CN102010780B - Viscosity-controllable aqueous lubricating liquid and application - Google Patents
Viscosity-controllable aqueous lubricating liquid and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to viscosity-controllable aqueous lubricating liquid and application. The viscosity-controllable aqueous lubricating liquid consists of triethanolamine borate, triethanolamine oleate, triethanolamine sebacic acid, an alcohol viscosifier, an organic silicon defoaming agent and water. The viscosity range is from 0.9 Pa.s to 8 Pa.s. The main component of the water-based lubricating liquid is water, so excellent characteristic, such as fire resistance, of the water and high specific heat are preserved; each component of the aqueous lubricating liquid has low price, no toxicity and high degradability and meets the requirements of environmentally-friendly lubricants; tests show that the aqueous lubricating liquid has high rust resistance; an anti-rusting agent component of the aqueous lubricating liquid comprises a polar group with a large adsorption force, so the aqueous lubricating liquid has anti-friction and anti-wear effects on a friction pair and prolongs the service life of equipment; and the viscosity of the lubricating liquid can be adjusted by changing the viscosifier content according to specific engineering requirements, so that the higher rigidity, bearing capacity and heat stability of a processing equipment main shaft and a hydrostatic guideway system are guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lubricating fluid that is applied to mechanical means main shaft, hydrostatic guide rail system, be mainly used in hydrostatic slideway lubricated of sliding surface bearing, the support motion parts of supporting spindle, a kind of viscosity-controllable aqueous lubricating liquid and application are provided.
Background technology
Bearing is the vitals of rotary processing equipment, and the rotating accuracy of axis system, axis rigidity, rotating speed, supporting capacity, bearing life have directly determined the performance of working accuracy, working efficiency, maintenance cycle and the finished product of processing units; Hydrostatic slideway is to pass into pressure oil or pressurized air between the guide surface of two relative movement, and movement parts is floated, and works to guarantee to be between two guide surface under liquid or the gas friction state.Fluid sliding surface bearing or hydrostatic slideway have kinematic accuracy height, supporting capacity and reach by force the high advantage of rigidity, but the main shaft of traditional oil base sliding surface bearing and oil base hydrostatic slideway are large owing to generating heat when motion, cause the thermostability variation, thereby affect the raising of precision; Also because mineral oil also exists serious pollution problem, be not suitable with the requirement of modern industry sustainable development simultaneously.
Present lubricating oil mostly is mineral lubricating oils, and the mineral based lubricating oil is biodegradable poor ability in physical environment, will cause comparatively serious pollution problem to ecotope owing to gathering for a long time.For adapting to modern industry for the needs of environment protection and sustainable development, novel lubricating liquid all components of the present invention all should be green medium or additive.To the regulation of green lubrication agent addition agent, new lubricant should not contain carcinogens, causes Mutagenesis, aberrant with reference to Germany's " BlueAngel " tissue; Not chloride and nitrite; Containing metal (deliming outer) not; The maximum additive with potential biodegradable that allows use 7%; Also can add 2% not biodegradable additive, but must be low toxicity.
Existing sliding surface bearing or hydrostatic slideway form need to be selected the lubricating oil of specific model according to its structure or job requirement, and its component and viscosity are fixed.Main shaft sliding surface bearing or platform of machine tool hydrostatic slideway for the fixed sturcture form, if sliding friction pair adopts low viscous lubricant medium, frictional power, thermal value are just little, be beneficial to the thermostability of lifting spindle or hydrostatic slideway, the lubrication film thickness that low viscosity fluid is corresponding simultaneously is little, the theoretical rotating accuracy of main shaft is high (advantage that above-mentioned low viscosity lubricant medium brings improves significant for the performance of machine tool chief axis and guide rail) just, and still this moment, supporting capacity and rigidity were lower; When adopting thick oil, then can produce higher thermal value, cause main shaft or guide rail heat distortion amount larger, working accuracy can't guarantee.Therefore, if above-mentioned mechanical means adopts the lubricant of Adjustable viscosity, just can not more in the situation of exchange device and lubricant medium, finish the multiple processing requests such as low-speed heave-load, high speed light loading and high-speed high-precision processing.
