CN102002319B - 一种耐高温的超疏水表面及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于功能薄膜材料技术领域,具体为一种耐高温的超疏水表面及其制备方法。该超疏水表面具有纳米结构的粒子赋予超疏水性所需要的微纳粗糙表面结构,聚苯基倍半硅氧烷包覆无机纳米粒子表面成膜并提供低表面能。作为填料的无机纳米粒子受热时不会软化,继续保持粗糙的表面微结构,而包覆在填料粒子表面的聚苯基倍半硅氧烷结构稳定,保持了表面的疏水性质,因而该超疏水表面具有良好的热稳定性,经500°C热处理后,仍然保持其超疏水特性。制备方法工艺简单、操作方便、重复性好,能大面积施工,在表面自清洁、防冰雪、防水雾、高压输变电防闪络、MEMS器件防黏附等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能薄膜材料技术领域,具体涉及一种稳定的超疏水表面及其制备方法。
背景技术
通常,与水的接触角大于150°同时滞后角小于10°的固体表面被认为是超疏水表面,一个典型的例子是自然界中的荷叶,完全不被液体水浸润,同时表面上的水滴在外界轻微扰动下很容易滚落,带走表面的污物。研究表明,这种超疏水性源自于荷叶表面微纳粗糙的乳状突起和其上覆盖的低表面能的天然蜡。通过模仿荷叶表面,控制合理的表面粗糙度和较低的表面自由能,就能得到超疏水表面。现在,基于聚合物、金属、无机氧化物等不同材料的超疏水材料都已被制备,并在自清洁、防冰、防雪、抗腐蚀、防黏附等领域显示出广泛的应用前景。通常制备超疏水表面有两种方法,一是由低表面能物质构造粗糙结构,二是在粗糙表面上修饰一层低表面能物质。无论哪种方法,考虑实际应用时,超疏水材料的稳定性都备受关注。目前,能够提供超疏水材料低表面能的物质有很多,常见的有:碳氢化合物,它们在受到热冲击或紫外线辐照时并不稳定,容易断裂或分解使得低表面能物质丧失,相应的疏水性也会随之消失;有机硅化合物,主链为Si-O-Si,柔顺性较好,在受到外界热冲击和紫外辐照时不易分解,具有比较好的稳定性,如聚二甲基硅氧烷及甲基/苯基有机硅树脂,若以热稳定性来衡量,这类材料的分解温度介于250-450°C之间。聚苯基倍半硅氧烷具有良好的热稳定性和紫外稳定性,对水不浸润,可溶于多种有机溶剂,成膜性好,然而其在超疏水表面上的应用至今仍未有报道。
本发明以聚苯基倍半硅氧烷作为成膜材料并提供低表面能,填充具有纳米结构的粒子赋予超疏水表面所需要的微结构,使得到的超疏水表面在受到热冲击和紫外辐照时能够保持稳定。同时,本发明方法工艺简单,使用方便,重复性好,能大面积施工,在表面自清洁、防冰雪、防水雾、高压输变电防闪络、MEMS器件防黏附等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种工艺简单,使用方便,重复性好的耐高温的超疏水表面及其制备方法。
本发明提出的制备稳定的超疏水表面方法的具体步骤为:
第一步,以聚苯基倍半硅氧烷为基体,添加无机填料粒子和溶剂,以超声或高速剪切予以分散,配成涂料;涂料的组分以重量份计数为:无机填料粒子10份,溶剂20-200份,聚苯基倍半硅氧烷3-30份;其中无机填料粒子选自氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化锌、碳酸钙、碳黑、高岭土、滑石粉、硫酸钙、硅灰石中的一种,或其中几种;无机填料粒子含有纳米结构,尺度在10-300纳米;无机填料粒子采用高速剪切或超声波分散于基体树脂和溶剂中;
第二步,将以上涂料涂敷于基材表面,优选喷雾法,压力在0.15-1.5 MPa,喷枪距基材表面不小于5厘米,喷枪与基底表面呈70-90o夹角。
本发明中,所述的溶剂为乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、二丙酮醇、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮、甲苯、二甲苯、碳酸二甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚,丙二醇单甲醚、三丙二醇单甲醚、二丙二醇单甲醚中的一种,或其中几种的混合物。
本发明中,所述的填料粒子可经过常规的液相或者气相的表面处理,进一步提高其在溶剂中的分散性及分散后涂料体系的稳定性。
该方法制备的超疏水表面由具有纳米结构的无机填充物粒子赋予超疏水所需要的微纳粗糙表面结构,聚苯基倍半硅氧烷作为成膜料包覆无机粒子成膜,聚苯基倍半硅氧烷上与硅原子相连的苯基向外伸展提供低表面能。聚苯基倍半硅氧烷具有很高的热稳定性,在500°C以下不发生明显的分解反应,因此,在受到热冲击时,包覆在无机粒子表面的聚苯基倍半硅氧烷结构稳定,,保持了表面的疏水性;作为填料的无机粒子属于刚性物质,加热时不会软化,继续保持粗糙的表面微结构。因而本发明制备的超疏水表面具有良好的热稳定性,经500°C热处理后,仍然保持了超疏水特性。
