CN102008024B - Application of hexadienoic acid in preparation of pig feed additive for improving pig quality - Google Patents
Application of hexadienoic acid in preparation of pig feed additive for improving pig quality Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides application of hexadienoic acid in preparation of pig feed additive and pig feed, which is novel important application of the hexadienoic acid, and can be applied to preparation of the pig feed additive or the pig feed. The pig feed added with the hexadienoic acid is a safe feed, and does not contain substances which are toxic or harmful to growth and health of pigs. Compared with conventional feed additives, the pig feed additive can effectively improve the pork quality while improving the secretion level of blood insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) by the specificity of the pig feed additive and improving the growing performance of the pigs, so that the slaughtering speed can be increased, the grade of meat products can be improved, and the pork products have higher market values. In the application, additive amount of the hexadienoic acid is small, and can be directly added into premix, the adding process is convenient and rapid, and the preparation method is simple without special requirement for equipment, so the hexadienoic acid has quite wide popularization and application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of feed additive technology, be specifically related to hexadienoic acid at application and the pig feed that contains hexadienoic acid of preparation aspect the pig feed additive.
Background technology
Feed addictive is for some special requirement; The material that in various cooperations or mixed fodder, adds artificially with different purposes; Its effect is nutrition perfect and fortified feed, promotes pig growth and development, prevent disease, the utilization rate of raising feed and the quality of meat product etc.Along with subject development such as animal nutrition, physiology, thremmatology, biochemistry, biotechnology, pharmacology, microbiologies; Present feed addictive has merged each subject and multiple technologies, and its function, kind and application have obtained huge expansion; On the other hand, along with growth in the living standard, the consumer has had higher requirement to meat quality, through the feed addictive approach, can improve the appearance luster and the interior quality of livestock products, prolongs the shelf life and the selling price of livestock products.Therefore, the new feed addictive of developmental research is extremely important, effectively improves the carcass quality of animal when reducing feed cost to guarantee to be implemented in, and guarantees the quality safety of livestock products.
Hexadienoic acid is a kind of straight chain fatty acid that contains conjugated unsaturated bonds; Have strong fungistatic effect and without any side effects, be widely used in food industry, health medicine at present, chemical industry, feed industry field body; Receive the favor of countries in the world; Be considered to one of safest additive, but existing achievement in research all be with hexadienoic acid as being applied to feed addictive as anticorrisive agent and acidulant, for example " add in the corn silage material AMS and hexadienoic acid are grown to meat calf and the influence of carcass quality "; The feed wide-angle; 1991 (2): 27-31), reported hexadienoic acid is added on the technical scheme in the corn greenfeed of ox as anticorrisive agent, and do not found that hexadienoic acid has the effect that promotes ox to grow and improve meat quality.At present relevant hexadienoic acid still belongs to blank at present to the correlative study of growing with the effect of meat quality aspect of pig, and no correlation technique is reported.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of the existing application technology of hexadienoic acid, a kind of new application of hexadienoic acid is provided, widen the range of application of hexadienoic acid.The present invention has excavated its multiple effect in the health pig body, and hexadienoic acid is added in the pig feed, can improve growth performance and the meat quality of pig.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of new pig feed.
A further object of the invention provides the preparation method of said new pig feed.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through following technical scheme:
The present invention sums up through a large amount of research experiments and obtains the application of hexadienoic acid in the preparation pig feed additive, is used to prepare pig feed additive.Said pig feed additive can be brought into play multiple effect in the health pig body, effectively improve the growth performance of pig and improve the meat matter of pig.
The present invention is through animal feeding test, slaughter experiment and cell culture test, and research is summed up and obtained the new application of hexadienoic acid as feed addictive.In the basal diet of pig, add hexadienoic acid, can significantly improve growth performance and the meat matter of pig, like the average daily gain and the average daily ingestion amount that improve pig, increase the marble grain scoring, improve yellowish pink and be waterpower, improve the level of circulation IGF-I etc.; On the other hand, through to the isolated liver cell culture experiment,, the secretion that obtains hexadienoic acid and can promote IGF-I, the effect of raising IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF-IR expression of gene aspect are summed up in research.Result of study of the present invention shows that hexadienoic acid influences growth performance and the meat matter of pig through the IGF-I approach.
