CN102016293A - 具有磁性支承件的水电涡轮机 - Google Patents

具有磁性支承件的水电涡轮机 Download PDF

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CN102016293A
CN102016293A CN200980114420XA CN200980114420A CN102016293A CN 102016293 A CN102016293 A CN 102016293A CN 200980114420X A CN200980114420X A CN 200980114420XA CN 200980114420 A CN200980114420 A CN 200980114420A CN 102016293 A CN102016293 A CN 102016293A
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magnet
stator
rotor
hydroelectric turbine
flange
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爱德华·斯普纳
保罗·顿纳
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Openhydro Group Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/06—Bearing arrangements
    • F03B11/063—Arrangements for balancing axial thrust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/06—Bearing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
    • F03B13/083—The generator rotor being mounted as turbine rotor rim
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F03B3/121—Blades, their form or construction
    • F03B3/123—Blades, their form or construction specially designed as adjustable blades, e.g. for Kaplan-type turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0408—Passive magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0423—Passive magnetic bearings with permanent magnets on both parts repelling each other
    • F16C32/0427—Passive magnetic bearings with permanent magnets on both parts repelling each other for axial load mainly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C39/00—Relieving load on bearings
    • F16C39/02—Relieving load on bearings using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C39/00—Relieving load on bearings
    • F16C39/06—Relieving load on bearings using magnetic means
    • F16C39/063—Permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/50—Bearings
    • F05B2240/51—Bearings magnetic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/50—Bearings
    • F05B2240/51—Bearings magnetic
