CN102029900B - 车辆动力传动系统 - Google Patents

车辆动力传动系统 Download PDF

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CN102029900B
CN102029900B CN201010288940.7A CN201010288940A CN102029900B CN 102029900 B CN102029900 B CN 102029900B CN 201010288940 A CN201010288940 A CN 201010288940A CN 102029900 B CN102029900 B CN 102029900B
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drive system
power
power drive
gear
clutch
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CN102029900A (zh
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蒂莫西·詹姆斯·鲍曼
多纳图斯·安德里亚斯·约瑟芬·吉斯
罗伯特·科林·海勒-洛伦岑
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

一种车辆变速器驱动轴（4）、（8），其驱动电机（11）并且可以由电机（11）通过行星齿轮组（12）驱动。电机的转子（10）连接太阳齿轮（13）并且行星齿轮架（14）连接变速器驱动轴（4、8）。环形齿轮（15）通过环形齿轮离合器（16）锁定到外壳（5），以提供驱动轴（4）、（8）和转子（10）之间的可驱动连接。在换挡过程中，通过分离环形齿轮离合器（16），阻止转子（10）的转动惯量反映到驱动轴（4、8）中。

Description

车辆动力传动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及适于在混合动力车辆中使用的动力传动系统（drivetrains）。
背景技术
（美国）汽车工程师协会技术论文（SAE technical paper）2004 – 01-0069描述了包含自动变速器的混合动力车辆，其变矩器已经被移除并在其位置安装了电机和发动机分离离合器。电机可以执行启动器、发电机和牵引电机功能，并且连接至变速器的输入轴。
当这样的电机由变速器输入轴直接驱动（或者反之）时，遇到的一个问题是，当前为了满足包装要求而足够小的电机在车辆变速器输入轴正常运行的转速下不能非常有效地运转。典型地，电机和输入轴速度（例如，对于与手动变速器的输入轴连接的机器）之间3:1的比率是合乎需要的。然而，在这些设置中，在换挡过程中，电机的转动惯量反映到输入轴中。该增加的惯量可以是非常显著的，并且可以对用于使变速器的输入和输出轴啮合的同步配合具有不利的影响。
将电机连接到变速器的输出轴存在另一个问题。在该情况下，电机经受大范围的转动速度和扭矩。
存在以下的可能性：在高车速情况下电机超速，在低车速情况下不将该电机驱动得足够快以有效地运行。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种用于机动车辆的动力传动系统，其包含可驱动地连接发动机的变速器、在变速器的驱动轴和电机之间提供可驱动连接的行星齿轮组，其中，动力传动系统进一步包含在变速器换挡过程中选择性地分离驱动轴和电机之间的驱动的离合器。
行星齿轮组可以包括环形齿轮，并且离合器可以是在环形齿轮和固定结构之间插入的环形齿轮离合器，从而选择性地阻止或允许环形齿轮相对于固定结构转动。
固定结构可以是变速器的外壳，在该外壳中安装有行星齿轮组，或者固定结构可以是用于行星齿轮组的单独的外壳。
离合器可以是电动液压离合器。
动力传动系统可以进一步包含用于控制离合器的接合和分离的电子控制装置。
电子控制装置设置成在换挡过程中打开离合器。
电子控制装置可以设置成在一定的运行条件下允许离合器打滑。
动力传动系统可以进一步包含发动机和变速器之间的主驱动离合器。
主驱动离合器可以设置为连接变速器的输入轴和发动机。
主驱动离合器可以是电动液压驱动的离合器。
动力传动系统可以进一步包含用于控制主驱动离合器的接合和分离的电子控制装置。
动力传动系统可以进一步包含在发动机和变速器之间的主驱动离合器，并且电子控制装置控制主驱动离合器和离合器的运行。
变速器可以是自动变速器并且变速器中挡位的选择可以通过电子控制装置控制。
驱动轴可以是变速器的输入轴。
电机的转子可以连接行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮，行星齿轮组的行星齿轮架可以连接变速器的输入轴并且行星变速器的环形齿轮可以通过离合器可解离地可连接固定结构。
行星齿轮架可以连接变速器输入轴与发动机可驱动地连接的那一端的相对端。
作为选择地，驱动轴可以是变速器的输出轴。
为了允许驱动轴和电机之间的传动比发生变化，可以提供辅助离合器用于将行星齿轮组的两个组件锁定在一起或者彼此解离。
