CN102009388B - Miniature metal-based grinding wheel on-line electrolytic electric spark dressing device and method - Google Patents
Miniature metal-based grinding wheel on-line electrolytic electric spark dressing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102009388B CN102009388B CN2010105101212A CN201010510121A CN102009388B CN 102009388 B CN102009388 B CN 102009388B CN 2010105101212 A CN2010105101212 A CN 2010105101212A CN 201010510121 A CN201010510121 A CN 201010510121A CN 102009388 B CN102009388 B CN 102009388B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a miniature metal-based grinding wheel on-line electrolytic electric spark dressing device and a miniature metal-based grinding wheel on-line electrolytic electric spark dressing method, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical manufacturing. The device comprises a mechanical movement system, a power supply system, a working solution system and a control system. According to the characteristic that an electrode has loss during processing, a miniature grinding wheel serves as the electrode, so that a metal bonding agent on the grinding wheel electrode is influenced by electrolytic electric spark effect to be corroded, the grinding wheel is dressed, the dressing efficiency is high, damage to abrasive particles is small, the cost is low, and the device and the method are very suitable for off-line or on-line dressing of the miniature metal-based grinding wheel.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of devices and methods therefor of machinery manufacturing technology field, specifically is a kind of miniature emery wheel of Metal Substrate electrolysis electric spark shaving on the throne device and method for trimming thereof based on electrolysis electric spark effect.
Background technology
Little grinding is widely used in fields such as MEMS, biomedicine and Aero-Space.The miniature grinding wheel diameter that uses in little grinding is generally hundreds of microns to several millimeters, mainly is divided into electrodeposition-type emery wheel and slug type emery wheel.The electrodeposition-type emery wheel is to electroplate the last layer abrasive particle at matrix surface, and is cheap.But owing to have only one deck abrasive particle, so easy to wear in the processing, wheel life is short.The slug type emery wheel is formed by bond (being generally metal) and super-hard abrasive material sintering, after finishing, can use repeatedly, and the life-span is long.Yet how repairing this emery wheel but becomes a difficult problem.Common machine finish method for example uses saucer wheel to mill, roll extrusion etc., can cause big grinding force and grinding temperature, destroys abrasive particle.In addition, machine finish method efficient is lower, and the loss of trimmer is very big.For miniature emery wheel and microfabrication, machine finish also can cause the emery wheel plastic deformation, reduces little grinding accuracy.Non-traditional grinding wheel dressing method, like electric spark shaving, online electrolytic dressing and laser reconditioning can overcome the intrinsic defective of machine finish method, but the thing followed is high cost, for the such auxiliary process of miniature crushing and inapplicable.
As far back as 19th-century mid-term, there has been the scholar to find and studied electrolysis electric spark effect.Promptly in electrolytic process; The two poles of the earth of power supply are immersed in the electrolyte; If one of them electrode is very tiny, and supply voltage brings up to more than the 25V, and the great amount of bubbles that on this electrode, produces so can develop into fine and close gas-bearing formation and with electrode insulation; Make between electrode and the electrolyte because voltage difference generation discharge breakdown gas-bearing formation promptly so-called electrolysis electric spark effect.The electrolysis spark machined was at first proposed by Japanese scholar in nineteen sixty-eight, and it has been used to the microfabrication of materials such as glass, quartz, pottery.In the electrolysis spark machined, workpiece material and electrode all receive the influence of spark erosion and chemolysis.Electrode material is generally high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant conductive materials such as stainless steel, if use other metals (like copper etc.), electrode wear rate is very high.Yet, if with miniature emery wheel as electrode, just can utilize this export license to remove emery wheel metallic bond material, reach the purpose of crushing.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned deficiency that prior art exists, the miniature emery wheel of a kind of Metal Substrate electrolysis electric spark shaving on the throne device and method for trimming thereof are provided, on the basis of existing non-conducting material electrolysis spark erosion technique; Utilize lossy these characteristics of machined electrode; Do electrode with miniature emery wheel, remove, reach the purpose of crushing thereby make metallic bond on the emery wheel electrode lost by electrolysis electric spark effects; The inventive method dressing efficiency is high; Damage to abrasive particle is little, and is with low cost, is fit to very much the off-line or the finishing on the throne of micro metal base grinding wheel.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
The present invention relates to the miniature emery wheel of a kind of Metal Substrate electrolysis electric spark shaving on the throne device; Comprise: mechanism system, power-supply system, working fluid system and control system; Wherein: mechanism system is connected with the control system, accepts the motion control instruction information of control system and feeds back actual position information, and power-supply system is connected with mechanism system; Make miniature emery wheel become a utmost point of power supply; Another utmost point and the working fluid system of power-supply system are connected to form the electrochemical reaction loop, and power-supply system is used for energy to reaction being provided, and working fluid system is used for ion and dielectric to reaction being provided; The power parameter control instruction information that power-supply system is connected with the control system and accepts the control system, working fluid system are connected with the control system working solution status information are passed to the control system.
