CN102015587A - 降低烷基化物汽油中的有机卤化物 - Google Patents
降低烷基化物汽油中的有机卤化物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102015587A CN102015587A CN2007800427359A CN200780042735A CN102015587A CN 102015587 A CN102015587 A CN 102015587A CN 2007800427359 A CN2007800427359 A CN 2007800427359A CN 200780042735 A CN200780042735 A CN 200780042735A CN 102015587 A CN102015587 A CN 102015587A
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- butyl
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- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011831 acidic ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- -1 pyridinium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002896 organic halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical class CCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CDXLWOUTFCMPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-4-methyl-2h-pyridine Chemical compound CCCCN1CC=C(C)C=C1 CDXLWOUTFCMPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- REACWASHYHDPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 REACWASHYHDPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000001348 alkyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100496858 Mus musculus Colec12 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001347 alkyl bromides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001351 alkyl iodides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003442 catalytic alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005647 hydrohalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012976 tarts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
- C10G69/12—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step
- C10G69/123—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step alkylation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
- C10G69/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of catalytic cracking in the absence of hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/14—Catalytic processes with inorganic acids; with salts or anhydrides of acids
- C07C2/20—Acids of halogen; Salts thereof ; Complexes thereof with organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/54—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
- C07C2/56—Addition to acyclic hydrocarbons
- C07C2/58—Catalytic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
- C07C7/148—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
- C07C7/163—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound by hydrogenation
