CN102086497A - Method for preparing high-Cr high-Ni oxidation-resistant heat-resistant steel formwork - Google Patents
Method for preparing high-Cr high-Ni oxidation-resistant heat-resistant steel formwork Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 101100441413 Caenorhabditis elegans cup-15 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BKUKXOMYGPYFJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfanyl-1h-benzimidazole;hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.C1=CC=C2NC(SCC)=NC2=C1 BKUKXOMYGPYFJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing high-Cr high-Ni oxidation-resistant heat-resistant steel formwork. The method is characterized by: (1) determining alloy components, namely adding Si, Cr, Ni and Nb on the basis of austenitic stainless steel, wherein the service temperature exceeds 1,000 DEG C, and a microstructure is an austenite, contains a small amount of ferritic structures, and has excellent oxidation resistance; (2) preparing the formwork, namely adopting a non-allowance precision casting one-step molding technology, and determining a preparation technology of the formwork; and (3) performing high-purity smelting on alloy, namely adding a material into a furnace and then raising the temperature to melt the material, drossing and sampling for chemical examination after molten steel is completely molten, supplementing the alloy according to a chemical examination result, and beginning to pour a product when the temperature is raised to be 1,650 DEG C. In the method, the high-temperature oxidation resistance is remarkably improved when the high-temperature strength of the formwork is improved by adjusting chemical compositions of the alloy, the high-quality formwork preparation technology is adopted to prepare the formwork, and a high-purity smelting technology is also adopted to strictly control trace impurity elements, namely S and P and improve the qualification rate of the manufacturing of castings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of high temperature steel parts, particularly relate to the preparation method of the anti-oxidant high temperature steel formwork of the high Ni of a kind of high Cr, belong to C22C38/00 (2006.01) the I technical field in the International Patent Classification (IPC).
Background technology
The research of domestic relevant high temperature steel is started late, but development in 50 years, has been developed 26 trades mark of Refractory Steel, 14 trades mark of Valve Steel and 27 trades mark of Oxidation Resistant Steel rapidly in the past altogether.But the deficiency of the common existence of domestic high temperature steel is that work-ing life is short, when being incubated or slowly cooling off for about 400～850 ℃, separates out Cr mainly due to alloy on crystal boundary
23C
6, make that matrix forms poor Cr district around it, serious intergranular corrosion very easily takes place, and with the increase of C content in the steel, the tendency of grain boundary corrosion is big more.This high temperature steel welding and heat affected zone (550～800 ℃) grain boundary corrosion are particularly serious most serious of all, even cause crystal grain to peel off, steel part brittle failure, thereby the work-ing life of shortening alloy.Owing to the defective of Cr-Ni based material own, domestic manufacturer is all less than fundamentally thoroughly having solved problems such as cracking, distortion in the alloy use simultaneously.Secondly, more domestic producers are in high temperature resistant precision casting production process, the restriction of aspects such as (during the position of the preheating temperature of formwork, rising head and quantity are provided with etc.), smelting technology because casting technique as the manufacturing of the adjustment of slag system composition and control, teeming temperature, pouring speed, formwork, cast, be difficult to guarantee the alloy heterogeneous microstructure, cause its high-temperature behavior and non-deformability to can not get obvious improvement from smelting technology.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problem that prior art exists,, provide a kind of high temperature steel parts by no surplus precision casting and high purity smelting technology--the preparation method of the anti-oxidant high temperature steel formwork of the high Ni of high Cr.The present invention when improving its hot strength, obviously improves high-temperature oxidation resistance by suitably adjusting the chemical ingredients of alloy; And adopt high quality shell fabricating technology to prepare shell, to improve hot strength of investment shell; Also adopt the high purity smelting technology, strict control micro impurity element S, P, the effectively secondary pollution of prevention in the preparation process of foundry goods, improve the qualification rate that foundry goods is made, increase production efficiency, reduce manufacturing cost, under the prerequisite of producing high quality casting, improve the competitiveness of product in market.