Described mechanism system comprises: high-speed rotary main shaft and three cover straight line slide units; Wherein: high-speed rotary main shaft comprises: rotating mechanism, motor, frequency converter and cooling and lubricating device, rotating mechanism are connected with electromechanics and by motor-driven, motor is connected with frequency converter; Frequency Converter Control rotating speed of motor and moment of torsion etc.; Cooling and lubricating device is connected with rotating mechanism through pipeline, and air and mist of oil are sprayed into rotating mechanism, realizes rotating mechanism cooling and lubricated; The straight line slide unit comprises straight-line motion mechanism, stepper motor and stepper motor driver; Wherein: straight-line motion mechanism and stepper motor mechanical connection also realize that by step motor drive straight line moves; Stepper motor is connected with stepper motor driver, position, speed and the acceleration etc. of stepper motor driver control step motor; Three cover straight line slide unit quadratures are installed, and realize that the parallel of three-dimensional of high-speed rotary main shaft moved, and high-speed rotary main shaft vertically is installed in downwards on the straight line slide unit of vertical direction.
Described rotating mechanism is made up of rotor, stator and bearing.
Described cooling and lubricating device is made up of air pump, lubricating oil, filter.
The linear moving mechanism that described straight line slide unit is made up of guide rail, slide block, leading screw and linear bearing.
Described power-supply system comprises: dc source and auxiliary electrode, and wherein: a utmost point of dc source is connected to mechanism system, makes miniature emery wheel become power supply one utmost point, and another utmost point is connected to auxiliary electrode; Auxiliary electrode places the electrolyte of working fluid system.
Described auxiliary electrode is that anticorrosive conductive material is processed.
Described working fluid system comprises: work tank and electrolyte, wherein: work tank is placed horizontally in the scope of the removable arrival of mechanism system, and electrolyte is contained in the work tank, and work tank is processed by corrosion-resistant material.
Described electrolyte is strong base solution, mixes by a certain percentage with water like NaOH or potassium hydroxide.
Described control system comprises: Programmable Logic Controller, guidance panel, control circuit, emery wheel Status Monitor and working solution Status Monitor; Wherein: Programmable Logic Controller is carried out the program that writes in advance and is realized the real-time control to each system; Programmable Logic Controller is connected with guidance panel, and transmission operation and demonstration information; Programmable Logic Controller is connected with control circuit, realizes the closed and disconnected of circuit, circuit protection; Programmable Logic Controller is connected with the emery wheel Status Monitor, and transmission emery wheel status information, and the emery wheel Status Monitor has multiple mounting means according to the signal object difference of keeping watch on; The working solution Status Monitor is installed in the work tank of working fluid system, and Programmable Logic Controller is connected with the working solution Status Monitor, and transmission working solution status information.