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/10—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
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- C10G50/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- C07C2527/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- C07C2527/125—Compounds comprising a halogen and scandium, yttrium, aluminium, gallium, indium or thallium
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
公开了烷基化方法,包括:使包含至少一种具有2-6个碳原子的烯烃的第一烃原料和包含至少一种具有3-6个碳原子的异链烷烃的第二烃原料与基于卤离子的酸性离子液体催化剂在烷基化条件下接触,以产生含有有机卤化物的烷基化物,和使所述烷基化物的至少一部分与加氢处理催化剂在氢气的存在下在加氢处理条件下接触以降低所述有机卤化物的浓度。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及使用包含离子液体的催化剂用烯烃对轻异链烷烃进行烷基化的方法。
发明背景
通常,将轻异链烷烃和轻烯烃转化为更有价值的馏分对于炼油工业来说是非常有利的。这已经通过链烷烃与烯烃的烷基化反应和通过烯烃的聚合反应而实现。在该领域中最广泛使用的方法之一是使用硫酸和氢氟酸用C3-C5烯烃来烷基化异丁烷以制备具有高辛烷值的汽油馏分。自1940年以来,该方法一直被炼油工业所使用。该方法受到对高品质且清洁燃烧的高辛烷值汽油的日益增加的需要的驱动。
烷基化物汽油是高品质和有效燃烧的汽油,其占汽油库存的约14%。通常用低档的烯烃(主要是丁烯)烷基化炼油厂异丁烷来生产烷基化物汽油。当前,使用HF和H2SO4作为催化剂来生产烷基化物。尽管这些催化剂已经成功地用来经济地生产最好品质的烷基化物,但对于所涉及的工业来说,对更安全和更环境友好的催化剂体系的需要已经变成问题。
寻求替代的催化剂体系以代替当前环境不友好的催化剂已经成为学术机构和工业机构的多个研究组的课题。不幸的是,迄今为止,尚没有对当前方法的可行的代替被应用到工业炼油厂的实践中。
离子液体是完全由离子组成的液体。所谓的“低温”离子液体通常是熔点低于100℃,甚至往往低于室温的有机盐。离子液体可适合于例如在烷基化反应和聚合反应以及在二聚、低聚乙酰化、复分解和共聚反应中用作催化剂和用作溶剂。
一类离子液体是熔融盐组合物,它们在低温下被熔融,并用作催化剂、溶剂和电解质。这种组合物是组分的混合物,该混合物在低于各组分的各自熔点的温度下为液体。
离子液体可以定义为这样的液体,该液体的组成完全由作为阳离子和阴离子的组合的离子组成。最常见的离子液体是由有机基阳离子和无机或有机阴离子制备的那些。最常见的有机阳离子是铵阳离子,但也经常使用磷鎓阳离子和锍阳离子。吡啶鎓和咪唑鎓的离子液体也许是最常用的阳离子。阴离子包括,但不限于,BF4 -、PF6 -、卤铝酸根例如Al2Cl7 -和Al2Br7 -、[(CF3SO2)2N]-、烷基硫酸根(RSO3 -)、羧酸根(RCO2 -)和许多其它阴离子。催化上最让人感兴趣的用于酸催化的离子液体是衍生自卤化铵和路易斯酸(例如AlCl3、TiCl4、SnCl4、FeCl3...等)的那些。氯铝酸盐离子液体也许是最常用的用于酸催化的反应的离子液体催化剂体系。
这类低温离子液体或熔融盐的实例是氯铝酸盐。例如,烷基咪唑鎓或吡啶鎓氯化物可以与三氯化铝(AlCl3)混合生成熔融的氯铝酸盐。美国专利4,122,245讨论了1-烷基吡啶鎓氯化物和三氯化铝的熔融盐作为电解质的用途。讨论了以来自三氯化铝和烷基咪唑鎓卤化物的熔融盐作为电解质的用途的其他专利是美国专利4,463,071和4,463,072。
美国专利5,104,840描述了包含至少一种二卤化烷基铝和至少一种季铵卤化物和/或至少一种季铵磷鎓卤化物的离子液体,及它们作为溶剂在催化反应中的用途。
美国专利6,096,680描述了液体包合物组合物,其在Friedel-Crafts反应中用作可重复使用的铝催化剂。在一个实施方案中,该液体包合物组合物由这些组分生成,所述组分包括(i)至少一种三卤化铝,(ii)至少一种盐,其选自碱金属卤化物、碱土金属卤化物、碱金属拟卤化物、季铵盐、季磷鎓盐、或三元锍盐、或上述中任意两种或更多种的混合物,和(iii)至少一种芳烃化合物。
离子液体及其制备方法的其他实例也可以在美国专利5,731,101、6,797,853和在美国专利申请出版物2004/0077914和2004/0133056中找到。
在大约最近十年中,氯铝酸盐离子液体的出现激发了对在作为可能的替代物的离子液体中进行AlCl3催化的烷基化反应的兴趣。例如,在离子液体中用丁烯和乙烯来烷基化异丁烷已经在美国专利5,750,455、6,028,024和6,235,959和公开文献(Journal ofMolecular Catalysis,92(1994),155-165)、“Ionic Liquids inSynthesis”,P.Wasserscheid和T.Welton(编辑),Wiley-VCHVerlag,2003,第275页)中有述。
在离子液体中进行的氯化铝催化的烷基化反应和聚合反应可证明是用于炼油工业用于制备多种产品的商业上可行的方法。这些产品从由异丁烷和异戊烷与轻烯烃的烷基化反应所产生的烷基化物汽油到柴油燃料和由烷基化反应和聚合反应所产生的润滑油。