Mechanical means mostly is the metallic substance manufacturing, and the lubricating fluid that therefore is used for machining equipment must have preferably rustless property.The rust-preventive agent great majority all are the very strong compounds of polarity, and its effect is can be adsorbed on the metallic surface and form fine and close protective membrane or form one deck passive film with metallic surface chemical combination, and then prevents that metal from contacting with corrosive medium, can play rust inhibition.Water soluble anti-rust agent can be divided into inorganic inhibitor and organic corrosion inhibitor two classes.The effect of inorganic inhibitor generally is to make the metallic surface generate insoluble passive film or reaction rete and play rust inhibition.Water-soluble inorganic rust-preventive agent commonly used comprises nitrite, phosphoric acid salt, silicate, borate, molybdate etc., but owing to nitrite, phosphoric acid salt have toxicity, silicate and borate are not soluble, the molybdate cost is expensive, therefore at the rust-inhibiting additive that is not suitable for as novel water-based lubricating fluid.In the present invention, adopted the composite method of multiple green organic corrosion inhibitor to guarantee the rustless property of lubricating fluid.
In addition, lubricating oil exists potential safety hazard owing to have combustibility; Therefore the water-based lubricating liquid that the present invention proposes to adopt has the safety feature of flame retardant resistance take water as main component.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to use for sliding surface bearing, hydrostatic slideway lubricate the defective of mineral lubricating oils, make a kind of in certain low viscosity scope the controlled lubricating fluid of viscosity, the good characteristic that possesses simultaneously green environmental protection, rust-preventing characteristic is applicable to main shaft sliding surface bearing, the machine tool static-pressure guide rail of machining equipment.
As previously mentioned, if lubricating fluid viscosity is adjustable, not only improve the use cheap property of sliding surface bearing main shaft, hydrostatic slideway, and effectively widened the suitability of these mechanical means.Therefore, the present invention proposes to adopt water-based lubricating liquid as the lubricant medium of sliding surface bearing or hydrostatic slideway, for concrete apparatus-form, according to actual operating conditions, the designer according to knowhow or by after the required viscosity of calculative determination lubricating fluid, (corresponding relation of additive amount and lubricating fluid temperature-viscosity is definite by test for method by quantitatively adding additive in basal liquid (pure water), introduction sees below), realize that lubricating fluid viscosity in lower range of viscosities is controlled, when namely can guarantee main shaft or hydrostatic slideway higher stiffness and supporting capacity, so that system's thermal value is few, Heat stability is good, precision is high, has remedied employing oil lubrication bearing, the shortcoming of hydrostatic slideway is specially adapted to high-speed high-precision processing situation.
A kind of viscosity-controllable aqueous lubricating liquid of the present invention, its component and weight percent are as follows:
Trolamine boric acid ester 8-15%;
Triethanolamine oleate 9-12%;
Sebacic acid trolamine 0.1-1%;
Alcohols tackifier 0-32%;
Silicone antifoam agent 3 ‰-5 ‰;
All the other compositions are water.
Described alcohols comprises ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol or other nontoxic alcohols.
Viscosity-controllable aqueous lubricating liquid is characterized in that range of viscosities is 0.9mPas-8mPas.
Described triethanolamine oleate comprises the triethanolamine oleate that adopts vegetables oil and animal oil to be prepared from as rust-preventive agent.For eliminating the bubble that produces after organic compound mixes with water, 3 ‰-5 ‰ silicone antifoam agents have also been added in the lubricating fluid.The basal liquid of lubricating fluid is water, comprises high pure water, distilled water, tap water and mineral water.Water-based lubricating liquid is used, and it is characterized in that being applicable to the sliding surface bearing main shaft of machine tooling equipment or lubricating of hydrostatic slideway.
Other additive dosage of lubricating fluid except tackifier (referring in the desired amount ranges of invention) are minimum for the overall viscosity variation of lubricating fluid, will not play the effect of adjusting viscosity in lubricating fluid.Trolamine boric acid ester, triethanolamine oleate and sebacic acid trolamine will be worked in coordination with the antirust effect of playing; Silicone antifoam agent will play the effect of eliminating foam in the lubricating fluid.