辅助离合器可以是电动液压离合器。
离合器和辅助离合器可以包含在一个外壳中。
根据动力传动系统的运行模式，电机的转子可以连接行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮，行星变速器的行星齿轮架可以连接变速器的输出轴，环形齿轮可以通过离合器可解离地可连接固定结构，并且辅助离合器可以设置成将环形齿轮和行星架齿轮可选择地锁定在一起或者相互解离。
动力传动系统可以进一步包含用于操作辅助离合器的电子控制装置。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供一种具有根据所述本发明的第一方面构建的动力传动系统的车辆。
电子控制装置可以设置为在换挡过程中打开离合器。其还可以设置为例如当包含动力传动系统的车辆起步时，允许离合器打滑。
行星齿轮架可以直接连接车辆变速器的驱动轴，或者可以通过辅助驱动机构（例如通过杆齿轮系（spar gear train）或者链或带驱动）驱动所述轴。
电机可以是电动发电机，其被变速器驱动时产生电流，或者当从远程源得到电流时起到启动电机或牵引电机的作用。
所产生的电流可以存储在电池中或者可以用于为一些其它装置（例如可以包含能量存储和回收系统的一部分）提供动力。
附图说明
以下仅通过举例的方式结合附图说明本发明的一些实施例。
图1是包含根据本发明的第一实施例的动力传动系统的车辆的示意框图。
图2是包含根据本发明的第二实施例的动力传动系统的车辆的示意框图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，车辆1具有内燃机2以及第一和第二对车轮3A、3B。在本例中，发动机设置为仅驱动一对车轮3A。
发动机2通过主驱动离合器6连接变速器5的输入轴4的一端。在该具体的例子中，变速器5是例如SAE技术论文2004-01-3363中所描述的自动换挡手动变速器的类型，并且主驱动离合器6是电动液压离合器。变速器5和主驱动离合器6都由例如电子控制模块7这样的电子控制装置控制。
输入轴4通过齿轮组（图中未示出）连接变速器5的输出轴8。
主减速器单元9连接在输出轴8和第一组车轮3A之间。
输入轴4的与发动机2相对的一端通过行星齿轮组12连接电机11的转子10。行星齿轮组12包含在变速器5的外壳内并且电机11位于壳体的外部。
行星齿轮组12的太阳齿轮13连接转子10。
行星齿轮组12的行星齿轮架14连接输入轴4并且环形齿轮（annulus gear）15通过环形齿轮离合器16选择性地与固定的不转动支架连接和分离，该固定的不转动支架在这种情况下是变速器5的外壳。应当理解的是，当环形齿轮离合器16接合时，其起作用，以制动环形齿轮15，因此阻止其转动，并且当环形齿轮离合器16分离时，环形齿轮15自由地转动。
选择包含行星齿轮组12的齿轮上齿的数量，以便实现1:3的传动比，即，转子10以输入轴4的速率的三倍旋转。
电子控制模块7还控制环形齿轮离合器16。电池17连接电机11。电机11可以执行启动器、发电机或牵引电机的功能。通过电子控制模块7选择这些功能。
现在将说明第一实施例的一些运行模式。
在第一模式中，发动机2运行，主驱动离合器6接合且环形齿轮离合器16也接合，以便环形齿轮15固定。太阳齿轮13和行星齿轮架14转动（由于输入轴4的转动，输入轴4由发动机2驱动）。因此电机11的转子10以输入轴4的速度的三倍的速度转动。在该模式中，电机11起发电机的作用，因此对电池17充电。
根据本发明，在换挡过程中，电子控制模块7即刻分离环形齿轮离合器16，以便环形齿轮15从变速器5的外壳分离。所以，行星齿轮组组件都自由地转动，因此转子10不再坚固联接输入轴4。因此，转子10的转动惯量不会反映到变速器5中。有利地，变速器5的同步配合组件上的磨损大幅降低。一俟选择了新的挡位，环形齿轮离合器16重新接合并且输入轴4可以恢复将驱动传给转子10。
此外，且可选择地，在换挡过程中，为了进一步降低通过输入轴4 从电机11传递到同步配合组件的扭矩，尽管环形齿轮离合器16分离，也通过电子控制模块7电分离或者关闭电机11。
因为电机11在低转动速度时效率未必特别高。为了克服该问题，电子控制模块7控制环形齿轮离合器16，以便当车辆1起步时后者打滑。这样的打滑允许太阳齿轮13相对于行星架齿轮14和环形齿轮15转动。转子10因此仅部分地联接，并且因此可以以高于原本允许的3:1传动比的速度转动。
在另一运行模式中，电机11用于启动发动机2。电子控制模块7选择变速器5中的空挡位置，接合离合器6、16并且选择电机11的启动器运行模式。
由于电机11从电池17中汲取电流，转子开始转动，通过行星齿轮组12和输入轴4将驱动传给发动机。一俟发动机2发动，电子控制模块7指示电机11停止从电池汲取电流并且分离离合器6。
在另一运行模式中，电机11用于驱动车辆1。电子控制模块7在该情况下选择电机11的牵引电机运行模式。在从电池17汲取电流以及环形齿轮离合器16接合的情况下，一俟选择了变速器5中的挡位，转子10驱动输入轴4并且最终驱动车辆的轮3A。电机11可以对车辆提供唯一的动力源或者可以用于从发动机2中补充能量。