The present invention relates to the method for trimming on the throne of said apparatus, may further comprise the steps:
The first step, miniature emery wheel is installed on the high-speed main spindle of mechanism system and carries out little grinding;
Second the step, when emery wheel need be repaired; Stop grinding; The straight line slide unit of mechanism system miniature emery wheel is moved to working fluid system work tank the top and auxiliary electrode is immersed in the electrolyte, link to each other with dc power anode, the negative pole of dc source is connected to the high-speed main spindle of mechanism system; Make miniature emery wheel become power cathode, during keep liquid level of electrolyte steady;
The 3rd step, mechanism system move down miniature emery wheel, and slowing down during near liquid level of electrolyte slowly moves down, and when touching liquid level, stops to move;
Electrolysis electric spark phenomenon takes place in the 4th step, closed finishing power supply on the machined surface of emery wheel, grinding wheel bond material and the workpiece material that adheres to are removed gradually and exposed abrasive particle.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is applied to electrolysis electric spark effect in the finishing of little abrasive grinding wheel, has following significant advantage: (1) dressing efficiency is high.Utilize the heat etching effect of spark and the electrochemical reaction of chemical solution and metallic bond to realize the removal of metallic bond material in the finishing simultaneously, have higher material removing rate.(2) dressing quality is high.The form accuracy of dressing process is guaranteed by horizontal liquid level.Dressing process is that selectively material is removed.The bond material of general emery wheel is metal (copper alloy etc.), receives the influence of electrolysis electric spark effect to be prone to be removed.And abrasive particulate material is generally diamond or cubic boron, and is both non-conductive, also is not vulnerable to the influence of environment temperature and chemical attack.So in the removed while of metallic bond, abrasive particulate material is able to remain intact.Emery wheel finishing on the throne, the position error of effectively having avoided the secondary clamping to bring.(3) control flexibly.Can wait through the degree of depth, voltage, concentration of electrolyte, the finishing time that change the emery wheel submergence and adjust trim process.Especially can change the effect of finishing through change voltage, very convenient.(4) with low cost, economical and practical.This method is simple and practical, and other non-traditional method for trimming (like electric spark shaving) relatively use common low-tension supply and need not special-purpose spark pulse power, closed-loop control that again need not anode-cathode distance.The more important thing is,, and then saved the cost of truing electrode loss and the man-hour of truing electrode equating greatly because this method utilizes electrolyte as truing electrode.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the high-speed rotary main shaft sketch map.
Fig. 3 is a straight line slide unit sketch map.
Fig. 4 is power-supply system and working fluid system sketch map.
Fig. 5 is the control system schematic.
The specific embodiment
Elaborate in the face of embodiments of the invention down, present embodiment provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment being to implement under the prerequisite with technical scheme of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1; Present embodiment comprises: mechanism system 1, power-supply system 2, working fluid system 3 and control system 4; Wherein: mechanism system 1 is connected with control system 4, accepts the motion control instruction information of control system 4 and feeds back actual position information, and power-supply system 2 is connected with mechanism system 1; Make miniature emery wheel become a utmost point of power supply; Another utmost point and the working fluid system 3 of power-supply system 2 are connected to form the electrochemical reaction loop, and power-supply system 2 is used for energy to reaction being provided, and working fluid system is used for ion and dielectric to reaction being provided; The power parameter control instruction information that power-supply system 2 is connected with control system 4 and accepts control system 4, working fluid system 3 are connected with control system 4 the working solution status information are passed to control system 4.
