CN102002643B - Thermocouple protection tube resisting high temperature and corrosion and production method thereof - Google Patents
Thermocouple protection tube resisting high temperature and corrosion and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermocouple protection pipe resisting high temperature and corrosion and a production method thereof. The material of thermocouple protection pipe comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.2-0.4% of C, 0.4-0.6% of Si, 0.3-0.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.04% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S, 27-29% of Cr, 19-21% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.30% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.10% of V, less than or equal to 0.40% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.10% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.04% of Al, less than or equal to 0.05% of Re and the balance Fe and impurities, wherein the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.10%. The production method comprises the steps of preparing alloy steel and casting and moulding. Experiments prove that the service life of the thermocouple protected by the material of the thermocouple protection pipe is about 30 months.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of protecting tube, relate in particular to a kind of high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant protecting tube and working method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the progress of science and technology, temperature measurement technology is also developed rapidly, formed from put line, by line to face, from outward appearance to inner essence, development trend from wired to wireless.In contact and contactless two big series products, the contact thermocouple that has a large capacity and a wide range has obtained development fast in the technical development in modern times.But thermopair because of its stable performance, accurately and reliably, advantages such as wide, the signal teletransmission of simple in structure, easy to use, temperature-measuring range, in fields such as industrial production and scientific research, become most widely used temperature-sensing element.In its thermometric process, protecting tube is being brought into play important effect.The protective tube material property influences each item performance index such as thermopair permanent stability, work-ing life.The thermopair of particularly at high temperature working has the requirement of more increasing to its material.The Problem of Failure of the thermocouple sheath under the how economical and practical solution hot environment.According to the relevant data statistics, thermopair is in normal useful range, and the height of its spoilage directly depends on the excellence of protective tube material property.Therefore, protective tube is to influence the thermopair most critical factor in work-ing life in actual use.
Protecting tube mainly contains two kinds of purposes, and the one, prevent to suffer physical damage; The 2nd, the protection thermopair is avoided the harmful effect of measured medium chemical corrosion, not oxidated atmosphere or reducing atmosphere, and thermopair is near in its best atmosphere as far as possible.Therefore thermopair must be protected, and makes it not receive the infringement of bad atmosphere.Protecting tube can be divided into three kinds by its material:
(1) metal: physical strength height, good heat conductivity, application are very extensive, but working temperature is lower.
(2) nonmetal: how adopting during temperature survey more than 1000 ℃, resistance toheat is good, and poor, the poor thermal conductivity of pinking is difficult for installation and processing.
(3) sintering metal: because metal material mechanics intensity is high, but non-refractory; Non-metallic material are high temperature resistant, but physical strength is low.
At present, the process for making shell that adopts in the domestic lost-wax casting spare production has following 3 kinds: (1) sodium silicate shell; (2) composite shell; (3) silicasol case.The subject matter that above-mentioned three kinds of process for making shell exist is following:
1) sodium silicate binder inherent shortcoming is Na
2O content is high, and hot strength of investment shell, creep resisting ability are far away from silicasol case.The surface layer refractory materials has adopted silica sand (powder) in addition, and the precision castings quality is had very big influence; The shell working condition is poor, lacks strict production process and parameter control, because the severe corrosive of stiffening agent; Dust removal installation is simple and crude; Seldom there are constant temperature, constant humidity, dust separating production environment in the workshop, influences operations such as the coating preparation, sclerosis of shell and casting quality, air-dry, dewaxing, seldom by the strict control of the working specification of industry regulation; The temperature at the air-dry place of shell, humidity, wind speed etc. do not add control especially, so the quality accident of scrapping in batches takes place for be everlasting high and low temperature or plum rain season.
2) at present many factories use zirconium English powder and mullite powder instead with the 1st, 2 layer; Silicasol case; It is composite shell that backing layer still adopts original water glass type casing tech; Because backing layer has kept sodium silicate binder, so its shell is put in order hot strength, creep resisting ability is lower than silicasol case, the foundry goods of cast cun precision and form and position tolerance are all less than silicasol case; Ventilation property also not as the too late silicasol case of silicon sol type hot strength of investment shell, more is prone to cause waste product not as sodium silicate shell; Composite shell casting quality stability is better than water glass, but far away from silicasol case; Composite shell is because the high zirconium English powder of employing valency is made surface layer, and its shell cost is 4.5 times of sodium silicate shell, if backing layer adopts the mullite powder, its shell cost and silicasol case cost are very nearly the same, and the advantage of its cost is also not obvious.