    • F05B2240/511—Bearings magnetic with permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05B2280/5008—Magnetic properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/30—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to direction with respect to gravity
    • F16C2300/32—Horizontal, e.g. bearings for supporting a horizontal shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种中心开口的水电涡轮机，其具有环形定子和安装在定子内用于旋转的转子，该涡轮机包括磁性支承件，其适于通过具有在定子顶部和底部处偏离的相对组的转子磁体和定子磁体而提供对转子的轴向和径向支撑。

Description

具有磁性支承件的水电涡轮机
技术领域
本发明涉及水电涡轮机，且具体涉及中心开口涡轮机，其利用磁性支承件提供支撑以克服潮汐流(tidal flow)期间转子上轴向推力(thrust)，并优选地，利用磁性支承件支撑转子的至少部分重量。
背景技术
当前，且在全球范围内，存在着有关二氧化碳排放对于我们的环境造成的破坏的重大关切，特别是全球变暖所产生的威胁。二氧化碳的主要排放源之一存在于通过燃烧化石燃料而进行的大规模电力生产中。然而，电是已经成为对于人类生存必要的商品，因此人们正在花费大量资源以寻求不用化石燃料就生产大量电力的可替换措施。虽然核能是一种这样的替换方式，但大多数社会都对核电的负面效果反感，因此需要其他更理想的解决方案。
因此，可再生能源近年来进入人们视线，且围绕太阳能、风能、和潮汐发电开发了许多项目。大海中的潮汐流提供了有吸引力的可再生能量源，因为，它们是高度可预测的并因此易于被电网接收。该特征与风力发电的间歇性不同，风力发电不能充分预测以形成为用于电网管理目的的可靠发电资源，因此要求补充发电保持就绪状态。
然而，利用水力作为动力的潮汐能量确实有其自身的挑战，特别是在为了确保在苛刻水下环境中持续且有效的操作而进行的涡轮机的一般性维护方面，苛刻的水下环境会破坏或快速磨损运动部件(如支承件等)，因此负面影响涡轮机的操作。与传统轴基涡轮机相比，使用所谓的“中心开口”涡轮机可提高支承件寿命，这是由于支承件必须绕涡轮机的轮缘设置并因此直径显著较大。这样的较大直径支承件具有较轻的负载分布，结果是较慢的磨损率以及由此具有的较长的寿命。然而，这些支承件仍会受到磨损，且将最终需要维护或更换。
因此，本发明的目的是提供具有改进的支承件设计的水电涡轮机。
发明内容
因此，本发明提供了一种水电涡轮机，其包括：定子；转子，容纳在定子内用于旋转；至少一个磁性排斥支承件(bearing)，至少部分地支撑定子内的转子，其中磁性支承件包括基本以环形阵列安装至转子的转子磁体和以与转子磁体相对的排列安装至定子的定子磁体，以便在至少一个方向上绕转子的圆周产生轴向反作用力，该定子磁体在定子上至少一个位置处相对于转子磁体而径向偏离，以便产生径向反作用力。
优选地，转子磁体和定子磁体被布置成在两个相反方向上产生轴向反作用力。
优选地，定子磁体在这样的位置处相对于转子磁体偏离，所述位置在使用中处于涡轮机的顶部和底部处。
可替换地，定子磁体以环形阵列定向，使得阵列的中心位于涡轮机旋转轴线的下方。
优选地，转子磁体是绕着转子的轮缘而设置的，而定子磁体是绕着定子的轮缘而设置的。
优选地，定子磁体设置成一对基本相对的环形阵列，这对环形阵列之间限定了环形通道，且转子磁体设置在该通道中。
优选地，转子磁体设置成一对基本相对的环形阵列，这对环形阵列之间限定了环形通道，且定子磁体设置在该通道中。
优选地，涡轮机包括从转子轮缘径向向外延伸的凸缘，转子磁体安装至所述凸缘。
优选地，涡轮机包括从定子径向向内延伸的凸缘，定子磁体安装至所述凸缘。
优选地，转子磁体和定子磁体设置成多个径向相邻的同心环，同心环具有逐步径向向外的交替极性。
优选地，涡轮机包括机械支承件，该机械支承件适于为转子提供径向支撑。
优选地，转子磁体和定子磁体包括永磁体。
优选地，转子磁体包括安装于凸缘一个面的第一组磁体和安装于凸缘的相对面的第二组磁体。
优选地，定子磁体包括安装于凸缘一个面的第一组磁体和安装于凸缘的相对面的第二组磁体。
优选地，涡轮机包括中心开口涡轮机。