The alcohols of tackifier compositional selecting ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or other toxicological harmlesss, because this lubricating fluid characteristics are that viscosity is controlled, need in actual use, according to the concrete viscosity requirement of designer to lubricating fluid, thereby and the content of change tackifier realizes that the lubricating fluid viscosity number is adjustable.The SBN-2 numeral rotational viscosimeter that adopts Shanghai Geoscience Instrument Inst. to produce is measured the temperature-viscosity characteristics of the water-based lubricating liquid behind the adding various dose tackifier.Change tackifier (alcohols material adopts ethylene glycol in the test) thus regulate the water based lubrication fluid viscosity with water-content, obtain temperature-viscosity characteristics (such as table 1, shown in Figure 1) that contain the lubricating fluid of different concns tackifier this moment.In actual use, can according to testing in advance the viscosity number that records, according to needed viscosity, mix suitable water-based lubricating liquid.When tackifier levels was 0%, the expression lubricating fluid only was made of water, rust-preventive agent and defoamer; Although the lubricating fluid of this moment is more or less the same with ortho-water soltion viscosity value (slightly higher than the aqueous solution), but respectively to organize lubricating fluid identical with other, its rust-preventing characteristic for metallic substance will be much better than the aqueous solution (test for rust preventing ability is referring to embodiment 3), therefore to the actual requirement of viscosity, be applicable in the oiling system of main shaft sliding surface bearing, machine tool static-pressure guide rail of machining equipment in still can using according to engineering.
Table 1
Beneficial effect of the present invention: because the water-based lubricating liquid main component is water, therefore kept the good speciality of water---flame retardant resistance and higher specific heat (the lubricating fluid specific heat that adopts resistance-heat of liquid null readings to record when containing 20% tackifier is 3.47kJ/kgK); Each component of water-based lubricating liquid is cheap, and all be nontoxic (few composition be little poison) and degradability strong, meet the requirement of the friendly type lubricant of green environment; By test, verify that this lubricating fluid has preferably rustless property; Contain in the rust-preventive agent component of lubricating fluid and have the large polar group of adsorptive power, therefore friction pair is formed antifriction, wear-resistant effect, prolonged service life of equipment; Can require according to concrete engineering (to the needs of lubricating fluid viscosity under the actual temp), regulate lubricating fluid viscosity by the method that changes tackifier levels, thereby guarantee processing units main shaft, hydrostatic guide rail system higher stiffness, supporting capacity and thermostability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the temperature-viscosity characteristics figure of the lubricating fluid of different concns tackifier.
Embodiment
The below introduces preparation and the using method of this green water-based lubricating liquid.
Embodiment 1: using method when being applicable to sliding bearing lubricating: when this lubricating fluid was applicable to sliding bearing lubricating, its using method and plain oil were similar.If sliding surface bearing is hydrodynamic sliding bearing, can adopt the mode that friction pair is dipped in the lubricating fluid form, because can forming the carrying liquid film, the dynamic pressure effect lubricating fluid guarantees the normal stable work of main shaft during the main shaft rotation; If sliding surface bearing is the form of static pressure or dynamic and static pressure lubricating, with reference to concrete sliding surface bearing and current regulator structure, squeeze into plain bearing unit with certain pressure, in the play of bearing, form the carrying liquid film, guarantee the normal stable work of main shaft.
In the high purity water machine, prepare high pure water 82.6kg, other prepares 8kg trolamine boric acid ester, the 9kg triethanolamine oleate, 0.1kg sebacic acid trolamine and 0.3kg silicone antifoam agent, subsequently above-mentioned each composition is poured in the small-sized stirring tank (or the suitable clean container of other capacity), fully stirred 10 minutes, the solution that forms at last is the pungent smell liquid of faint yellow transparent nothing, thereby preparation is finished water-based lubricating liquid (as calculated, each weight percentages of components is in the lubricating fluid at this moment: water 82.6%, trolamine boric acid ester 8%, triethanolamine oleate 9%, sebacic acid trolamine 0.1%, and lubricating fluid is poured in the liquid case of circulation lubrication system for subsequent use silicone antifoam agent 0.3%).Owing to add the alcohols material can promote lubricating fluid viscosity, therefore its viscosity number is minimum in lubricating fluid viscosity variable range in this example, after tested when room temperature this lubricating fluid viscosity number about 1.6mPas.