然而,以上所有使用氯铝酸盐离子液体催化剂的方法在反应过程中在烃产物中产生痕量的有机卤化物。希望除去该痕量的有机卤化物,因为已知有机卤化物在燃烧过程中生成二噁英。也可以希望除去有机卤化物以达到产品规格。当使用基于氯离子以外的卤离子的离子液体催化剂时,发生类似的结果。
发明概述
本发明涉及烷基化方法,包括:使包含至少一种具有2-6个碳原子的烯烃的第一烃原料和包含至少一种具有3-6个碳原子的异链烷烃的第二烃原料与基于卤离子的酸性离子液体催化剂在烷基化条件下接触,以产生含有有机卤化物的烷基化物,和使所述烷基化物的至少一部分与加氢处理催化剂在氢气的存在下在加氢处理条件下接触以降低所述有机卤化物的浓度。
发明详述
本发明涉及烷基化方法,包括使包含至少一种具有2-6个碳原子的烯烃和至少一种具有3-6个碳原子的异链烷烃的烃混合物在烷基化条件下与基于卤离子的酸性离子液体催化剂接触。
本发明的方法的原料的一种组分是至少一种具有2-6个碳原子的烯烃。例如,该组分可以是任何含有烯烃的炼油厂烃料流。
本发明的方法的原料的另一种组分是至少一种具有3-6个碳原子的异链烷烃。例如,该组分可以是任何含有异链烷烃的炼油厂烃料流。
根据本发明的方法不限于任何具体的原料,并通常可应用于来自任何来源和处于任何组合的C3-C6异链烷烃与C2-C6烯烃的烷基化反应。
根据本发明,使如上所述的烃混合物与催化剂在烷基化条件下接触。根据本发明的催化剂包含至少一种酸性的基于卤离子的离子液体并可以任选地包括烷基卤促进剂。参照某些具体的离子液体催化剂对本方法进行描述和举例说明,但这些描述不打算限制本发明的范围。基于本文所包括的教导、描述和实施例,本领域技术人员可以使用任何酸性离子液体催化剂来实施所描述的方法。
本文使用的具体实施例涉及使用离子液体体系的烷基化方法,所述离子液体体系是与氯化铝混合的胺基的阳离子物种。在该体系中,为了获得适合于烷基化化学的合适酸度,通常通过混合一摩尔份数的合适的氯化铵和两摩尔份数的氯化铝来将所述离子液体催化剂制备至完全的酸强度。为所述烷基化方法而举例说明的催化剂是1-烷基-吡啶鎓氯铝酸盐,例如1-丁基-吡啶鎓七氯铝酸盐。
1-丁基-吡啶鎓七氯铝酸盐
通常,强酸性离子液体对于链烷烃烷基化反应例如异链烷烃烷基化反应是必需的。在这种情况下,在离子液体催化剂方案中,氯化铝,它是与低浓度布朗斯台德酸组合的强路易斯酸,是优选的催化剂组分。
如上所述,所述酸性离子液体可以是任何酸性离子液体。在一个实施方案中,所述酸性离子液体是通过将三氯化铝(AlCl3)与通式分别为A、B、C和D的烃基取代的吡啶鎓卤化物、烃基取代的咪唑鎓卤化物、三烷基铵氢卤化物或卤化四烷基铵混合而制备的氯铝酸盐离子液体,
其中,R=H、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基或己基,和X是卤离子,且优选氯离子,和R1和R2=H、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基或己基,和其中R1和R2可以相同或不同,和R3、R4和R5和R6=甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基或己基,和其中R3、R4、R5和R6可以相同或不同。
所述酸性离子液体优选选自1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓氯铝酸盐、1-丁基-吡啶鎓氯铝酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯铝酸盐和1-H-吡啶鎓氯铝酸盐。
在本发明的方法中,可以任选地使用烷基卤作为促进剂。
所述烷基卤通过与氯化铝反应生成必备的阳离子来以与Friedel-Crafts反应相似的模式促进所述烷基化反应。可以使用的烷基卤包括烷基溴、烷基氯和烷基碘。优选的是异戊基卤、异丁基卤、丁基卤、丙基卤和乙基卤。当使用氯铝酸盐离子液体作为所述催化剂体系时,优选这些烷基卤的烷基氯形式。也可使用具有1-8个碳原子的其它烷基氯或烷基卤。所述烷基卤可以单独或组合使用。
可采用金属卤化物来修改所述催化剂的活性和选择性。金属卤化物,其最通常用作氯化铝催化的烯烃-异链烷烃烷基化反应的抑制剂/改性剂,包括NaCl、LiCl、KCl、BeCl2、CaCl2、BaCl2、SrCl2、MgCl2、PbCl2、CuCl、ZrCl4和AgCl,如Roebuck和Evering所述(Ind.Eng.Chem.Prod.Res.Develop.卷9,77,1970)。优选的金属卤化物是CuCl、AgCl、PbCl2、LiCl和ZrCl4。
可采用HCl或任何布朗斯台德酸作为助催化剂来通过增加所述离子液体基催化剂的整体酸度来增强所述催化剂的活性。在本发明的实践中有用的这样的助催化剂和离子液体催化剂的使用公开于美国公布的专利申请2003/0060359和2004/0077914。可用于增强活性的其它助催化剂包括Hirschauer等人在美国专利6,028,024中描述的IVB金属化合物,优选IVB金属卤化物,例如ZrCl4、ZrBr4、TiCl4、TiCl3、TiBr4、TiBr3、HfCl4、HfBr4。
由于烃在离子液体中的溶解度低,烯烃-异链烷烃烷基化反应,类似于大多数在离子液体中的反应,通常是双相的,且在液态的界面处发生。在使用一个反应阶段的间歇体系、半间歇体系或连续体系中,该催化烷基化反应通常在液体烃相中进行,这对于脂族烷基化反应是常见的。异链烷烃和烯烃可分开导入或作为混合物导入。异链烷烃与烯烃间的摩尔比例如为1-100,有利地为2-50,优选为2-20。在半间歇体系中,首先导入异链烷烃,然后导入烯烃,或者导入异链烷烃和烯烃的混合物。反应器中的催化剂体积为2-70体积%,优选为5-50体积%。希望有剧烈搅拌以确保反应物与催化剂之间的良好接触。反应温度可以为-40℃至+150℃,优选为-20℃至+100℃。压力可为常压至8000kPa,优选足以保持反应物为液相。反应物在容器中的停留时间为几秒至几小时,优选0.5-60分钟。可使用任何本领域技术人员已知的任何方法除去反应所生成的热。在反应器出口,通过倾析将烃相与离子相分开,然后通过蒸馏分离烃,并将未转化的起始异链烷烃再循环至该反应器。