The technical scheme that the present invention provides is: the preparation method of the anti-oxidant high temperature steel formwork of the high Ni of this high Cr is characterized in being made up of following steps:
(1) determine alloying constituent:
The alloying constituent of determining adds Si, Cr, Ni, Nb and forms on the austenitic stainless steel basis, use temperature surpasses ~ 1000 ℃, and microstructure is an austenite, contains a spot of ferritic structure, have good antioxidant property simultaneously, its composition and interpolation scope (quality %) are:
C?0.2～0.4，Si?0～1.5，Mn 1.5～2.0，Ni?11.0～14.0，
Cr?24.0～28.0，Nb?0.8～1.2，P＜0.04，S＜0.04，
Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
(2) formwork preparation:
High-quality shell is the gordian technique and the critical process of no surplus precision casting one-shaping technique, for the requirement of aspects such as the weight that guarantees alloy, surface smoothness, size, determines that its shell preparation technology's technical indicator is as follows:
First procedure: first road slurry, slurry viscosity standard flow cup 30～60 seconds, stucco kind and granularity: zircon sand 80～100 orders, 22～26 ℃ of drying temperatures, relative humidity≤70% when dry, time of drying 〉=4;
Second operation work: inferior road slurry, slurry viscosity standard flow cup 10～20 seconds, stucco kind and granularity: bastard coal stone sand 30～60 orders, 22～26 ℃ of drying temperatures, relative humidity≤70% when dry, time of drying 〉=6;
Three process: inferior road slurry, slurry viscosity standard flow cup 15～25 seconds, stucco kind and granularity: bastard coal stone sand 16～30 orders, 22～28 ℃ of drying temperatures, relative humidity≤65% when dry, time of drying 〉=8;
The 4th procedure: inferior road slurry, slurry viscosity standard flow cup 15～25 seconds, stucco kind and granularity: bastard coal stone sand 16～30 orders, 22～28 ℃ of drying temperatures, relative humidity≤65% when dry, time of drying 〉=11;
Five processes: inferior road slurry, slurry viscosity standard flow cup 15～25 seconds, stucco kind and granularity: bastard coal stone sand 16～30 orders, 22～28 ℃ of drying temperatures, relative humidity≤65% when dry, time of drying 〉=12;
The 6th procedure: inferior road slurry, slurry viscosity standard flow cup 20～30 seconds, stucco kind and granularity: bastard coal stone sand 16～30 orders, 22～28 ℃ of drying temperatures, relative humidity≤65% when dry, time of drying 〉=14;
Wherein the proportioning of crucial coating is as follows:
The proportioning ratio of upper layer coating is a silicon sol: zirconium English powder=1: 3.8～4);
The add-on of moistening temperature agent, defoamer is 0.1～0.3% of a silicon sol volume;
The proportioning of reinforced layered slurry is a silicon sol: colliery powder=1: (1.6～1.8) (wt%);
An end layer reinforced layered slurry proportioning is a silicon sol: colliery powder=1: (1.6～1.8) (wt%);
(3) the alloy high purity is smelted:
After reinforced, send electricity in the time of about 10 minutes, electric power reaches 80KW, power reaches more than the 120KW when continuing to be warmed up to 20 minutes, and furnace charge begins to dissolve, be warmed up to 30 minutes after, molten steelization was clear when power reached 150KW, begin to skim, sample examination, add alloy material according to result of laboratory test, be warmed up to 48 minutes after, the beginning thermometric, temperature begins cast in the time of 1650 ℃.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: have excellent high-temperature performance, high temperature oxidation resistance, anti-hot and cold fatigue property, and simple for structure, in light weight, geometrical dimension stable and accurately, bearing capacity is big and indeformable, characteristics such as long service life repeatedly.
Embodiment
Embodiment
(1) chemical composition design
On the chemical composition design, adjust Cr, Ni, Nb and ree content significantly, improve the high-temperature behavior and the antioxidant property of alloy, fundamentally solve short, the yielding deficiency of domestic other producer's alloy lifes.
In the design of alloy process, primary study Cr, Ni and Nb influence to alloy microstructure, The thermodynamics calculation results shows, suitably increase strong carbide forming element content such as Cr, Nb in the alloy, the high-temperature stability of high temperature-Cr be can significantly increase, and then the antioxidant property and the heat resistance of alloy improved.
The composition characteristic of this alloy adds Si, Cr, Ni, Nb and forms on the austenitic stainless steel basis, use temperature surpasses ~ 1000 ℃, and microstructure is an austenite, contains a spot of ferritic structure, has good antioxidant property simultaneously.
