CN102028113A - 生产一种功能性牛肉的肉牛日粮配制技术 - Google Patents
生产一种功能性牛肉的肉牛日粮配制技术 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于动物营养与饲料科学领域,涉及一种肉牛生产富含番茄红素、共轭亚油酸(CLA)的功能性牛肉的日粮配制技术,适用于育肥期的肉牛。此日粮由玉米、番茄渣、豆粕、棉粕、麸皮、葵粕、玉米秸等原料组成。由于日粮中加入富含番茄红素和亚油酸的番茄渣,不仅使育肥期的肉牛生产的牛肉含番茄红素和共轭亚油酸(CLA),同时提高了牛肉品质,而且可促进肉牛生长,增强免疫力和抗应激能力;提高饲料利用率和降低饲料成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于动物营养与饲料科学领域,涉及生产一种功能性牛肉的日粮饲料配制技术。
背景技术
随着近年来生活水平的提高,人们对食品的功能性和人类健康日益关注。安全、绿色的功能性牛肉产品必将倍受消费者的青睐。番茄红素、共轭亚油酸均是目前人们比较关注的功能性成分之一。
番茄红素是一类类胡萝卜素,其抗氧化能力是维生素E的100多倍,是β-胡萝卜素的2倍多,它能有效清除体内的自由基,预防和修复细胞损伤,抑制DNA的氧化,从而预防癌症的发生,它还具有保护心血管、保护皮肤、延缓机体衰老等功效。人和动物自身不能合成番茄红素,只能从食物中获取。由于番茄红素具有独特的生理功能,国内外学者一直试图将番茄红素添加到食品中,但番茄红素在植物体内和有机溶剂中较稳定,但分离后易发生变化。目前主要采用的应用途径是:先从富含番茄红素的食品中,如番茄中提取较纯的番茄红素,然后将获得的较纯的番茄红素与食用乙醇或有机溶剂或脂溶性物质融合或乳化后加入到食品中,在此过程中还需对番茄红素进行预先保护,最终以功能性产品出售或以番茄红素微胶囊化产品出售。在进行番茄红素的提取和与其它食品融合形成功能性产品时无形中需要相对较高的成本投入。
共轭亚油酸(Conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)具有抗癌、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗氧化、促进生长、调节免疫等重要的生理功能,同时研究表明,通过提高日粮中亚油酸的含量,可提高反刍动物肉牛肌肉组织内源合成共轭亚油酸的能力。
随着近年我国番茄种植面积的增加、产量的提高以及番茄深加工(番茄汁、浆、粉)生产线和加工量的增加,国内每年排出番茄渣几十万吨,番茄渣的主要成份为42-45%的番茄皮和55%的番茄籽,而番茄皮中含有番茄红素,番茄籽中富含亚油酸(亚油酸是反刍动物内源合成CLA的前体物),因此,如何利用番茄渣进行肉牛饲料日粮配合,使肉牛生产出富含番茄红素和共轭亚油酸的功能性牛奶目前在国内外还是空白。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能生产富含番茄红素、CLA的功能性牛肉的肉牛日粮配制技术,以及一种应用番茄渣在肉牛生产中生产功能性牛肉的方法,此发明既解决番茄渣环境污染的问题,提高了育肥牛的生产性能和健康水平,同时保持了牛肉的营养和加强了牛肉的保 健功能,适合于所有人群。
本专利发明的内容包括:在肉牛日粮中添加了含有番茄红素、亚油酸的番茄渣,生产这种含番茄红素、CLA的功能性牛肉的日粮配制技术中,番茄渣可以是潮湿状态、风干状态以及经过青贮发酵或酵母菌等微生物(中华人民共和国农业部发布的《饲料添加剂品种目录(2003)》允许饲料中使用的微生物)处理过的番茄渣。此番茄渣至少由番茄皮和番茄籽组成,最好也含有少量的番茄果肉。如采用番茄渣的风干状态进行日粮配合,应在55℃以下避日光烘干或阴凉处自然风干。其中肉牛日粮配方由玉米20~49%、豆粕2~12%、棉粕2~9%、麸皮2~12%、葵粕2~9%、番茄渣6~20%、磷酸氢钙0.3~1.2%、石粉0.4~1.5%、复合预混料0.1~2%、小苏打0.2~0.7%组成(干物质重量百分比),粗饲料35~60%(由青贮玉米秸或玉米秸、野干草等原料组成)。肉牛日粮中的复合预混料,其特征在于:1%的复合预混料配方中含有矿物元素铜700~3400mg/kg;铁5000~45000mg/kg;锌3000~12000mg/kg;锰2000~12000mg/kg;碘30~85mg/kg;硒30mg/kg;维生素A20~95万IU/kg;维生素D3万IU/kg2.5~39;维生素E1500IU/kg等成分,其它添加比例的复合预混料中矿物元素铜、铁、锰、锌、硒、碘、钴、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E量的限定范围由1%预混料推算(计算公式=1%的添加比例范围×1%/采取的添加比例)或者采用市售的肉牛复合预混料。