典型的烷基化条件可包括:反应器中的催化剂体积为5-50体积%,温度为-10℃至+100℃,压力为300-2500kPa,异戊烷与烯烃的摩尔比为2-8,和停留时间为5分钟至1小时。
在根据本发明的方法的一个实施方案中,从所述烷基化反应区回收低挥发度的高品质汽油调和组分。然后优选将这些调和组分调和到汽油中去。
如前面所提到的,使用氯铝酸盐离子液体催化剂的烷基化反应在反应过程中在烃产物中产生痕量的有机卤化物。希望除去这些痕量的有机卤化物,因为已知有机卤化物在燃烧过程中生成二噁英。也可以希望除去有机卤化物以达到产品规格。当使用基于氯离子以外的卤离子的离子液体催化剂时,发生类似的结果。
根据本发明,所述烷基化反应的产物的有机卤化物含量可以通过加氢处理该反应产物来降低。所述加氢处理可以在该反应产物与其它组分混合来例如制备汽油之后进行,在这种情况下,所述汽油被加氢处理。
在优选的实施方案中,使用氯铝酸盐离子液体催化剂制备的烷基化物的有机氯化物浓度通过使所述烷基化物与加氢处理催化剂在加氢处理区在氢气的存在下在温和加氢处理条件下接触来降低,所述温和加氢处理条件包括温度为200-600°F和氢气压力为1-300psig。这已经导致汽油的氯化物含量从约400ppm降低到小于5ppm。此外,已经在这些条件下加氢处理了的汽油不退化。
根据本发明的方法可以使用任何加氢处理催化剂。优选的是在活性炭或二氧化硅载体上含有贵金属例如钯和/或铂的固体催化剂体系。
以下实施例是本发明的说明性的实施例,但是并不打算以任何超出含于所附的权利要求中的内容的方式限制本发明。
实施例
使用N-丁基吡啶鎓七氯铝酸盐催化剂的异丁烷与丁烯的烷基化反应的产物被X-射线荧光(XRF)光谱确定为具有422ppm的烷基氯含量。为了对该产物进行脱氯,将稀释在11g的二氧化硅碳化物粗砂中的4.5g由分散在二氧化硅/氧化铝载体上的Pd/Pt组成的加氢处理催化剂样品装填到3/8”直径的管式反应器中并在200psig和250F下在5.3cc/分钟的流动H2下还原2小时。然后使烷基化物产物在400F下以17g/h(LHSV=4h-1)的流量与流量为35.6cc/分钟的压力为200psig的H2一起向下游流过该催化剂。收集加氢处理过的产物的样品并通过XRF光谱确定具有5.2ppm的烷基氯含量。
根据本文所述的教导和支持性实施例,有可能对本发明进行很多变化。因此,要理解的是,在所附的权利要求的范围内,本发明可以以与本文具体描述的或举例说明的方式不同的方式加以实践。
Claims (18)
1.烷基化方法,包括:使包含至少一种具有2-6个碳原子的烯烃的第一烃原料和包含至少一种具有3-6个碳原子的异链烷烃的第二烃原料与基于卤离子的酸性离子液体催化剂在烷基化条件下接触,以产生含有有机卤化物的烷基化物,和使所述烷基化物的至少一部分与加氢处理催化剂在氢气的存在下在加氢处理条件下接触以降低所述有机卤化物的浓度。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述酸性离子液体选自1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓氯铝酸盐(BMP)、1-丁基-吡啶鎓氯铝酸盐(BP)、1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓氯铝酸盐(BMIM)和1-H-吡啶鎓氯铝酸盐(HP)。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述加氢条件包括温度为200-600°F和氢气压力为1-300psig。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述异链烷烃选自异丁烷、异戊烷和它们的混合物。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述烯烃选自乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、戊烯和它们的混合物。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述烷基化条件包括反应器中的催化剂体积为5-50体积%,温度为-10℃至100℃,压力为300-2500kPa,异戊烷与烯烃的摩尔比为2-8,和停留时间为1分钟-1小时。
8.权利要求1的方法,还包括回收低挥发度的高品质汽油调和组分。
9.权利要求1的方法,其中所述基于卤离子的离子液体为基于氯离子的离子液体。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中所述离子液体催化剂还包括烷基卤。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中所述烷基卤选自甲基卤、乙基卤、丙基卤、1-丁基卤、2-丁基卤、叔丁基卤、戊基卤、异戊基卤、己基卤、异己基卤、庚基卤、异庚基卤、辛基卤和异辛基卤。
12.权利要求1的方法,其中所述加氢催化剂包含在固体载体上的铂、钯或它们的混合物。