3) cost of silicasol case is high, and its shell production cost is 8 times of sodium silicate shell, also exceeds 25% than low temperature wax silicasol case; Production cycle is identical with low temperature wax silicasol case, and is long more a lot of than water glass and composite shell; Warm liquid wax and high pressure wax during big part often will adopt in the production, the heavy wall wax-pattern is prone to puncture, and casting dimension accuracy is very not high.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, in order to overcome the deficiency of existing protective tube material, the invention provides a kind of high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant protecting tube and working method thereof.
The present invention adopts technological technical scheme:
A kind of high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant protecting tube, the weight percent that each of said thermocouple protection tube material becomes to be grouped into is following: C:0.2-0.4, Si:0.4-0.6, Mn:0.3-0.5 P≤0.04; S≤0.03, Cr:27-29, Ni:19-21, Mo≤0.30; V≤0.10, Ti≤0.40, Cu≤0.10, Al≤0.04; The add-on of Re≤0.05, surplus are Fe and impurity, and content of impurities≤0.10.
The relation with contents of said Cr and C is following: Cr/C=67.5-110.
A kind of working method of stating protecting tube, this method may further comprise the steps:
1) steel alloy preparation:
A, in induction furnace, add 304 stainless steel material and fully melt, add ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferrotianium and rare earth, and oxygen blast in alloy solution, charge composition control: P≤0. 04%, 0. 4%>=C>=0. 2%,
B, in reduction furnace, alloy solution is reduced, accomplishes the alloy steel refining,
C, with steel alloy 800-1060 ℃ the insulation 2-3h, 900-1000 ℃ of quenching air cooling is at 700-800 ℃ of tempering 8h;
2) casting: comprise system shell operation, the proportioning of coating type, coating is following in the system shell operation:
In the embodiment of the invention, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferrotianium and rare earth need oven dry before adding induction furnace, and bake out temperature is 500-650 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, the processing parameter of melting is: maturing temperature: 1050-1080 ℃, and roasting time:＞30 minutes, soaking time:＞20 minutes, smelting time:＞25min, teeming temperature: 1580-1600 ℃, every stove time of coming out of the stove should be less than 4 minutes.
In the embodiment of the invention, the process for making shell parameter is following:
。
In the embodiment of the invention, the system shell also comprises dewaxing, and dewaxing technique requires as follows:
Dewaxing vapor pressure 0.8-0.9Mpa reaches 0.56MPa pressure time＜14S, dewaxing time: 9-18min, and dewaxing should reach 1.0Mpa with steamer pressure, and the dewaxing still is carried out preheating 1-2 time.
In the embodiment of the invention, casting also comprises penetrates the wax operation, and processing requirement is following: room temperature: 25 ± 1 ℃; Wax cylinder temperature: 50-60 ℃, soaking time:＞12 hours, nozzle temperature: 50-60 ℃; Penetrate wax pressure: 1.0-6.0Mpa, wax-pattern time of repose after pressing＞4 hours.
In the embodiment of the invention; Casting also comprises group tree operation; Group tree processing requirement: 25 ± 1 ℃ of room temperatures, postwelding wax spare upper surface be apart from sprue cup upper limb minor increment＞90mm, postwelding wax-pattern spacing＞9mm; Ingate length 12-25mm, during perpendicular group next row's ingate can not exceed the die head low side.