The invention provides a kind of new pig feed, comprise hexadienoic acid and conventional feedstuff.
Preferably, the amount that contains hexadienoic acid in the new pig feed according to the invention is: 0.5-4kg/ ton feed, preferred 4kg hexadienoic acid/ton feed.Hexadienoic acid is the white powder material, and use amount is less, should use the packaged preservation of sealing bag after using.
The present invention provides the preparation method of said pig feed simultaneously, may further comprise the steps:
(1) weighing hexadienoic acid;
(2) hexadienoic acid is mixed with feed premix raw material obtain premix; Or be mixed and made into pre-mixing agent with carrier;
(3) step (2) is mixed premix or the pre-mixing agent obtain and is mixed with the complete feed raw material, makes complete feed.
The said hexadienoic acid of step (2) mixes with feed premix raw material can adopt conventional small-sized mixing apparatus, and said feed premix raw material is with reference to routine, but preferred vitamin or mineral substance premix;
The said carrier of step (3) is wheat bran or corn flour or stone flour etc.; Premix or pre-mixing agent mix with the complete feed raw material can adopt conventional large-scale mixing disintegrating apparatus, and said complete feed raw material comprises corn, dregs of beans, fish meal or other assorted dregs of rice type daily ration etc. with reference to routine.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the invention provides a kind of important new application of hexadienoic acid.Hexadienoic acid was used and livestock and poultry cultivation production mainly as anticorrisive agent and acidulant in the past; But the present invention provides release that hexadienoic acid can also promote porcine hepatocyte IGF-I first, improve average daily gain, reduce the feed consumption weightening finish than, improve the effect of meat quality, significant to the development swine rearing.
(2) the invention provides a kind of new pig feed, the pig feed that has added hexadienoic acid is a kind of safe feed, and it does not contain swinery growth and the healthy poisonous and hazardous material of swinery.Generally; The oxidative metabolism approach of hexadienoic acid in animal body is identical with other aliphatic acid; Can get into cell mitochondrial and carry out beta-oxidation,, can not produce adverse effect people and surrounding environment for body provides energy; Compare with general feed addictive, it also can play the effect that improves meat matter when improving the swinery growth performance.
(3) pig feed of interpolation hexadienoic acid according to the invention can be accelerated the speed of growth of pig, improves the feed palatability, improves local flavor, mouthfeel and the quality etc. of pork, thus the speed that quickening is delivered for sale, and the class of raising meat product makes it have higher market value.After hexadienoic acid in the feed gets in the pig body; Raise the expression of IGF-I, promote the raising of the synthetic and growth performance of body protein, on the other hand; What improve pork product is waterpower, tender degree and acidity; Thereby cause the mouthfeel of pork and local flavor to be greatly improved, finally reach the purpose of improving meat matter, make pork product on market, have certain advantage.
(4) hexadienoic acid addition of the present invention is less, can directly add in the premix, and the interpolation process convenient is quick, and the preparation method is simple, does not have especial equipment requirements, has good popularization and application prospect.