13.在烷基化方法中,其中至少一种具有2-6个碳原子的烯烃和至少一种具有3-6个碳原子的异链烷烃在烷基化条件下在烷基化区与包含基于氯离子的酸性离子液体的催化剂接触,改进之处包括使反应产物的至少一部分与加氢处理催化剂在氢气的存在下在加氢处理条件下反应,以降低所述产物中的有机氯化物的浓度。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中所述酸性离子液体选自1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶鎓氯铝酸盐(BMP)、1-丁基-吡啶鎓氯铝酸盐(BP)、1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓氯铝酸盐(BMIM)和1-H-吡啶鎓氯铝酸盐(HP)。
15.权利要求13的方法,其中所述加氢条件包括温度为200-600°F和氢气压力为1-300psig,和其中所述加氢催化剂包含在固体载体上的铂、钯或它们的混合物。
16.权利要求13的方法,其中所述烯烃选自乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、戊烯和它们的混合物。
17.权利要求13的方法,其中所述异链烷烃选自异丁烷、异戊烷和它们的混合物。
18.烷基化方法,包括:使包含至少一种具有2-6个碳原子的烯烃的第一烃原料和包含至少一种具有3-6个碳原子的异链烷烃的第二烃原料与基于卤离子的酸性离子液体催化剂在烷基化条件下接触,以产生含有有机卤化物的烷基化物,将所述烷基化物加入到其它汽油调和组分中以产生烷基化物汽油,和使所述烷基化物汽油的至少一部分与加氢处理催化剂在氢气的存在下在加氢处理条件下接触以降低所述有机卤化物的浓度。
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Cited By (2)
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CN103270007A (zh) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-08-28 | 雪佛龙美国公司 | 使含氯原料提质用作燃料的催化脱氯方法 |
CN110157473A (zh) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-08-23 | 南京工业大学 | 一种双酸性离子液体催化异戊烷-丙烯合成烷基化油的方法 |
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US7955495B2 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2011-06-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Composition of middle distillate |
US7955498B2 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2011-06-07 | Chevron, U.S.A. Inc. | Reduction of organic halide contamination in hydrocarbon products |
US8674159B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 | 2014-03-18 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Hydroconversion process with alkyl halide comprising at least 55 wt% halide |
US20110092753A1 (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-04-21 | Bi-Zeng Zhan | Hydroisomerization and selective hydrogenation of feedstock in ionic liquid-catalyzed alkylation |
CN102108306B (zh) * | 2009-12-28 | 2013-12-18 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种以离子液体为催化剂的烷基化反应方法 |
US8237004B2 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2012-08-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for making products with low hydrogen halide |
US9212321B2 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2015-12-15 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for recycling hydrogen halide to a reactor comprising an ionic liquid |
US8455708B2 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2013-06-04 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Flexible production of alkylate gasoline and distillate |
US8729329B2 (en) | 2010-06-28 | 2014-05-20 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Supported liquid phase ionic liquid catalyst process |