本方法工艺简单、操作方便、重复性好,能大面积施工,在表面自清洁、防冰雪、防水雾、高压输变电防闪络、MEMS器件防黏附等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是由苯基三乙氧基硅烷制备的聚苯基倍半硅氧烷的热重(TGA)和差热(DTA)曲线。
图2是实施例4所得的超疏水薄膜表面在热处理前的扫描电镜(SEM)图。
图3是实施例4所得的超疏水薄膜表面在热处理后的扫描电镜(SEM)图。
图4是实施例4所得的超疏水薄膜表面在热处理前的水接触角状态图。
图5是实施例4所得的超疏水薄膜表面在热处理后的水接触角状态图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步描述本发明。
实施例1 聚苯基倍半硅氧烷平坦薄膜制备:1.0克聚苯基倍半硅氧烷(由苯基三乙氧基硅烷水解制备)溶解于20毫升甲苯中,在0.6MPa压力下喷涂于载玻片表面。所得薄膜对于水的静态接触角92.9°,滚动角大于90°,500°C热处理1小时,静态接触角108.2°,滚动角仍然大于90°。
实施例2 良溶剂/不良溶剂混合法制备聚苯基倍半硅氧烷粗糙薄膜: 1.0克聚苯基倍半硅氧烷(由苯基三乙氧基硅烷水解制备)溶解于8毫升丙酮(良溶剂)与2毫升无水乙醇(不良溶剂)的混合溶剂中,在0.6MPa压力下喷涂于载玻片表面。所得薄膜对于水的静态接触角152.6°,滚动角7.8°;经350°C热处理1小时后,静态接触角减小至137.4°,滚动角大于60°。
实施例3 纳米二氧化硅为填料制备聚苯基倍半硅氧烷粗糙薄膜(I): 1.0克聚苯基倍半硅氧烷(由苯基三乙氧基硅烷水解制备)溶解于20毫升甲苯中,再加入一定量的纳米二氧化硅(见下表),超声分散30分钟,在0.6MPa压力下喷涂于载玻片表面。所得薄膜在室温下和500°C热处理1小时后对于水的静态接触角和滚动角列于表1。
表1
实施例4 纳米二氧化硅为填料制备聚苯基倍半硅氧烷粗糙薄膜(II): 1.0克聚苯基倍半硅氧烷(由苯基三氯硅烷水解制备)溶解于20毫升甲苯中,加入1.0克纳米二氧化硅,超声分散30分钟,在0.6MPa压力下喷涂于铝片表面。所得薄膜对于水的静态接触角150.1°,滚动角7.8°;经500°C热处理1小时后,静态接触角149.9°,滚动角小于1°。
以上所有样品的接触角和滚动角在Data Physics 公司OCA-20型接触角测试仪上进行,液滴体积为5微升。扫描电镜型号为JEOL公司的JSM 6701F型。
Claims (6)
1.一种耐高温的超疏水表面的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:
(1)涂料配制:
以聚苯基倍半硅氧烷为连接料,添加无机填料粒子和溶剂,以超声或高速剪切予以分散;其中聚苯基倍半硅氧烷、无机填料粒子和溶剂的用料质量比为3-30:10:20-200;
(2)涂料涂敷于基材:
将配置好的涂料涂敷于基材表面,压力在0.15-1.5MPa,喷枪距基材表面不小于5厘米,喷枪与基底表面呈70-90 o夹角。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述的无机填料粒子选自氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化锌、碳酸钙、炭黑、高岭土、滑石粉、硫酸钙、硅灰石中的一种,或其中几种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述的无机填料粒子含有纳米结构,尺度在10-300纳米。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述的溶剂为乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、二丙酮醇、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮、甲苯、二甲苯、碳酸二甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚,丙二醇单甲醚、三丙二醇单甲醚、二丙二醇单甲醚中的一种,或其中几种的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述的填料粒子经过常规的液相或者气相的表面处理,进一步提高其在溶剂中的分散性及分散后涂料体系的稳定性。
6.由权利要求1—5之一所述方法制备的超疏水表面。
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CN109666401A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-23 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 一种疏水涂料的制备方法及其产品和应用 |
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