Described mechanism system 1 comprises: high-speed rotary main shaft 5 and three cover straight line slide units 6, wherein:
As shown in Figure 2; Described high-speed rotary main shaft 5 comprises: rotating mechanism 7, motor 8, frequency converter 9 and cooling and lubricating device 10, and wherein: rotating mechanism 7 drives with motor 8 mechanical connections and by motor 8, and motor 8 is connected with frequency converter 9; The rotating speed and the moment of torsion of frequency converter 9 control motors 8; Cooling and lubricating device 10 is connected with rotating mechanism 7 through pipeline, and air and mist of oil are sprayed into rotating mechanism 7, realizes rotating mechanism 7 coolings and lubricated;
As shown in Figure 3; Described straight line slide unit 6 comprises: straight-line motion mechanism 11, stepper motor 12 and stepper motor driver 13; Wherein: straight-line motion mechanism 11 drives with stepper motor 12 mechanical connections and by stepper motor 12 and realizes that straight line moves; Stepper motor 12 is connected with stepper motor driver 13, position, speed and the acceleration etc. of stepper motor driver 13 control step motors 12; Three cover straight line slide units, 6 quadratures are installed, and realize that the parallel of three-dimensional of high-speed rotary main shaft 5 moved, and high-speed rotary main shaft 5 vertically is installed on the straight line slide unit 6 of vertical direction downwards.
Described rotating mechanism 7 is made up of rotor 14, stator 15 and bearing 16.
Described cooling and lubricating device 10 is made up of air pump 17, lubricating oil 18, filter 19.
The linear moving mechanism that described straight line slide unit 6 is made up of guide rail 20, slide block 21, leading screw 22 and linear bearing 23.
As shown in Figure 4, described power-supply system 2 comprises: dc source 24 and auxiliary electrode 25, and wherein: a utmost point of dc source 24 is connected to mechanism system 1, makes miniature emery wheel become power supply one utmost point, and another utmost point is connected to auxiliary electrode 25; Auxiliary electrode 25 places the electrolyte of working fluid system 3.
Described auxiliary electrode is that anticorrosive conductive material is processed.
Described working fluid system 3 comprises: work tank 26 and electrolyte 27, wherein: work tank is placed horizontally in the scope of mechanism system 1 removable arrival, and electrolyte is contained in the work tank, and work tank is processed by corrosion-resistant material.
Described electrolyte is strong base solution, mixes by a certain percentage with water like NaOH or potassium hydroxide.
As shown in Figure 5; Described control system 4 comprises: Programmable Logic Controller 28, guidance panel 29, control circuit 30, emery wheel Status Monitor 31 and working solution Status Monitor 32; Wherein: Programmable Logic Controller 28 is carried out the program that writes in advance and is realized the real-time control to each system; Programmable Logic Controller 28 is connected with guidance panel 29, and transmission operation and demonstration information; Programmable Logic Controller 28 is connected with control circuit 30, realizes the closed and disconnected of circuit, circuit protection; Programmable Logic Controller 28 is connected with emery wheel Status Monitor 31, and transmission emery wheel status information, and emery wheel Status Monitor 31 has multiple mounting means according to the signal object difference of keeping watch on; Working solution Status Monitor 32 is installed in the work tank 26 of working fluid system 3, and Programmable Logic Controller 28 is connected with working solution Status Monitor 32, and transmission working solution status information.
The method for trimming on the throne of this device may further comprise the steps:
The first step, miniature emery wheel is installed on the high-speed main spindle of mechanism system 1 and carries out little grinding.Work in-process utilizes sensor monitoring emery wheel state, through algorithm process, gives the emery wheel state evaluation with the signal that collects.When the emery wheel state evaluation hanged down, interrupting little grinding and alert needed trimming wheel.Otherwise continue processing.
Second the step, when emery wheel need be repaired, stop grinding, the straight line slide unit 6 of mechanism system 1 moves to miniature emery wheel the top of the work tank of working fluid system 3.Auxiliary electrode is immersed in the electrolyte, links to each other with dc power anode.The negative pole of dc source is connected to the high-speed main spindle of mechanism system 1, makes miniature emery wheel become power cathode.The liquid level of electrolyte held stationary of trying one's best.
The 3rd step, mechanism system 1 move down miniature emery wheel, slow down during near liquid level of electrolyte, change into slowly moving down.When touching liquid level, mobile stopping, this moment, the machined surface of emery wheel contacted with liquid level of electrolyte just.The degree of depth of emery wheel submergence liquid level can be adjusted according to actual conditions.The finishing parameter is set on the guidance panel of control system 4,, repairs ready like on-load voltage and finishing time etc.