本发明具有的优点和效果
1.本发明是利用废弃的资源番茄渣直接通过肉牛采食后消化利用生产含番茄红素的牛肉,其具有成本更低,操作相对简便的特点,适合于有大量番茄渣排放的新疆等地区。
2.采用本发明方式生产的牛肉,既保持了原有牛肉的营养成分,同时利用了肉牛自身组织内源能合成共轭亚油酸的特性,使采用本发明方式生产的牛肉含有两种活性成分即番茄红素和CLA,大大丰富了其保健功能,扩大了牛肉的功能性,牛肉口感好,据从文献查新看,国内外未见报道,具有技术创新性。
3.使用本配方及饲喂技术在肉牛厂进行动物试验。结果表明使用番茄渣饲料,不仅提高肉牛的适口性,对缓解夏季热应激也很有效。同时是一种直接的经济的获得功能性牛肉的方式和途径。
4.使用本配方及饲喂技术在肉牛厂进行动物试验。结果表明番茄渣的加入可取代或降低日粮中饲用抗生素或其它促生长类饲料添加剂的使用,从而减缓牛肉产品中抗生素残留。
实施例
选择24头品种一致、体重相近、健康的肉牛,采用单因子试验设计,每组12头,试验处理为对照组-I、对照组日粮+添加12%的番茄渣-II(日粮原料为玉米、豆粕、棉粕、麸皮、 葵粕、植物油、磷酸氢钙、石粉、复合预混料、小苏打、食盐、常规粗饲料(青贮玉米秸、野干草))。基础日粮参照《肉牛饲养标准》(NY/T 815-2004)配制,精粗比为50∶50。试验动物单栏饲养,自由饮水,进行为期70d的饲养试验(其中预饲期10d,正式期60d)。在正式试验期间,记录动物的采食量,每30d空腹称重1次。试验结束时,每组选8头肉牛屠宰,采集肉样主要用于测定长链脂肪酸、共扼亚油酸(CLA)、番茄红素。结果表明:与日粮中不添加番茄渣处理组相比,日粮中添加番茄渣不仅可使牛肉中富集到番茄红素,同时可提高牛肉中共扼亚油酸(CLA)的含量。
Claims (7)
1.一种生产功能性牛肉的日粮配制技术,其特征在于该日粮配合饲料原料中加入了含有番茄红素的饲料原料番茄渣。
2.根据权利要求1所述的番茄渣,包括潮湿状态、风干状态以及经过青贮发酵或酵母菌(中华人民共和国农业部发布的《饲料添加剂品种目录(2003)》允许饲料中使用的微生物)处理过的番茄渣。
3.根据权利要求1所述的番茄渣,其特征在于如果番茄渣是风干状态,应在55℃以下烘干。
4.根据权利要求1所述的番茄渣,其特征在于此番茄渣至少由番茄皮和番茄籽组成,最好也含有少量的番茄果肉。
5.根据权利要求1所述的番茄渣,其特征在于此番茄渣的添加量在肉牛日粮配合中(干物质)可占6-20%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的日粮配制技术中,其特征在于肉牛日粮配方由玉米20~49%、豆粕2~12%、棉粕2~9%、麸皮2~12%、葵粕2~9%、番茄渣6~20%、磷酸氢钙0.3~1.2%、石粉0.4~1.5%、复合预混料0.1~2%、小苏打0.2~0.7%组成(干物质重量百分比),粗饲料35~60%(由青贮玉米秸或玉米秸、野干草等原料组成)。
7.根据权利要求书6中所叙的肉牛日粮中的复合预混料,其特征在于:1%的复合预混料配方中含有矿物元素铜700~3400mg/kg;铁5000~45000mg/kg;锌3000~12000mg/kg;锰2000~12000mg/kg;碘30~85mg/kg;硒30mg/kg;维生素A20~95万IU/kg;维生素D3万IU/kg2.5~39;维生素E 1500IU/kg等成分,其它添加比例的复合预混料中矿物元素铜、铁、锰、锌、硒、碘、钴、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E量的限定范围由1%预混料推算(计算公式=1%的添加比例范围×1%/采取的添加比例)或者采用市售的肉牛复合预混料。
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