优选地，水电涡轮机包括机械推力支承件，该机械推力支承件被设置和/或定尺寸为仅承载超出转子相对于定子预定轴向位移量的部分。
优选地，机械推力支承件被设置和/或定尺寸为防止定子和转子磁体之间的接触。
优选地，磁性支承件被至少部分地包含在或嵌入在机械推力支承件中。
如这里所用，术语“支撑”是指：承载由于潮汐水流通过涡轮机而施加至转子的轴向或横向负载的所有或部分，且所述负载根据潮汐流方向该荷载将在两个相反方向上施加；和/或承载转子的重量或其部分重量。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明第一实施例的水电涡轮机的透视图；
图2示出了图1中所示的涡轮机的上部分的截面侧视图；
图3示出了图1和图2的涡轮机的磁性支承件形成部件的一部分的截面侧视图；
图4示出了图1和图2的涡轮机的磁性支承件的另一部分的截面侧视图；
图5示出了根据本发明第二实施例的水电涡轮机的截面侧视图；
图6示出了图5所示的涡轮机的一部分的放大视图；以及
图7示出了图1到图4，图5和图6所示的涡轮机的磁性支承件形成部件的一部分的正视图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图中图1至图4以及图7，示出了以10表示的水电涡轮机的第一实施例，其用于从流经涡轮机10的潮汐水流来发电。在所示实施例中，涡轮机10包括环形定子12，其中容纳有用于转动的转子14。涡轮机10设计成具有中心开口，因此没有用于如下用途的中心轴，即，转子14安装在该中心轴上，或者，由于潮汐流通过转子使得转子14转动的原因而可以从该中心轴提取能量。
涡轮机10因此包括轮缘基(rim based)发电机16，例如，如共同待审欧洲专利申请No.06014667.7所述，下面不再进一步详细说明。由于没有中心轴，发电机16绕转子14的外轮缘18和定子12的内轮缘20设置。无中心轴的进一步结果是要求提供轮缘基的支承件布置，以便支撑定子12内的转子14，既用于克服由于流过转子14的潮汐水流而造成的轴向负载，又为转子14提供径向支撑从而承载转子14的重量。
在本发明的涡轮机10中，磁性支承件22设置在定子12与转子14之间，以便提供无接触支承件，因此该支承件不经历磨损，因此要求较少维护或不要求维护。如下面详细说明，支承件22适于在两个轴向上产生轴向反作用力，以便在潮汐流期间在两个潮汐方向上克服转子14所经受的力而相对于定子12限制转子14。支承件22也优选适于产生径向反作用力，以至少部分地抵消转子14的重量，因而减小任何径向接触支承件上的负载，减小实现涡轮机14旋转所需要的力，并因此增加了涡轮机10的效率且减小磨损。
支承件22包括固定到定子12的定子磁体24的阵列(如下所述)和固定成随转子14旋转的转子磁体26的阵列(如下面详细说明)。
定子磁体24和转子磁体26相对于彼此排列成产生在经受潮汐流过程中所经历的轴向反作用力以及径向反作用力，该径向反作用力将支撑转子12的至少部分重量。
定子磁体24设置成一对相对阵列，其中一对支架28安装于定子12或与定子12整体形成，且定子磁体24以合适方式安装到所述支架28上。以该方式，在定子磁体24的阵列之间限定出通道30，且在使用中转子磁体26被限制成在该通道30内旋转。在所示实施例中，凸缘32安装至转子14的轮缘18或与该轮缘18整体形成，凸缘32径向向外伸到通道30中。转子磁体26设置成一对阵列，在凸缘32的任一个面上安装其中一个阵列，且因此与定子磁体24的一个阵列相对对齐。可以理解，可采用等效布置，其中，支架28安装在转子上并限定了绕安装在定子上的凸缘而旋转(rotate)的通道。
现在参考图3和7，可以看到，在所示实施例中，定子磁体24和转子磁体26设置成彼此径向相邻定位的四个同心环，且可以从下面的说明中理解的是，这些环的数目可根据需要增加或减少。可以预见，虽然在所示实施例中相邻环是彼此隔开的，但相邻环也可在径向上彼此邻接(毗邻)。定子磁体24和转子磁体26两者的同心环沿逐步径向向外的进程极性交替。定子磁体24的每个环被定位成与转子磁体26的相对环直接对齐，且这些相对磁体被选择为具有相同极性，例如北极-北极或南极-南极。因此，每组相对的定子磁体24和转子磁体26彼此排斥以便用作磁性排斥支承件。凸缘32的每个面上的转子磁体26的阵列被各自相对的定子磁体24排斥，且排斥力在相对方向上作用，以便将凸缘32保持在通道30内的中央位置，因此相对于定子12将转子14保持在位。在无潮汐流时，不产生轴向力，且转子14采用轴向位置，使得两个相对磁体阵列对产生相等且相反的轴向力。当潮汐流增加时，转子14轴向位置稍微改变，使得磁性支承件下游侧上的转子14和定子12的磁体阵列之间的间隙减小，且上游阵列之间的间隙增加。现在下游侧上的排斥力大于上游侧上的排斥力，且差值足以平衡由潮汐流产生的力。