During this high temperature steel long term operation, the phenomenon of redistributing of alloying element can take place, promptly carbide forming element Cr, Mo be to carbide internal diffusion, enrichment, and cause the dilution of solid solution alloy element, causes heat resistance to descend.Thereby often adopt the unit again that adds prevention alloying element diffusion aggregation such as strong carbon thing forming element Nb to improve the heat resistance of steel in the production.So this steel grade use temperature can reach 1050 ℃, and has centroid cubic lattice structure, atomic arrangement is tightr.The velocity of diffusion of solid solution atom is slow.Hot strength is higher, has advantages such as good plasticity, toughness, weldability and cold-forming.This steel grade adopts complex alloysization usually, adds a large amount of Ni, alloying elements such as Cr, and by solution strengthening, aging precipitation is strengthened and grain-boundary strengthening, makes it obtain enough hot strengths and other over-all properties.
Optimization design goes out to satisfy the optimal components of all kinds of service requirementss on calculation of thermodynamics and experiment basis, the results are shown in Table 1, and optimal components is seen the analytical test report.
Table 1 alloy designs chemical ingredients and optimum chemical composition (wt%)
| Chemical element | C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | Nb | P | S |
| Chemical ingredients | 0.2 ～ 0.4 | 0～ 1.5 | 1.5 ～ 2.0 | 11.0~1 4.0 | 24.0～ 28.0 | 0.8～ 1.2 | ＜ 0.04 | ＜ 0.04 |
| Optimal components | 0.3 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 12.0 | 24.5 | 10.0 | - | - |
(2) formwork preparation
High-quality shell is the gordian technique and the critical process of no surplus precision casting one-shaping technique.For the harsh requirement of aspects such as the weight that guarantees alloy, surface smoothness, size, on a large amount of practical experience bases, determine that its shell fabricating technology index is:
Table 2 shell preparation technology flow process technical indicator
Wherein the proportioning of crucial coating is as follows:
The proportioning ratio of upper layer coating is a silicon sol: zirconium English powder=1: 3.8～4)
The add-on of moistening temperature agent, defoamer is 0.1～0.3% of a silicon sol volume
The proportioning of reinforced layered slurry is a silicon sol: colliery powder=1: (1.6～1.8) (wt%)
An end layer reinforced layered slurry proportioning is a silicon sol: colliery powder=1: (1.6～1.8) (wt%)
(3) alloy high purity smelting technology
Smelting high-quality steel is the prerequisite of preparation high performance alloys.The impurity of trace directly influences the moulding process of alloy in the high temperature steel steel, particularly through engineering approaches needs under the mass-producted situation of alloy, reduce S in the molten steel, impurity elements such as P, stably control Cr in the molten steel, Ni, Nb, Si, the content of elements such as Mn is key problem in technology and the critical technological point in the smelting process, on a large amount of experimental basis, determined following smelting technology: after reinforced, send electricity in the time of about 10 minutes, electric power reaches 80KW, power reaches more than the 120KW when continuing to be warmed up to 20 minutes, furnace charge begins to dissolve, after being warmed up to 30 minutes, molten steelization was clear when power reached 150KW, began to skim, sample examination, add alloy material according to result of laboratory test, after being warmed up to 48 minutes, the beginning thermometric, temperature begins cast in the time of 1650 ℃.Wherein each gold element burn out rate sees Table 3 in the smelting process.
Each alloying element burn out rate in the table 3 alloy smelting process
| Element | ?C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ti | Al | V |
| Burn out rate (%) (basic furnace) | ?5～10 | 30～40 | 20～30 | 5～10 | 40～60 | 30～50 | 50 |
The anti-oxidant high temperature steel formwork of the high Ni of high Cr of the present invention has enough high temperature strengths, high temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance nature, anti-hot and cold anti-fatigue performance.Product can bear below 1050 ℃, and prolonged and repeated heating is used and indeformable.Its technical indicator is: temperature index/℃～1150, work-ing life/h24480, deflection/mm/m 0.4.