In the embodiment of the invention, casting also comprises matting, and cleaning requires: scavenging solution and zero(ppm) water are pressed the 1:3 mixed; Scavenging period: 6-18S, the scavenging solution life-span:＜8000, behind the wax tree assembly welding; Leave standstill more than 15 minutes and can clean room temperature: 25 ± 1 ℃.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, C is the element of facilitating austenite, strengthening matrix, but at high temperature is prone to make carbide to separate out and polymerization at crystal boundary, and diminishes intensity, plasticity weldableness, the corrosion-resistant and oxidation-resistance of material; Cr can improve the oxidation-resistance and the erosion resistance of steel, reinforced ferrite, and the effect of Ni mainly is to facilitate and stable austenite; Increase hot strength, nickel and chromium are used and obtain good effect, and Si also can form blunt sull in steel; Thereby can improve oxidation-resistance greatly, and can partly replace chromium, reduce cost; RE can improve creep rupture strength and oxidation-resistance in austenitic steel, play in the Mn steel to promote austenitic formation, and Mo can increase the intensity and the hardness of steel; Particularly can improve the high temperature tensile strength and the hardness of steel; Obviously be superior to existing material through measuring the gentle mechanical behavior under high temperature of protecting tube usable material chamber of the present invention, antioxidant property also obviously is superior to existing other materials, the work-ing life of having improved protective tube;
2, casting is adopted in the production of protective tube, wherein makes the shell operation and need use ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol as the slip tackiness agent, with wax-pattern avidity wall; Dewaxing back shell is not easy to crack, has guaranteed quality of investment shell, has improved system shell speed; Reduced afterwards that substandard products produce in the operation, practiced thrift the energy;
3, in the production process of protective tube material, select melting material in the induction furnace for use, product purity is high after the melting, performance is good.
4, protecting tube material protection thermopair of the present invention is adopted in evidence, and work-ing life is about 30 months.
Embodiment
Explain further details in the face of the present invention down, following explanation only is exemplary, does not limit protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant protecting tube, the weight percent that each of said thermocouple protection tube material becomes to be grouped into is following: C:0.3, Si:0.6, Mn:0.5, P:0.04; S:0.03, Cr:27, Ni:19, Mo:0.30; V:0.10, Ti:0.40, Cu:0.10, Al:0.04; The add-on 0.05 of Re, surplus are Fe and impurity, and content of impurities≤0.10, Cr/C=90.
The working method of above-mentioned thermocouple protection tube material may further comprise the steps:
1) steel alloy preparation:
A, in induction furnace, add 304 stainless steel material and fully melt, add ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferrotianium and rare earth, and oxygen blast in alloy solution, charge composition control: P≤0. 04%, 0. 4%>=C>=0. 2%,
B, in reduction furnace, alloy solution is reduced, accomplishes the alloy steel refining,
C, with steel alloy 800-1060 ℃ the insulation 2-3h, 900-1000 ℃ of quenching air cooling is at 700-800 ℃ of tempering 8h;
Ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferrotianium and rare earth need oven dry before adding induction furnace; Bake out temperature is 500-650 ℃, and the processing parameter of melting is: maturing temperature: 1050-1080 ℃, and roasting time:＞30 minutes; Soaking time:＞20 minutes; Smelting time:＞25min, teeming temperature: 1580-1600 ℃, every stove time of coming out of the stove should be less than 4 minutes.
2) casting: comprise system shell operation, the proportioning of coating type, coating is following in the system shell operation:
The process for making shell parameter is following:
The system shell also comprises dewaxing, and dewaxing technique requires as follows: dewaxing vapor pressure 0.8-0.9Mpa, reach 0.56MPa pressure time＜14S, and dewaxing time: 9-18min, dewaxing should reach 1.0Mpa with steamer pressure, and the dewaxing still is carried out preheating 1-2 time.
Casting also comprises penetrates the wax operation, and processing requirement is following: room temperature: 25 ± 1 ℃, and wax cylinder temperature: 50-60 ℃, soaking time:＞12 hours, nozzle temperature: 50-60 ℃, penetrate wax pressure: 1.0-6.0Mpa, wax-pattern time of repose after pressing＞4 hours.
Casting also comprises group number operation; Group number processing requirement: 25 ± 1 ℃ of room temperatures, postwelding wax spare upper surface be apart from sprue cup upper limb minor increment＞90mm, postwelding wax-pattern spacing＞9mm; Ingate length 12-25mm, during perpendicular group next row's ingate can not exceed the die head low side.
Casting also comprises cleaning process, and cleaning technology requires: scavenging solution and zero(ppm) water are pressed the 1:3 mixed, scavenging period: 6-18S, scavenging solution life-span:＜8000, behind the wax tree assembly welding, leave standstill more than 15 minutes and can clean room temperature: 25 ± 1 ℃.