US20120024750A1 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Hydrodechlorination of ionic liquid-derived hydrocarbon products |
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US8586812B2 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2013-11-19 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Ionic liquid catalyzed olefin oligomerization for distillate production |
US20120160740A1 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Processes for ionic liquid catalyzed upgrading of oxygenate containing hydrocarbon feedstocks |
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US9388093B2 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2016-07-12 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Nozzle design for ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation |
US20160001255A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Novel reactor for ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation based on motionless mixer |
US10384988B2 (en) | 2015-12-23 | 2019-08-20 | Uop Llc | Chloride management in ionic liquid alkylation processes |
CN111250160A (zh) * | 2018-03-25 | 2020-06-09 | 台州正铭智能家居科技有限公司 | 一种用于汽油生产的催化剂 |
CN108341734B (zh) * | 2018-03-25 | 2021-07-20 | 广东和汇新材料有限公司 | 一种催化制备2,6-二甲基萘的方法 |
KR102189509B1 (ko) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-12-11 | 한화토탈 주식회사 | 폴리부텐 제조방법, 폴리부텐 제조장치 및 이에 의해 제조된 폴리부텐 |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103270007A (zh) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-08-28 | 雪佛龙美国公司 | 使含氯原料提质用作燃料的催化脱氯方法 |
CN110157473A (zh) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-08-23 | 南京工业大学 | 一种双酸性离子液体催化异戊烷-丙烯合成烷基化油的方法 |
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KR101481188B1 (ko) | 2015-01-09 |
AU2007333132A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
AU2007333132B2 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
WO2008073945A2 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
KR20090091737A (ko) | 2009-08-28 |
BRPI0718031A2 (pt) | 2013-11-12 |
US20080142412A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
WO2008073945A3 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
US7902419B2 (en) | 2011-03-08 |
US7538256B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 |
CN102015587B (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
US20090264694A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
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