Claims (1)
1. the preparation method of the anti-oxidant high temperature steel formwork of the high Ni of high Cr is characterized in being made up of following steps:
(1) determine alloying constituent:
The alloying constituent of determining adds Si, Cr, Ni, Nb and forms on the austenitic stainless steel basis, use temperature surpasses ~ 1000 ℃, and microstructure is an austenite, contains a spot of ferritic structure, have good antioxidant property simultaneously, its composition and interpolation scope (quality %) are:
C?0.2～0.4，Si?0～1.5，Mn?1.5～2.0，Ni?11.0～14.0，
Cr?24.0～28.0，Nb?0.8～1.2，P＜0.04，S＜0.04，
Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
(2) formwork preparation:
High-quality shell is the gordian technique and the critical process of no surplus precision casting one-shaping technique, for the requirement of aspects such as the weight that guarantees alloy, surface smoothness, size, determines that its shell preparation technology's technical indicator is as follows:
First procedure: first road slurry, slurry viscosity standard flow cup 30～60 seconds, stucco kind and granularity: zircon sand 80～100 orders, 22～26 ℃ of drying temperatures, relative humidity≤70% when dry, time of drying 〉=4;
Second operation work: inferior road slurry, slurry viscosity standard flow cup 10～20 seconds, stucco kind and granularity: bastard coal stone sand 30～60 orders, 22～26 ℃ of drying temperatures, relative humidity≤70% when dry, time of drying 〉=6;
Three process: inferior road slurry, slurry viscosity standard flow cup 15～25 seconds, stucco kind and granularity: bastard coal stone sand 16～30 orders, 22～28 ℃ of drying temperatures, relative humidity≤65% when dry, time of drying 〉=8;
The 4th procedure: inferior road slurry, slurry viscosity standard flow cup 15～25 seconds, stucco kind and granularity: bastard coal stone sand 16～30 orders, 22～28 ℃ of drying temperatures, relative humidity≤65% when dry, time of drying 〉=11;
Five processes: inferior road slurry, slurry viscosity standard flow cup 15～25 seconds, stucco kind and granularity: bastard coal stone sand 16～30 orders, 22～28 ℃ of drying temperatures, relative humidity≤65% when dry, time of drying 〉=12;
The 6th procedure: inferior road slurry, slurry viscosity standard flow cup 20～30 seconds, stucco kind and granularity: bastard coal stone sand 16～30 orders, 22～28 ℃ of drying temperatures, relative humidity≤65% when dry, time of drying 〉=14;
Wherein the proportioning of crucial coating is as follows:
The proportioning ratio of upper layer coating is a silicon sol: zirconium English powder=1: 3.8～4);
The add-on of moistening temperature agent, defoamer is 0.1～0.3% of a silicon sol volume;
The proportioning of reinforced layered slurry is a silicon sol: colliery powder=1: (1.6～1.8) (wt%);
An end layer reinforced layered slurry proportioning is a silicon sol: colliery powder=1: (1.6～1.8) (wt%);
(3) the alloy high purity is smelted:
After reinforced, send electricity in the time of about 10 minutes, electric power reaches 80KW, power reaches more than the 120KW when continuing to be warmed up to 20 minutes, and furnace charge begins to dissolve, be warmed up to 30 minutes after, molten steelization was clear when power reached 150KW, begin to skim, sample examination, add alloy material according to result of laboratory test, be warmed up to 48 minutes after, beginning thermometric, temperature begin to water in the time of 1650 ℃ and outpour the qualified anti-oxidant high temperature steel formwork of the high Ni of high Cr product.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102676951A (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-09-19 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Austenitic heat-resistant steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102876998A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-16 | 西峡县众德汽车部件有限公司 | Heat-resistant steel, turbocharger conjoined casing and preparation method of turbocharger conjoined casing |
| CN110938782A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-03-31 | 武汉科技大学 | Low-cost heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN113441679A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-28 | 共享铸钢有限公司 | Casting method of heat-resistant steel casting |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS503967B1 (en) * | 1968-12-25 | 1975-02-13 | ||
| JP3486714B2 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2004-01-13 | 株式会社クボタ | Heat-resistant cast steel with excellent surface roughening resistance for coiler drum casting in heat-retaining furnaces of reversible hot rolling mills |
| CN101338618A (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-07 | 刘灵柱 | Disposable architecture formwork preparation method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102676951A (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-09-19 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Austenitic heat-resistant steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102876998A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-16 | 西峡县众德汽车部件有限公司 | Heat-resistant steel, turbocharger conjoined casing and preparation method of turbocharger conjoined casing |
| CN102876998B (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2015-03-04 | 西峡县众德汽车部件有限公司 | Heat-resistant steel, turbocharger conjoined casing and preparation method of turbocharger conjoined casing |
| CN110938782A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-03-31 | 武汉科技大学 | Low-cost heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN113441679A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-28 | 共享铸钢有限公司 | Casting method of heat-resistant steel casting |
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