material is taken off to≤10% and≤5%, and makes in the material 90% iron sulphide be oxidized into Fe
2O
3, obtain calcining.
When industrial scale is 1000TNi/ when following, indirect heating or roasting are adopted in warm 660-700 ℃ roasting in the employing, can avoid material to be polluted by coal, and can keep SO higher in the baking flue gas
2Concentration is convenient to utilize or administer; When industrial scale be 〉=during 1000TNi/, adopt 850-950 ℃ of self-heating fluidized bed roasting of high temperature---SO
2Flue gas acid preparing technology is handled, with the utilization ratio that cuts down the consumption of energy, improve the association element sulphur with improve protection to ecotope.
3), the nickel matte of the calcining of unfired nickelous sulfide main raw material and nickel raw material of the same race and dilution melting output is pressed table 1 batching, and allocate flux, fusing assistant and reductive agent into by arbitrary scheme in table 2 scheme 1 or the scheme 2, pack into after being mixed and be warming up to 1300 ℃ of-1450 ℃ of temperature in the smelting furnace and press down the iron melting, keep thermotonus 30-60min, obtain the Bessemer matte product, the iron rule of 83.0%-93.0% is suppressed and enters slag in the main raw material.
4), with Bessemer matte with after slag separates, the slag of molten state is made the nickel trapping agent with Gypsum Mine and is carried out the dilution melting.Batching is undertaken by table 3, and temperature 1350-1450 ℃, time 30-60min obtains nickel matte and dilution slag.
Press down the Bessemer matte grade Ni 65.00%-74.00% of iron melting output, contain Fe 4.0%-6.0%, Ni/Fe=11-19 can directly carry out electronickel refining as founding sulfonium nickel anode; It is refining also can to carry out sulfuric acid leaching---solution purification---nickel electrodeposition rectification systems after shrend, fine grinding.The nickel matte nickel grade 44.0%-55.0% that the dilution melting obtains contains Fe 17.0%-31.0%, can return to press down iron melting batching and handle, and the dilution slag contains Ni 0.43%-0.53%, stacks or is sent to the cement mill and produces cement as waste.In nickel loss in the dilution slag, from the main raw material nickel sulfide material to Bessemer matte, nickel smelting recovery 97.14%-98.65%.
The present invention compares the advantage and the positively effect of existence with known technology
1), the present invention fully need not known nickel smelting technology in, low nickel matte or copper nickel matte blowing deironing, copper, floating two processing steps of sorting copper and mickel of Bessemer matte mill, but directly obtain the Bessemer matte product by pressing down the iron melting, flow process is brief, metal direct yield height, tooling cost is low, is easy to industrial applications.
2), the present invention adopt in temperature or high temperature oxidation roasting main raw material is carried out pre-treatment, respectively with the sulphur in the material by take off more than 20% to≤10% or≤5%, and make the iron sulphide in the material be oxidized to Fe more than 90%
2O
3Thereby, make the present invention have the adaptability of broad to raw material.Can not only handle low iron material, and can handle that to contain Ni about 20%, contain the high ferro nickelous sulfide raw material of Fe 〉=24%.
3), the present invention flux and the fusing assistant that adopt not cupric, iron or only contain trace copper, iron press down the iron melting, can guarantee to obtain the high quality Bessemer matte, in the time of can alleviating follow-up refining, nickel solution purifies the burden of copper removal.Make flux with Steel Plant's blast furnace water quenching slag and also have easy fusing, obtain conveniently lower-price characteristic.
4), the present invention adopts Gypsum Mine do to press down the nickel trapping agent of iron smelting slag dilution melting, cupric, iron are not better than using nickel sulfide concentrate or sulfurous iron ore because of it equally.
Four, description of drawings: Fig. 1 is technical process of the present invention:
Five, embodiment
Embodiment 1: main raw material nickelous sulfide filter residue material composition is: Ni 22.10%, and Co 0.44%, Fe7.86%, and S 24.32%, and Cu 0.03%, water content 53.05%.
(1) with main raw material nickelous sulfide filter residue material dehydration to 10.2 quality %, be crushed to-the pulverizing material of 1mm;
(2) take by weighing pulverizing material 5000g, wherein 3000g sends out the ware charge with magnetic, in chamber type electric resistance furnace, in 685 ℃ of temperature, carry out oxidizing roasting with air oxidant, air consumption infeeds in the stove by the metering of 3650L/kg material, take off material 1 time every 15min in the roasting process, roasting time 3h.The heavy 1828.5g of output calcining contains S 6.43%, calcining productive rate 60.95%, desulfurization degree 83.88%.
(3) getting main raw material nickelous sulfide filter residue material and calcining is 100: 91.425 by table 1 batching, and the powder 2000g of not roasting is mixed with calcining 1828.5g; And according to aforementioned table 2 scheme 1: by main raw material: blast furnace water quenching slag: quartz sand: fluorite ore deposit: the mass percent of reductive agent wood charcoal powder is 100: 50: 8: 2.4: 2 ratio of components, add blast furnace water quenching slag 2500g, quartz sand 400g, fluorite 120g, wood charcoal powder 100g; After the charging of 40# clay-graphite crucible, in smelting furnace, be warming up to 1350 ℃ of-1400 ℃ of temperature and press down the iron melting, keep thermotonus 40min, take out crucible and make the melt condensation, obtain Bessemer matte 1365g, composition is Ni 73.65%, Co 1.15%, and Cu 0.15%, and Fe 3.88%, S 18.95%, Ni/Fe=18.98; Smelting slag 3300g contains Ni 4.82%.