High-speed main spindle (the main shaft diameter 80mm that this lubricating fluid is used for adopting sliding supported condition, rotating speed is 10000rpm, adopt the orifice restriction form, liquid supply pressure is 2MPa, transverse bearing gap 20 μ m), steady through the test spindle operation, the main shaft radial rigidity can reach 210N/ μ m after tested, and friction power loss is then below 100W.This moment, the lubricating liquid film temperature rise was less, and main shaft has preferably thermostability, can be used for the precision sizing field.
Be checking lubricating fluid performance, set this main shaft application and bear high-load more or require the workplace of higher rigidity in needs, require this moment lubricating fluid viscosity when room temperature, can reach about 2.7mPas.Therefore, according to tackifier additive capacity in the table 1 and lubricating fluid viscosity corresponding relation, in aforementioned lubricating fluid, continue to add 8kg trolamine boric acid ester, 6kg triethanolamine oleate, 0.6kg sebacic acid trolamine, 0.3kg silicone antifoam agent and 20.28kg tackifier ethylene glycol, and stir (as calculated, each weight percentages of components is in lubricating fluid this moment: water 61.2%, trolamine boric acid ester 11.8%, triethanolamine oleate 11.1%, sebacic acid trolamine 0.5%, silicone antifoam agent 0.4% and tackifier 15%).Under aforementioned main shaft operating mode, test obtains the main shaft radial rigidity and reaches 280N/ μ m, and the main shaft rigidity obviously gets a promotion, although this moment, friction power loss raise (being about 170W), but still in the work permit scope.
Embodiment 2: the using method when being applicable to hydrostatic slideway: as being used for open type static pressure guide rail, lubricating fluid enters guide rail single face sap cavity with certain pressure through current regulator by liquid pump, moving parts is floated, be in the neat liquid Frotteurism when making the guide surface motion, and form the carrying liquid film; As being used for closed hydrostatic slideway, lubricating fluid passes through current regulator by liquid pump with certain pressure, and a plurality of sap cavities that enter each face of guide rail form the carrying liquid films, and guarantee that guide rail bears two-way external load and still can work.
Prepare the high pure water of 39.5kg, 15kg trolamine boric acid ester, the 12kg triethanolamine oleate, 1kg sebacic acid trolamine, 32kg ethylene glycol and 0.5kg silicone antifoam agent, subsequently above-mentioned each composition is poured in the small-sized stirring tank (or the suitable clean container of other capacity), fully stirred 15 minutes, the solution that forms at last is that yellow transparent is without pungent smell liquid, thereby preparation is finished water-based lubricating liquid (as calculated, each weight percentages of components is in the lubricating fluid at this moment: water 39.5%, trolamine boric acid ester 15%, triethanolamine oleate 12%, sebacic acid trolamine 1%, silicone antifoam agent 5 ‰ and tackifier 32%), and lubricating fluid is poured in the liquid case of circulation lubrication system for subsequent use.Water-based lubricating liquid in this example is owing to added the tackifier of maximum dose level, and therefore its viscosity number is higher in lubricating fluid viscosity variable range, after tested when room temperature this lubricating fluid viscosity number about 6.8mPas.
Closed hydrostatic slideway (the circular guideway diameter 100mm that this lubricating fluid is used for adopting round slider, length 140mm, liquid supply pressure is 2.5MPa, guide rail mean radius gap 25 μ m), with supporting lathe workplatform, hydrostatic guide rail system smooth running after tested, the integrated carrying ability can reach and be about 1400N, and lubricating liquid film rigidity reaches more than the 360N/ μ m.This moment, the lubricating liquid film temperature rise was less, and guide rail-plateform system has preferably thermostability, can be used for the precision sizing field.