Below in conjunction with concrete testing data protective tube material property of the present invention and casting process are described:
1, the performance comparison of material of the present invention and 304 steel is as shown in table 1,
The performance comparison table 1 of material of the present invention and 304 steel
It is thus clear that the room temperature of novel material and mechanical behavior under high temperature all obviously are superior to former materials used, antioxidant property is significantly improved, and has improved the work-ing life of protective tube.
2, the mixed shell of 830 and 1430 silicon sol and ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol system shell time compared see table 2:
Mixed shell and ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol system shell time contrast table 2
Can find out, compare the system shell time that can reduce by 40 h with 830,1430 silicon sol casings, and shell does not have back molten phenomenon in the system shell process with ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol.So not only improve the production efficiency in the unit time, and saved the man power and material.
3, measure the error of system shell with XX machine work turbine working-blade, wherein MP is with numeral (6 points), and the mean sizes deviation result of each point sees table 3:
The mean sizes deviation of each point is table 3 as a result
Can find out the same casting dimension accuracy preferably that has of the made shell of ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol with the made shell of ordinary silicon colloidal sol.
4, selecting foundry goods for use is the work turbine working-blade, and detected temperatures is 20 ℃, and humidity is 40%, and detected result is following:
Surface quality contrast 4
Surfaceness contrast 5
Can find out that from table 4 and table 5 ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol is to the foundry goods joint flash, situation such as aperture sand washing improve significantly, and can prevent the big plane foundry goods shell that expands effectively, have shown excellent surface quality.Therefore also reduce the generation of inferior waste product widely, made limited resources obtain rational application, improved the one-pass finished rate.
5, ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol shell degree and the common silicasol case intensity contrast of S-1430 table 6
Can be known that by table 6 data ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol shell normal temperature strength is higher than the common silicasol case of S-1430, hot strength is suitable, and retained strength then significantly reduces.So just under the prerequisite that guarantees quality of investment shell, greatly reduce the shell time of shaking and the quick-fried number of times of alkali in the subsequent handling, also alleviated the difficulty of sand removal, saved energy consumption, reduced cost.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant protecting tube, the weight percent that each of said thermocouple protection tube material becomes to be grouped into is following: C:0.4, Si:0.4, Mn:0.3, P:0.03; S:0.02, Cr:27, Ni:21, Mo:0.10; V:0.05, Ti:0.2, Cu:0.080, Al:0.0:35; The add-on of Re: 0.04, surplus is Fe and impurity, and content of impurities≤0.10, Cr/C=67.5.The same embodiment of the working method of thermocouple protection tube material, and test detects data with approximate among the embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant protecting tube, the weight percent that each of said thermocouple protection tube material becomes to be grouped into is following: C:0.264, Si:0.58, Mn:0.45 P:0.035; S:0.028, Cr:29, Ni:20, Mo:0.20; V:0.06, Ti:0.25, Cu:0.05, Al:0.01; The add-on of Re: 0.02, surplus is Fe and impurity, and content of impurities≤0.10, Cr/C=110.
The same embodiment of the working method of thermocouple protection tube material, and test detects data with approximate among the embodiment 1.
Claims (8)
1. the working method of high temperature resistant, a corrosion resistant protecting tube, the weight percent that each of said thermocouple protection tube material becomes to be grouped into is following: C:0.2-0.4, Si:0.4-0.6, Mn:0.3-0.5 P≤0.04; S≤0.03, Cr:27-29, Ni:19-21, Mo≤0.30; V≤0.10, Ti≤0.40, Cu≤0.10; Al≤0.04, the add-on of Re≤0.05, surplus is Fe and impurity; And content of impurities≤0.10, the relation with contents of said Cr and C is following: Cr/C=67.5-110 is characterized in that: this method may further comprise the steps:
1) steel alloy preparation:
A, in induction furnace, add 304 stainless steel material and fully melt, add ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferrotianium and rare earth, and oxygen blast in alloy solution, charge composition control: P≤0. 04%, 0. 4%>=C>=0. 2%,
B, in reduction furnace, alloy solution is reduced, accomplishes the alloy steel refining,
C, with steel alloy 800-1060 ℃ the insulation 2-3h, 900-1000 ℃ of quenching air cooling is at 700-800 ℃ of tempering 8h;
2) casting: comprise system shell operation; Coating type comprises in the system shell operation: zirconium English coating, zirconium English silica gel coating and bastard coal coating, and the proportioning of coating is following: zirconium English coating comprises: the ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol of 10 kg, the zirconium English powder of 36kg-40kg, 15ml wetting agent and 7.5 ml skimmers; Zirconium English silica gel coating comprises: the zirconium English powder of the ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol of 10 kg and 36kg-40kg; Bastard coal coating comprises: the ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol of 10 kg and the coal-gangue-powder of 13Kg-14kg.