参照图2，第二实施例的动力传动系统不同于第一实施例，即行星齿轮架14连接变速器5的输出轴8而不是连接输入轴4。图1和2共有的特征共用相同的附图标记。
此外，辅助离合器18用于环形齿轮15以及行星架14之间彼此的连接和分离。辅助离合器18受电子控制模块7的控制。
电机11可以在输出轴旋转的任何时刻作为发电机运行。相反地，当电子控制模块7指示电机11从电池17中汲取电流时，电机11起牵引电机的作用并且通过输出轴8和主减速器9驱动车辆1。
在电子控制模块7的控制下，当离合器16接合并且辅助离合器18分离（以便行星齿轮架可以相对于固定的环形齿轮转动）时，转子10以输出轴8的速率的三倍转动。
当离合器16分离并且辅助离合器18接合（以便行星齿轮架和环形齿轮一起转动）时，在转子10和输出轴8之间设定1:1的传动比。
所以，两个离合器16和18的选择运行给出了转子10和输出轴8之间的两个不同传动比的选择。有利地，通过离合器16、18的适当运行，电机11的运行转速范围与输出轴8相比显著地减小。
和前述一样，环形齿轮离合器16用于从转动状态选择地固定或者解离环形齿轮15。在变速器5的换挡过程中，中断输出轴8和转子10之间的驱动以使电机11对变速器5的同步配合齿轮的影响降至最低。
在另一实施例（图中未示出）中，行星齿轮组12位于变速器外壳之外，位于形成固定支架的单独的外壳中。在该情况下，环形齿轮离合器16使环形齿轮15与该单独的外壳连接和分离，而不是与变速器外壳连接和分离。
尽管行星齿轮架在所描述的实施例中直接连接车辆变速器的驱动轴，但应该理解的是其也可以通过辅助驱动机构（例如通过杆齿轮系（spar gear train）或者链或带驱动）驱动所述轴。
尽管本发明已经参照一个或多个实施例举例说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解本发明并不局限于所公开的实施例，在不背离由权利要求所确定的本发明的保护范围的条件下，可以构建公开的实施例的一个或多个变型或替换实施例。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于机动车辆的动力传动系统，包含可驱动地连接发动机的变速器、在变速器的驱动轴和电机之间提供可驱动连接的行星齿轮组，其特征在于，动力传动系统进一步包含在变速器换挡过程中选择性地分离驱动轴和电机之间的驱动的离合器；以及
用于将行星齿轮变速器的两个组件锁定在一起并彼此解离的辅助离合器，
所述行星齿轮组包括环形齿轮，并且离合器是在环形齿轮和固定结构之间插入的环形齿轮离合器，从而选择性地阻止或允许环形齿轮相对于固定结构的转动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系统，其特征在于，动力传动系统进一步包含用于控制离合器的接合和分离的电子控制装置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力传动系统，其特征在于，动力传动系统进一步包含发动机和变速器之间的主驱动离合器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的动力传动系统，其特征在于，动力传动系统进一步包含用于控制主驱动离合器的接合和分离的电子控制装置。
5.根据权利要求2所述的动力传动系统，其特征在于，动力传动系统进一步包含在发动机和变速器之间的主驱动离合器，并且电子控制装置控制主驱动离合器和离合器的运行。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力传动系统，其特征在于，驱动轴是变速器的输入轴。
7.根据权利要求6所述的动力传动系统，其特征在于，电机的转子连接行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮，行星齿轮组的行星齿轮架连接变速器的输入轴并且行星齿轮变速器的环形齿轮通过离合器可与固定结构可解离地连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的动力传动系统，其特征在于，行星齿轮架直接连接变速器输入轴与发动机可驱动地连接的那一端的相对端。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力传动系统，其特征在于，驱动轴是变速器的输出轴。
10.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系统，其特征在于，根据动力传动系统的运行模式，电机的转子连接行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮，行星齿轮组的行星齿轮架连接变速器的输出轴并且环形齿轮可通过离合器可解离地连接固定结构，且辅助离合器设置成将环形齿轮和行星架齿轮可选择地锁定在一起或者相互解离。
11.根据权利要求1或10所述的动力传动系统，其特征在于，动力传动系统进一步包含用于操作辅助离合器的电子控制装置。
12.一种具有权利要求1到11中任一权利要求所述的动力传动系统的车辆。
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