也可提供机械推力支承件38，其中直到在所述的潮汐流影响下转子14经历预定轴向位移支承件面才开始接触。当该支承件38啮合时，其对部分轴向力起反作用。因此，磁性支承件22上的最大负载减小，且其尺寸可相应减小。磁性支承件22的设计不需要包含余量以适应源自潮汐流中的湍流所引起的负载漂移(excursion)。施加在机械推力支承件38上的负载可以相当大；然而，机械支承件38仅偶尔发生短时间啮合，因此其平均磨损率非常小。
机械支承件38也可布置成物理地靠近或围绕磁性支承件22，因而防止了转子14和定子12之间的接触导致的磁性支承件22的损坏，其中转子14和定子12之间的接触是由于转子和/或定子轮缘的局部变形或振动所造成的。
机械推力支承件38的面可设置成位于转子磁体26和定子磁体24上方，如图4所示。磁体24、26因此可嵌入机械推力支承件38内并由其保护，防止受到物理损伤和周围海水的化学侵蚀。
借助如图3所示排列的定子磁体24和转子磁体26，所产生的反作用力仅为轴向的，因而仅抵抗由于潮汐流导致的转子14上的横向负载。然而，参考图4，在关于定子12的一个或多个位置处，且优选在定子12的顶部和底部的死点(dead centre)，定子磁体24的每个环的一部分被定位成相对于与之反向对应的转子磁体26的环偏离。以该方式，在定子12上的这些位置处，由相对的定子磁体24和转子磁体26产生的反作用力包括轴向和径向分量两者。
如前面所述，该反作用力的轴向分量用于克服潮汐流导致的轴向负载而将转子14保持在适当位置，而该反作用力的径向分量用于承载转子14的重量，或承载至少部分重量。在定子12的底部和/或顶部处，定子磁体24相对于转子磁体26偏离，以便在使用中基本垂直向上引导该径向力，从而抵消转子14的重量。因此，可以在无需使用浮力的情况下提供对转子14重量的抵消，因而显著节省成本。偏离一定发生在定子12上，因为定子在涡轮机10工作过程中是静止的，且偏离力必须克服重力向上作用。定子磁体24的阵列可以采用，例如，圆形磁体阵列的形式，但所述磁体阵列的中心位于涡轮机10的旋转轴线下方。
为了确保转子14的径向稳定性，多个弧状鞋形件34形式的机械支承件栓接到(bolt)凸缘32的自由端，与相应形状的弧形部件36接触，该相应形状的弧形部件36在这对支架28之间形成连续环。鞋形件34可由任何合适材料制成，但优选由不锈钢制成，而弧形部件36优选由塑料(如尼龙)制成。将机械支承件定位在磁性支承件22的径向向外处，提供了大表面面积，以便使得磨损率小。然而，在使用中，由于磁性支承件22产生的径向力，使得作用于机械支承件上的力微小至零。磁性特征的详细分析确认了，转子14相对于定子12的改变的径向位置在支承件22所产生的径向力的大小上具有非常小的影响。
现在参考附图中图5到图7，示出了根据本发明的水电涡轮机的第二实施例，水电涡轮机总体表示为110，其也用于从流经涡轮机110的潮汐水流来产生电。在第二实施例中，相似元件具有相应的参考标记，并且除非另外指出，否则也执行相似功能。
与第一实施例一样，涡轮机110包括环形定子112，其中容纳有用于旋转的中心开口转子114。转子114包括外轮缘118，其在涡轮机110的操作过程中受到限制并在定子112中旋转。再次地，轮缘基发电机(未示出)设置在定子112的轮缘118和轮缘120上，以便响应于转子114相对于定子112的旋转来产生电。
涡轮机110进一步包括设置在定子112与转子114之间的磁性支承件122。在此第二实施例中，支承件122包括定子磁体124的环形阵列，其适于安装在定子112的侧壁对中每个侧壁的内表面上。该对侧壁140限定了通道130，轮缘118位于通道130中。支承件122进一步包括转子磁体126的相应环形阵列，转子磁体126的相应环形阵列设置在外轮缘118的相对两面上且与定子磁体124对齐。在任何给定阵列中的磁体的相邻行或环形环极性交替，如图7所示。然而，在定子磁体124和转子磁体126的相对阵列中的磁体的行或环具有相同极性，以便在轴向上提供磁性排斥支承件。然而，如图6明确示出，在涡轮机110上至少一个位置处，且优选在多个位置，定子磁体126径向偏离，以便产生径向力，从而至少部分地承载转子114的重量，如上面参考第一实施例所描述的。
因此，本发明提供了有效的用于水电涡轮机10、110中的无接触磁性支承件，通过设计，该无接触磁性支承件适于抵抗涡轮机10、110的转子14、114上的轴向和径向负载两者。

Claims (16)

