CN102001026B - Free-form surface processing device - Google Patents

Free-form surface processing device Download PDF

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CN102001026B
CN102001026B CN 201010299036 CN201010299036A CN102001026B CN 102001026 B CN102001026 B CN 102001026B CN 201010299036 CN201010299036 CN 201010299036 CN 201010299036 A CN201010299036 A CN 201010299036A CN 102001026 B CN102001026 B CN 102001026B
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workpiece spindle
unit
workpiece
free
form surface
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CN102001026A (en
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陈耀龙
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Abstract

The invention discloses a free-form surface processing device which comprises a workpiece shaft unit, a drive unit for driving the workpiece shaft unit to rotate, a workpiece shaft feeding unit for driving the workpiece shaft unit to rapidly axially displace, a cutter unit and a cutter feeding unit for driving the cutter unit to slowly axially and radially displace. The free-form surface processing device also comprises a coupler arranged between the workpiece shaft unit and the drive unit, wherein the drive unit is fixedly arranged and the workpiece shaft unit can axially displace relative to the drive unit. Compared with the prior art, the drive unit used for driving the workpiece shaft unit to rotate is relatively fixedly arranged, and the coupler is arranged between the workpiece shaft unit and the drive unit, therefore, the workpiece shaft feeding unit can drive the workpiece shaft unit to axially displace relative to the drive unit, the mass of the rapid displacing part is reduced furthest, thus the rapid feeding acceleration can be reliably improved when in same power, and the purposes of improving the workpiece rotating speed and further enhancing the processing efficiency can be realized.