2. working method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferrotianium and rare earth need oven dry before adding induction furnace, bake out temperature is 500-650 ℃.
3. working method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the processing parameter of melting is: maturing temperature: 1050-1080 ℃; Roasting time:＞30 minutes, soaking time:＞20 minutes, smelting time:＞25min; Teeming temperature: 1580-1600 ℃, every stove time of coming out of the stove should be less than 4 minutes.
4. working method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the process for making shell parameter is following:
The 1st layer: coating: zirconium English coating, stucco: 80-120 order zircon sand, time of drying: greater than 3 hours, 25 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, humidity is 60%-70%, the agent of prewetting is scavenging solution or ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol;
Layer 2-3: coating: zirconium English silica gel coating, stucco: 60-80 order or 30-60 purpose bastard coal sand, time of drying: greater than 6 hours, 25 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, humidity is 55%-65%, the agent of prewetting is a ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol;
4-6 layer: coating: bastard coal coating, stucco: 16-30 purpose bastard coal sand, time of drying: greater than 10 hours, 25 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, humidity were 40%-60%, wind speed 6-8m/s, the agent of prewetting is a ZF-801 type rapidly-dried silica sol;
The envelope slurry: coating: bastard coal coating, time of drying: greater than 12 hours, 25 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, humidity were 40%-60%, wind speed 6-8m/s.
5. working method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the system shell also comprises dewaxing, and dewaxing technique requires as follows:
Dewaxing vapor pressure 0.8-0.9Mpa reaches 0.56MPa pressure time＜14 s, dewaxing time: 9-18min, and dewaxing should reach 1.0Mpa with steamer pressure, and the dewaxing still is carried out preheating 1-2 time.
6. working method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: casting also comprises penetrates the wax operation, and processing requirement is following: room temperature: 25 ± 1 ℃, and wax cylinder temperature: 50-60 ℃; Soaking time:＞12 hours; Nozzle temperature: 50-60 ℃, penetrate wax pressure: 1.0-6.0Mpa, wax-pattern time of repose after pressing＞4 hours.
7. working method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: casting also comprises group number operation; Group number processing requirement: 25 ± 1 ℃ of room temperatures, postwelding wax spare upper surface be apart from sprue cup upper limb minor increment＞90mm, postwelding wax-pattern spacing＞9mm; Ingate length 12-25mm, during perpendicular group next row's ingate can not exceed the die head low side.
8. working method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: casting also comprises cleaning process, and cleaning technology requires: scavenging solution and zero(ppm) water are pressed the 1:3 mixed, scavenging period: 6-18s; The scavenging solution life-span:＜8000; Behind the wax tree assembly welding, leave standstill more than 15 minutes and can clean room temperature: 25 ± 1 ℃.
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| CN102337414A (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2012-02-01 | 大亚科技股份有限公司 | Degassing machine temperature monitoring device |
| CN103252449B (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2015-12-02 | 青岛钰鑫车辆工程有限公司 | Composite stirs wing production method |
| CN103302240B (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2015-07-29 | 衡阳市嘉励运动器材有限公司 | A kind of wax-pattern production technology |
| CN103834876B (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-04-20 | 西峡县内燃机进排气管有限责任公司 | A kind of austenitic heat resistant cast steel exhaust manifold and casting technique thereof |
| CN105170903A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-12-23 | 山西好利阀机械制造有限公司 | Novel process for casting stainless steel part from coated sand mold shell |
| CN107267778B (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2019-02-15 | 新疆思凯压力容器制造有限公司 | Magnesium smelting reduction tank and preparation method thereof |
| CN112662953B (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-03-04 | 刘祖瑜 | High-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidative-corrosion inner tube, copper mold containing inner tube and preparation method of inner tube |
| CN116497271B (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2025-06-13 | 汶上海纬机车配件有限公司 | Low alloy cast steel material and preparation method thereof |
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