Embodiment 3: in the situation that each component of water-based lubricating liquid has been determined, test lubricating fluid rustless property, as touchstone, (laboratory sample has comprised the many groups of lubricating fluids that contain different rust-preventive agent proportionings to adopt the monolithic method to test lubricating fluid with laminated layer method with reference to standard GB/T 6144-85 (regulation of cutting fluid rustless property test); For reducing test period, adopt 5% dilute aqueous solution) rustless property.Concrete testing program is as follows:
Monolithic rust prevention test: standard test piece is polished with the corundum gauze, dipping in raw spirit with absorbent cotton cleans, hair dryer dries up, draw diluent with suction pipe, drip five on the light face (every diameter 4-5mm) by the plum blossom form, test piece is put in (a small amount of water is put in the moisture eliminator bottom) on the moisture eliminator dividing plate, add a cover lens, the dryer door of closing places the thermostat container of constant temperature to 35 ℃, long run test 48h, take out and observe, five rustless is the A level, and four rustless is the B level, three rustless is the C level, and two rustless is the D level.The A level is qualified.The lubricating fluid dropping point proves that all without rusty stain rustless property is good under this testing circumstance in the test.
Lamination rust prevention test: with two onesize standard test piece polishing, scourings, electricity consumption dries up, wherein a slice lies on the dividing plate of moisture eliminator, lubricating fluid to be measured is evenly coated on the treated clean surface of standard test piece with suction pipe, it is overlapping on it another sheet to be processed clean standard test piece again, then this is placed moisture eliminator to lamination, the moisture eliminator bottom will be placed with distilled water, after adding a cover moisture eliminator is put into thermostat container, constant temperature is to the specified time in 40 ℃ of thermostat containers, two test pieces are opened in taking-up, observe immediately the surface corrosion situation.10 pairs of test pieces were prepared in test, opened a pair ofly every 2 hours, did not get rusty if open rear discovery, open again after 2 hours with regard to every interval a pair of, until find that the final generation corrosion time is the antirust time of this prescription till the test piece generation corrosion.In test, solution to different rust-preventive agent mix proportion schemes is all tested, wherein mass content trolamine boric acid ester is 11%, triethanolamine oleate is 10%, the sebacic acid trolamine is that 1% lubricating fluid has embodied best rustless property, and the antirust time of its lamination is 20 hours.
Water-based lubricating liquid of the present invention and application, those skilled in the art can be by using for reference this paper content, and the links such as appropriate change processing parameter, structure design realize.System of the present invention is described by different examples of implementation, and person skilled obviously can be changed or suitably change and combination system as herein described within not breaking away from content of the present invention, spirit and scope, realizes the technology of the present invention.Special needs to be pointed out is, the replacement that all are similar and change apparent to those skilled in the artly, they are deemed to be included in spirit of the present invention, scope and the content.
Claims (4)
1. viscosity-controllable aqueous lubricating liquid is characterized in that component and weight percent are as follows:
Trolamine boric acid ester 8-15%;
Triethanolamine oleate 9-12%;
Sebacic acid trolamine 0.1-1%;
Alcohols tackifier 0-32%;
Silicone antifoam agent 3 ‰-5 ‰;
All the other compositions are water.
2. water-based lubricating liquid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described alcohols comprises ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol or other nontoxic alcohols.
3. viscosity-controllable aqueous lubricating liquid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that range of viscosities is 0.9mPas-8mPas.
4. the application of viscosity-controllable aqueous lubricating liquid as claimed in claim 1, it is as shown in the table to it is characterized in that the corresponding relation of tackifier ethylene glycol and viscosity:
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| WO2019048417A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-14 | Sms Group Gmbh | Method for operating a rolling technology or metallurgical system |
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| CN104130839A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-11-05 | 开封市奥科宝特种油剂有限公司 | Water-soluble cutting oil applied to cutting work and guide rail lubrication |
| CN104293469A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-01-21 | 青岛佰众化工技术有限公司 | Environmentally-friendly all-synthetic metal working fluid and preparation method thereof |
| CN104311974B (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2016-05-11 | 青岛鑫盈鑫包装材料有限公司 | Decanedioic acid triethanolamine salt gas-phase anti-rust master batch and its preparation method and application |
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| CN109536241A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-29 | 长春安旨科技有限公司 | A kind of biomimetic features water-based lubricating liquid |
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