Description of drawings
Time and the dosage effect that Fig. 1 hexadienoic acid influences former generation piglet liver cell IGF-I secretion be figure as a result
Fig. 2 hexadienoic acid is to the figure as a result that influences of former generation piglet IGF-I mRNA expression
Fig. 3 hexadienoic acid is to the figure as a result that influences of former generation piglet IGF-II mRNA expression
Fig. 4 hexadienoic acid is to the figure as a result that influences of former generation piglet IGF-IR mRNA expression
Fig. 5 hexadienoic acid is to the figure as a result that influences of former generation piglet GHR mRNA expression
Fig. 6 hexadienoic acid is to the figure as a result that influences of former generation piglet IGFBP-1 mRNA expression
Fig. 7 hexadienoic acid is to the figure as a result that influences of former generation piglet IGFBP-2 mRNA expression
Fig. 8 hexadienoic acid is to the figure as a result that influences of former generation piglet IGFBP-3 mRNA expression
Fig. 9 hexadienoic acid is to the figure as a result that influences of former generation piglet IGFBP-4 mRNA expression
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment further explain the present invention.Employed test method and equipment are conventional method like no specified otherwise among the following embodiment; Employed raw material like no specified otherwise, is the raw material that can obtain from commercial sources.
(1) weighing hexadienoic acid (present embodiment adopts the hexadienoic acid of C6 medium chain conjugation, also can adopt commercial other to be used to produce the hexadienoic acid of additive);
(2) according to the amount of 0.5～4kg hexadienoic acid/ton feed hexadienoic acid is mixed with feed premix raw material and obtain premix; Or be mixed and made into pre-mixing agent with carrier; Said hexadienoic acid mixes with feed premix raw material can adopt conventional small-sized mixing apparatus, and the selection of said feed premix raw material and carrier and consumption be with reference to routine, selected vitamin or mineral substance premix; Said carrier is wheat bran, corn flour or stone flour etc.;
(3) step (2) is mixed the premix or the pre-mixing agent that obtain and mix, make complete feed with the complete feed raw material.Premix or pre-mixing agent mix with the complete feed raw material can adopt conventional large-scale mixing disintegrating apparatus, and said complete feed raw material is with reference to routine, the corn of optional pulverizing, dregs of beans, fish meal or other assorted dregs of rice type daily ration.
Hexadienoic acid is the white powder material, and use amount is less, should use the packaged preservation of sealing bag after using.Weigh with scale before hexadienoic acid uses, add according to a certain percentage, at first mix with premix after weighing is intact, or direct and carrier is mixed and made into pre-mixing agent with small-sized mixing apparatus.Just get into after premix is processed in the large-scale mixing disintegrating apparatus and mix, process complete feed with the primary raw material of complete diet pellets such as the corn of pulverizing, dregs of beans.
In order to study the effect of hexadienoic acid as feed addictive, respectively at 2006 in Guangzhou power intelligence agricultural Co., Ltd pig farm and 2008 in Hubei the EmilZatopek boar Co., Ltd sound field of raising pigs carried out feeding experiment twice.Testing for the first time swinery is ternary assorted (Du grows up), and initial average weight is 6.8 kilograms, and it is raised stage definitions is weanling pig; For the second time testing swinery is purebred big York, and initial average weight is 30 kilograms, and it is raised stage definitions for fattening early stage.
The test phase of raising is in advance adjusted swinery, and approaching according to body weight, public female half and half ratio is divided into 4 groups at random, every group of 3 repetitions, and each repeats 20.Control group, the basal diet of feeding; Test group is added 4kg hexadienoic acid/ton feed in basal diet.The record swinery search for food and the serum biochemistry index of swinery is measured in weightening finish situation and blood sampling.Swinery search for food and the situation result of weightening finish sees the following form 1～2.
Table 1 hexadienoic acid is to the weanling pig (influence of 6～16kg) growth performances
Table 2 hexadienoic acid is to the growing and fattening pigs (influence of 30～50kg) growth performances in early stage
Annotate: data are represented with Mean ± SE.The data shoulder is marked between same column does not have letter or identical lowercase alphabet differential different not remarkable (P＞0.05) is arranged, and no same letter is represented significant difference (P＜0.05), down together.
1, to the influence of average daily gain
For the first time test the average daily gain test group and all be significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05); The average daily gain of testing for the second time test group is higher than control group, and difference is remarkable (P＞0.05) not.The result shows that hexadienoic acid significantly improves weanling pig average daily gain 34g/d, improves growing and fattening pigs average daily gain in early stage 19g/d.