Electrolysis electric spark phenomenon takes place in the 4th step, closed finishing power supply on the machined surface of emery wheel.Like this, the grinding wheel bond material is removed with the workpiece material that adheres to gradually, exposes abrasive particle, reaches the purpose of crushing.
After the 5th step, finishing are accomplished, cut off the electricity supply, the straight line slide unit 6 of mechanism system 1 drives emery wheel and is moved upwards up to home, and the negative pole of disconnection dc source is connected with the high-speed main spindle of mechanism system 1.Miniature emery wheel is got back to original grinding district, continues to accomplish the grinding task.Repeatedly after the finishing, the electrolyte state descends, and control system 4 detects, and prompting needs to change electrolyte.
With the miniature emery wheel of electrolysis electric spark off-line finishing copper bond polycrystalline diamond is example.The miniature emery wheel that uses in the processing is the copper bond polycrystalline diamond emery wheel of a diameter as 0.75mm, abrasive particle size 220.Power supply 24 be a low-voltage dc power supply (0-32V, 300W), its utmost point is connected to emery wheel through main shaft, another utmost point is connected to auxiliary electrode 25, auxiliary electrode material is a graphite.The grinding workpiece places on the workbench, can proceed little grinding after finishing finishes.Behind miniature abrasion of grinding wheel, use electrolysis electric spark method trimming wheel, with before the finishing with finishing after surface topography and grinding force compare.Surface topography is used observation by light microscope, measures roughness with surface profiler; Grinding force uses the piezoelectric type dynamometer to measure.
The parameter that the embodiment grinding is used is following:
Select following finishing parameter for use:
Before the finishing: the wheel grinding surface wear is serious, and abrasive particle is covered by bond and workpiece material.The surface of the work out-of-flatness, and with the grinding burn vestige, surface roughness is Ra 0.77.Axial grinding force is about 1.6N in the processing.
The finishing back: the bond material is removed, and exposes abrasive particle, and abrasive particle is intact.Surface of the work is smooth, does not have the burn vestige, and surface roughness is Ra 0.39.Axial grinding force is reduced to 0.8N in the processing, and crudy significantly improves.
Through the contrast experiment, visible new miniature grinding wheel dressing method and corresponding system of processing based on electrolysis electric spark effect can effectively be improved the emery wheel state, improves crudy and emery wheel service life.
Claims (2)
1. the miniature emery wheel of Metal Substrate electrolysis electric spark shaving on the throne device; It is characterized in that, comprising: mechanism system, power-supply system, working fluid system and control system, wherein: mechanism system is connected with the control system; Accept the motion control instruction information of control system and feed back actual position information; Power-supply system is connected with mechanism system, makes miniature emery wheel become a utmost point of power supply, and another utmost point and the working fluid system of power-supply system are connected to form the electrochemical reaction loop; Power-supply system is used for energy to reaction being provided; Working fluid system is used for ion and dielectric to reaction being provided, and the power parameter control instruction information that power-supply system is connected with the control system and accepts the control system, working fluid system are connected with the control system working solution status information is passed to the control system;
Described mechanism system comprises: high-speed rotary main shaft and three cover straight line slide units; Wherein: high-speed rotary main shaft comprises: rotating mechanism, motor, frequency converter and cooling and lubricating device, rotating mechanism are connected with electromechanics and by motor-driven, motor is connected with frequency converter; Frequency Converter Control rotating speed of motor and moment of torsion; Cooling and lubricating device is connected with rotating mechanism through pipeline, and air and mist of oil are sprayed into rotating mechanism, realizes rotating mechanism cooling and lubricated; The straight line slide unit comprises straight-line motion mechanism, stepper motor and stepper motor driver; Wherein: straight-line motion mechanism and stepper motor mechanical connection also realize that by step motor drive straight line moves; Stepper motor is connected with stepper motor driver, position, speed and the acceleration of stepper motor driver control step motor; Three cover straight line slide unit quadratures are installed, and realize that the parallel of three-dimensional of high-speed rotary main shaft moved, and high-speed rotary main shaft vertically is installed in downwards on the straight line slide unit of vertical direction;