(4) press table 3 batching, press down the iron smelting slag: nickel trapping agent Gypsum Mine: quartz sand: the mass ratio in fluorite ore deposit is 100: 18.18: 18.18: 3.64, with smelting slag 3300g and Gypsum Mine 600g, quartz sand 600g, fluorite ore deposit 120g returns in the 40# clay-graphite crucible after mixing, in 1350 ℃-1400 ℃ temperature dilution melting 40min, obtain dilution nickel matte 257g and dilution slag 4100g.Nickel matte grade (%): Ni 54.50, and Fe 17.06; The dilution slag contains Ni 0.48%, and Co 0.15%.By nickel loss in the dilution slag, the nickel smelting recovery is 98.22%.
Embodiment 2: main raw material and embodiment 1 main raw material are to pulverize material with a kind of nickelous sulfide filter residue, and its composition, moisture, granularity are all identical.
(1) take by weighing the nickelous sulfide filter residue and pulverize material 5000g, 3000g wherein, in 900 ℃ of temperature oxidizing roasting 2.5h, air capacity is supplied with the metering of 3370L/kg material.The heavy 1514g of output calcining contains S 2.46%, calcining productive rate 50.47%, desulfurization degree 94.84%.
(2) get main raw material nickelous sulfide filter residue material: calcining: the dilution nickel matte is 100: 75.7: 12.85, the powder 2000g of not roasting is mixed with the dilution nickel matte 257g of blast furnace calcining 1514g and embodiment 1 output, and according to aforementioned table 3 proportion scheme 2 by main raw material: quartz sand: calcined lime: fluorite ore deposit: the reductive agent coke powder is 100: 40: 22: 3: 2 ratio of components, add quartz sand 2000g, calcined lime 1100g, fluorite sand 150g, coke powder 100g; After the charging of 40# clay-graphite crucible, in smelting furnace, press down iron melting 50min in 1350 ℃ of-1400 ℃ of temperature, obtain Bessemer matte 1644g, composition is Ni 74.84%, and Co 1.25%, and Fe 4.33%, and S 18.95%, Ni/Fe=17.28; Smelting slag 3280g contains Ni2.64%.
(3) by pressing down the iron smelting slag: nickel trapping agent Gypsum Mine: quartz sand: the fluorite ore deposit is 100: 18.29: 18.29: 3.66, to press down iron smelting slag 3280g and Gypsum Mine 600g, quartz sand 600g, fluorite ore deposit 120g returns the 40# clay-graphite crucible after mixing, in 1350 ℃-1400 ℃ temperature dilution melting 40min, obtain nickel matte 147g and dilution slag 4050g.Nickel matte grade: Ni 49.84%, Fe 23.24%, dilution slag nickeliferous 0.53%; The ratio that accounts for the nickel matte 257g institute nickel metal amount sum of the main raw material 5000g of adding and embodiment 1 with nickel loss amount in the dilution slag is calculated, and the nickel smelting recovery is 98.28%.
Embodiment 3: main raw material fine-grannular high ferro cupric nickelous sulfide material 5000g, and its composition is: Ni 22.71%, and Co 0.609%, and Cu 1.39%, and Fe 24.33%, and S 20.31%.
(1) get main raw material 3750g, use and the identical method of embodiment 1 step (2), in 700 ℃ of temperature oxidizing roasting 3h, air capacity is pressed the metering of 3510L/kg material and is supplied with.The heavy 3012g of output calcining contains S 6.75%, calcining productive rate 80.32%, desulfurization degree 73.30%.
(2) it is 100: 241 by main raw material and calcining mass ratio, unfired test portion 1250g is mixed with calcining 3012g, with table 2 scheme 1 batching, by main raw material: blast furnace water quenching slag: quartz sand: fluorite ore deposit: wood charcoal powder is 100: 60: 20: 3: 1 ratio of components, add blast furnace water quenching slag 3000g, quartz sand 1000g, fluorite ore deposit 150g, wood charcoal powder 50g, with the charging of 40# clay-graphite crucible, in smelting furnace, press down iron melting 60min in 1350 ℃ of-1400 ℃ of temperature, obtain Bessemer matte 1415g, composition is: Ni 66.75%, Co 0.89%, and Cu 4.82%, and Fe 6.06%, S 16.98%, Ni/Fe=11.01; Press down iron smelting slag 6120g, contain Ni3.21%.
(3) by pressing down the iron smelting slag: Gypsum Mine: quartz sand: the mass ratio in fluorite ore deposit is 100: 13.07: 13.07: 2.45, to press down iron smelting slag 6120g and Gypsum Mine 800g, quartz sand 800g, fluorite ore deposit 150g returns the 40# clay-graphite crucible after mixing, in 1350 ℃-1400 ℃ temperature dilution melting 50min, obtain nickel matte 375g and dilution slag 7240g.Nickel matte grade: Ni 44.06%, Fe 30.84%; The dilution slag contains Ni 0.43%, and by nickel loss in the dilution slag, the nickel smelting recovery is 97.26%.