2, to the influence of average daily ingestion amount
The first time tests average daily ingestion amount test group and control group is more or less the same; For the second time test average daily ingestion amount test group and be higher than control group, difference is remarkable (P＞0.05) not.The result shows that hexadienoic acid can improve the average daily ingestion amount 90g/d of fattening pig in early stage, but does not influence the average daily ingestion amount of weanling pig.
3, to the influence of feed conversion rate
Test for the first time the feed consumption weightening finish and all significantly be lower than control group (P＜0.05), under the relevant little situation of feed intake, significantly improved the conversion ratio of feed than test group; Test for the second time the feed consumption weightening finish and be higher than control group than test group, difference is remarkable (P＞0.05) not.The result shows, adds hexadiene in the feed for reducing the weaning pigs anharmonic ratio, and it is very resultful reducing feed cost.Though expect that anharmonic ratio has improved early stage, also improve average daily gain simultaneously, thereby promote the growth of pig in fattening.
Test shows, adds hexadienoic acid in the feed and can improve the growth performance of pig.
Test swinery and test method are with embodiment 2.
In order to observe the influence of hexadienoic acid to the metabolism of serum fat, protein metabolism and the hormonal readiness of pig; It is individual to choose the approaching pig of body weight for the first time after the test, and each repeats to select 2, carries out the vena cava anterior blood drawing; Centrifugation serum; Each item serum index is measured, comprised triglycerides, T-CHOL, total protein, urea nitrogen, IGF-I and cortisol, the result sees table 3.
Table 3 hexadienoic acid is to the influence of piglet blood biochemical indicator and hormonal readiness
Annotate: IGF-I refers to type-1 insulin like growth factor
1, to lipometabolic influence
Can know that by table 3 serum triglyceride of test group significantly all is higher than control group (P＜0.05); The T-CHOL of same test group also is higher than control group, and difference is remarkable (P＞0.05) not.Presentation of results, daily ration adds the fat metabolism status that hexadienoic acid can influence piglet lipids contents and body.
2, to proteometabolic influence
The total serum protein of test group is significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05), and the urea nitrogen of test group then is lower than control group, and difference is remarkable (P＞0.05) not.The result shows that hexadienoic acid has produced certain influence to the metabolism of protein, and the clear protein utilization rate of the descension theory of urea nitrogen improves, and this is consistent with the raising of growth performance.
3, to the influence of hormonal readiness
The IGF-I level of test group has improved 31% with respect to control group, and cortisol levels has then reduced.The result shows that hexadienoic acid has significant effects to the blood hormonal readiness, because IGF-I can promote the synthetic and growth performance of protein in body to improve, infers that hexadienoic acid has certain relation to the secretion of IGF-I.
Embodiment 4 hexadienoic acids are to the influence of former generation piglet liver cell IGF-I secretion
In order further to study the relation of hexadienoic acid and IGF-I; Adopt three step of improvement original position perfusion method; Separate piglet liver cell (porcine hepatocyte of this experimental example cultivation derives from the same swinery of the foregoing description), purifying is also cultivated, and observes dosage and the time effect of hexadienoic acid to liver cell secretion IGF-I; And the influence of growth axis mRNA expression, experimental result is seen shown in accompanying drawing 1～accompanying drawing 9.
The time of accompanying drawing 1 former generation piglet liver cell IGF-I secretion for hexadienoic acid influences and dosage effect be figure as a result, and accompanying drawing 2～accompanying drawing 9 is respectively the influence of hexadienoic acid to IGFs gene expression.Can know that from accompanying drawing 1～accompanying drawing 9 100 μ M hexadienoic acids are handled the secretion (P＜0.05) that 6h, 24h and 48h all can significantly improve liver cell IGF-I; Simultaneously, hexadienoic acid can raise the expression of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF-IR mRNA, for combining protein I GFBP1-6 mRNA differential expression not remarkable (P＞0.05).The result shows that hexadienoic acid can promote the secretion of liver cell IGF-I and the expression of mRNA.Can know through this research: hexadienoic acid all shows the facilitation to IGF-I on integral animal level, cellular level and molecular level.