1.一种水电涡轮机，包括：定子；转子，容纳在所述定子内用于旋转；至少一个磁性排斥支承件，至少部分地支撑所述定子内的所述转子，其中，所述磁性支承件包括以基本环形阵列安装于所述转子的转子磁体以及与所述转子磁体相对对齐地安装于所述定子的定子磁体，以便在至少一个方向上绕所述转子的圆周产生轴向反作用力，所述定子磁体在所述定子上的至少一个位置处相对于所述转子磁体径向偏离，以便产生径向反作用力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水电涡轮机，其中，所述转子磁体和定子磁体被设置成在两个相反方向上产生轴向反作用力。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的水电涡轮机，其中，所述定子磁体在某些位置上与所述转子磁体相偏离，所述某些位置在使用中位于涡轮机的顶部和底部处。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的水电涡轮机，其中，所述定子磁体定位成环形阵列，所述阵列的中心位于所述涡轮机的旋转轴线的下方。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的水电涡轮机，其中，所述转子磁体绕所述转子的轮缘设置，且所述定子磁体绕所述定子的轮缘设置。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的水电涡轮机，其中，所述定子磁体设置成一对相对的基本环形的阵列，这对环形阵列在其间限定了环形通道，且所述转子磁体布置在所述通道中。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的水电涡轮机，其中，所述转子磁体设置成一对相对的基本环形阵列，这对环形阵列在其间限定了环形通道，且所述定子磁体布置在所述通道中。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的水电涡轮机，包括从所述转子的轮缘径向向外延伸的凸缘，所述转子磁体安装于所述凸缘。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的水电涡轮机，包括从所述定子径向向内延伸的凸缘，所述定子磁体安装于所述凸缘。
10.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的水电涡轮机，其中，所述转子磁体和所述定子磁体设置成多个径向相邻的同心环，所述径向相邻的同心环沿径向向外的进程而极性交替。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的水电涡轮机，包括适于为所述转子提供径向支撑的机械支承件。
12.根据权利要求4、5、6或8中任一项所述的水电涡轮机，其中，所述转子磁体包括安装于所述凸缘的一个面的第一组磁体以及安装于所述凸缘的相对面的第二组磁体。
13.根据权利要求4、5、6或9中任一项所述的水电涡轮机，其中，所述定子磁体包括安装于所述凸缘的一个面的第一组磁体以及安装于所述凸缘的相对面的第二组磁体。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的水电涡轮机，包括机械推力支承件，所述机械推力支承件被设置和/或定尺寸成仅承载超出所述转子相对于所述定子的预定轴向位移量的部分。
15.根据权利要求14所述的水电涡轮机，其中，所述机械推力支承件被设置和/或定尺寸成用于防止所述定子磁体和所述转子磁体之间的接触。
16.根据权利要求14或15所述的水电涡轮机，其中，所述磁性支承件至少部分地被包含或嵌入在所述机械推力支承件中。
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MY154858A (en) 2015-08-14
WO2009130020A1 (en) 2009-10-29
CA2722385A1 (en) 2009-10-29
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RU2010147058A (ru) 2012-05-27
NZ588592A (en) 2013-06-28
EP2112370B1 (en) 2016-08-31
AU2009240225B2 (en) 2014-11-06
AU2009240225A1 (en) 2009-10-29
JP2011518299A (ja) 2011-06-23
US20110110770A1 (en) 2011-05-12

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