Described power-supply system comprises: dc source and auxiliary electrode, and wherein: a utmost point of dc source is connected to mechanism system, makes miniature emery wheel become power supply one utmost point, and another utmost point is connected to auxiliary electrode; Auxiliary electrode places the electrolyte of working fluid system;
Described working fluid system comprises: work tank and electrolyte, and wherein: work tank is placed horizontally in the scope of the removable arrival of mechanism system, and electrolyte is contained in the work tank, and work tank is processed by corrosion-resistant material;
Described control system comprises: Programmable Logic Controller, guidance panel, control circuit, emery wheel Status Monitor and working solution Status Monitor; Wherein: Programmable Logic Controller is carried out the program that writes in advance and is realized the real-time control to each system; Programmable Logic Controller is connected with guidance panel, and transmission operation and demonstration information; Programmable Logic Controller is connected with control circuit, realizes the closed and disconnected of circuit, circuit protection; Programmable Logic Controller is connected with the emery wheel Status Monitor, and transmission emery wheel status information, and the emery wheel Status Monitor has multiple mounting means according to the signal object difference of keeping watch on; The working solution Status Monitor is installed in the work tank of working fluid system, and Programmable Logic Controller is connected with the working solution Status Monitor, and transmission working solution status information.
2. the electrolysis electric spark shaving method on the throne according to the said device of claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The first step, miniature emery wheel is installed on the high-speed rotary main shaft of mechanism system and carries out little grinding;
Second the step, when emery wheel need be repaired; Stop grinding; The straight line slide unit of mechanism system miniature emery wheel is moved to working fluid system work tank the top and auxiliary electrode is immersed in the electrolyte, link to each other with dc power anode, the negative pole of dc source is connected to the high-speed main spindle of mechanism system; Make miniature emery wheel become power cathode, during keep liquid level of electrolyte steady;
The 3rd step, mechanism system move down miniature emery wheel, and slowing down during near liquid level of electrolyte slowly moves down, and when touching liquid level, stops to move;
Electrolysis electric spark phenomenon takes place in the 4th step, closed finishing power supply on the machined surface of emery wheel, grinding wheel bond material and the workpiece material that adheres to are removed gradually and exposed abrasive particle.
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| CN2010105101212A CN102009388B (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2010-10-15 | Miniature metal-based grinding wheel on-line electrolytic electric spark dressing device and method |
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| CN2010105101212A CN102009388B (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2010-10-15 | Miniature metal-based grinding wheel on-line electrolytic electric spark dressing device and method |
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| CN102009388B true CN102009388B (en) | 2012-08-22 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
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| CN103624684A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-12 | 湖南大学 | Electrospark trimming device for metal binding agent superabrasive formed grinding wheel for sawtooth processing |
| CN103862380B (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2016-06-01 | 上海交通大学 | The few axle grinding of optical mirror plane tilts cambered surface grinding wheel error and analyzes and make-up system |
| CN105150105B (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2018-08-31 | 成都精密光学工程研究中心 | The offline electrolytic dressing device of optical element grinding skive and its dressing method |
| CN107263323B (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-01-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ball-end grinding wheel dressing method in place when superfine grinding special-shaped thin wall structural member |
| CN109454558A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-12 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | A kind of the wheel dress device and wheel dress method of EDM Grinding |
| CN110181403A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-08-30 | 华南理工大学 | Sword device and method is repaired in a kind of pulsed discharge of micro- bistrique edge abrasive grain |
| CN110625482A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2019-12-31 | 河南科技大学 | Grinding wheel dressing device of bearing ring raceway grinding machine |
| CN113021190A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-25 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Arc-shaped grinding wheel electric spark dressing device for metal binder |
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| JP3894474B2 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2007-03-22 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | Combined grinding machine using loose abrasive grains |
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