Embodiment 4 hexadienoic acids are to the influence of fattening meat quality
Test swinery and test method are with embodiment 2.
Add the influence of hexadienoic acid in order further to observe feed to meat quality.When the second time, feeding experiment finished, select to be in 12 of pigs about average weight, each repeats one (respectively 6 of test group and control groups), carries out slaughter experiment in slaughterhouse, Wen Shi Ruichang, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province, measures its carcass trait and meat matter proterties.The result sees shown in the table 4.
Table 4 hexadienoic acid is to the influence of fattening meat quality
1, hexadienoic acid is to the influence of growing and fattening pigs carcass trait
Can know from table 4; Test group and control group are relatively; Carcass weight, body are directly long, body is tiltedly long and eye muscle area has improved 3.00%, 3.31%, 4.65% and 6.13% respectively, and the thickness of backfat that shoulder thickness, aft rib place and waist are recommended the junction has reduced by 18.3%, 18.3% and 20.2% respectively.The result shows that hexadienoic acid has improved the build and reduction its thickness of backfat (relevant with lean meat percentage) of pig, and this possibly increase relevant with the IGF-I secretion of test group.
2, hexadienoic acid is to fattening the improvement of meat quality
In several indexs of definition meat matter, the drip loss of test group meat sample, yellowish pink scoring and marble grain scoring all are better than control group, and the drip loss test group is than control group low 24.31%.All within normal yellowish pink scope, it is little to be correlated with for yellowish pink scoring test group and control group; With chromascope to yellowish pink a value measure; The a value is represented yellowish pink scarlet degree, is also representing intramuscular pigment content, and a value is directly proportional with yellowish pink scarlet degree; The a value of test group is higher by 6.18% than control group, and this explanation test group meat appearance color has scarlet trend.What the marble grain scoring was showed is the content of fat between intramuscular fat and flesh; The marbled degree of depth and intramuscular fat are proportionate; Kind is careful more; The ratio of invisible intramuscular fat is big more in the more high-grade pork of meat, and is higher by 12.50% than control group through the marble grain scoring of qualification test group; The tender degree of test group is littler by 22.62% than control group, and tender degree is relevant with the texture and the hydrophilic power of meat, and texture is thinner, and the meat that hydrophilic power is stronger is tenderer.PH of experimental groups lacks 21.81% than control group decline in 24 hours; The muscle glycogen that pig kills in the muscle of back generates lactic acid, descends with the pH (acidity) of the accumulation muscle of lactic acid in the muscle through the glycolysis of anaerobic metabolism approach, the degree that pH descends to yellowish pink, be that waterpower, soluble protein concentration, shelf life length all have a significant effect.These data show that test group meat sample matter is better than control group.Comprehensive drip loss, yellowish pink, marble grain, tender degree and acidity etc. influence the index of meat merit, add hexadienoic acid in the feed meat tool is improved significantly.
Claims (2)
1. hexadienoic acid improves the application in the feed addictive of meat quality in preparation, and the content that it is characterized in that said hexadienoic acid is 0.5～4kg/ ton feed.
2. improve the application in the feed addictive of meat quality according to the said hexadienoic acid of claim 1 in preparation, the content that it is characterized in that said hexadienoic acid is 4kg/ ton feed.
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Effective date of registration: 20230412 Address after: Factory 102, No. 70, Hongqi Central Road, Zhongluotan Town, Baiyun District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510080 Patentee after: Worman (Guangdong) Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 510642 No. five, 483 mountain road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Tianhe District Patentee before: SOUTH CHINA AGRICULTURAL University |