Description

A kind of free-form surface processing device
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical manufacturing field, be specifically related to a kind of free-form surface processing device.
Background technology
Free form surface comprises the curved surface of any shape that arbitrarily non-traditional, asymmetrical curved surface, micro structure array and parameter vector represent, it can concentrate on a plurality of optical functions on the optical element.Based on these characteristics, free form surface has obtained using more and more widely in optical system.Such as, progressive many intersection points eyeglass can combine correcting presbyopia's eyesight and myopia strength effectively, uses a pair of glasses can be clear that the distant place with nearby, is very easy to lens wearer simultaneously.
At present, be used for the lathe of Free-Form Surface Machining, particularly the lathe of progressive multi-focal lenses machining eyeglass mainly contains three types:
1, based on the Free-Form Surface Machining lathe of lathe.Its cutter is arranged on the cross table, realize with respect to workpiece axially with move radially; Simultaneously, can the different cutter of assortment on the workbench, such as lathe tool, milling cutter and bistrique.In process, usually the chipping allowance of workpiece is divided into rough lumber and essence and cuts two procedures and carry out, to improve working (machining) efficiency; Like this, for satisfying the technological requirement of Machining Free-Form Surfaces, each cutter has the fast driving of oneself, thereby causes the lathe cost higher.
2, based on the Free-Form Surface Machining lathe of milling lathe.Its workpiece spindle is arranged on the slide unit that can realize quick traveling priority, and cutter is arranged on one at a slow speed on the mobile slide unit.During Machining Free-Form Surfaces, the workpiece spindle slide unit drives vertically fast moving of workpiece spindle, and the peak acceleration that it moves and positioning accuracy directly affect working (machining) efficiency and quality.Because the workpiece spindle of the lathe of this layout adopts electric main shaft, the quality of fast moving comprises workpiece spindle itself and drive motors and the associated components such as Workpiece clamping cylinder and slide block; That is to say, need the quality of acceleration larger; Like this, restrict in actual use the peak acceleration that can realize, had the lower defective of working (machining) efficiency.
3, based on the extraordinary lathe of Machining Free-Form Surfaces.Close to the Free-Form Surface Machining lathe based on milling lathe, its main distinction is that a workpiece spindle slide unit is arranged on the gyroaxis to this type of lathe on the principle.But the quality of need accelerating is still identical with lathe based on milling lathe, has equally the lower defective of working (machining) efficiency.
In view of this, demand urgently being optimized design for existing Free-Form Surface Machining lathe, to overcome the problem that the lathe manufacturing cost is too high and working (machining) efficiency is lower.
Summary of the invention
For defects, the technical problem that the present invention solves is, a kind of free-form surface processing device of structure optimization is provided, and with effectively controlling on the basis of lathe manufacturing cost, improves working (machining) efficiency.
Free-form surface processing device provided by the invention, comprise the workpiece spindle unit, drive described workpiece spindle unit rotational driver element, drive workpiece spindle feed unit, the knife unit of described workpiece spindle unit rapid axial displacement and drive described knife unit slow axis to the tool feeding unit of radial displacement; Also comprise the shaft coupling that is arranged between described workpiece spindle unit and the described driver element, described driver element is fixedly installed and described workpiece spindle unit can be with respect to described driver element axial displacement.
Preferably, described shaft coupling is specially the coupling band that is fixed on the described workpiece spindle unit, can endwisely slip between the output shaft of described coupling band and described driver element, and both cross sections is suitable polygon.
Preferably, described workpiece spindle unit comprises workpiece spindle nose, workpiece spindle and collet; Wherein, described workpiece spindle nose links to each other with described workpiece spindle feed unit, and described workpiece spindle is connected with described driver element by described coupling band; One end of described collet has the jaw of holding workpiece, and the outer of its other end compresses mutually with the outer face of described workpiece spindle nose, and the free end of described workpiece spindle links to each other with described collet after described workpiece spindle nose passes; And under the effect of workpiece spindle feed unit, described workpiece spindle nose is to workpiece direction or workpiece rightabout displacement the first distance, and described collet compresses and produces the strain clamping work pieces with the outer face of described workpiece spindle nose or separates with described workpiece spindle nose and unclamp workpiece.
Preferably, described workpiece spindle unit also comprises limiting component and elastomeric element; Wherein, described limiting component is arranged on the described workpiece spindle between described workpiece spindle nose and the shaft coupling; Described elastomeric element precommpression is arranged between described workpiece spindle nose and the described limiting component, and the jaw of described collet is the clamping work pieces shape; And have default second distance between the output shaft of described driver element and the described workpiece spindle, described second distance is less than described the first distance; When described workpiece spindle nose to workpiece rightabout displacement second distance, described workpiece spindle and described output shaft offset, when described workpiece spindle nose continues to workpiece rightabout displacement the first distance, described workpiece spindle nose compresses described elastomeric element and separates with described collet and unclamp workpiece; When described workpiece spindle nose to workpiece direction displacement the first distance, described elastomeric element acts on described limiting component and workpiece spindle nose, the jaw of described collet is the clamping work pieces shape.
Preferably, described limiting component is threaded with described workpiece spindle.
Preferably, described elastomeric element is specially the disk spring that is sleeved on the described workpiece spindle.
Preferably, have the static pressure gap of circumferential setting between the output shaft of described coupling band and described driver element, and described static pressure gap is communicated with the pressure medium pipeline.
Preferably, described pressure medium is specially gases at high pressure, and described static pressure gap is the 5-30 micron; Perhaps described pressure medium is specially highly pressurised liquid, and described static pressure gap is the 10-50 micron.
Preferably, described knife unit has multiple cutter.
Preferably, described driver element is specially servomotor; And be provided with angular encoder on the described servomotor, with the angle signal that obtains described workpiece spindle and the driver that feeds back to described servomotor, with the turned position of the described workpiece spindle of closed-loop control.
In the use procedure, the present invention during with processing curve cutter and workpiece be decomposed into the motion of rapid movement and the knife unit of workpiece spindle unit in axial relative motion, thereby knife unit can arrange multiple cutter simultaneously, has effectively controlled the production cost of lathe.Compared with prior art, the driver element that is used for driving workpiece spindle unit rotational is fixedly installed relatively, and between workpiece spindle unit and driver element, be provided with shaft coupling, like this, the workpiece spindle feed unit can drive described workpiece spindle unit with respect to driver element axial displacement; That is to say, the circumferential clocking of turbine of realization driver element and workpiece spindle rotates and can axially break away from.Because driver element is fixedly installed, the quality of fast moving part farthest reduces, and has therefore improved reliably the acceleration of fast feed when equal-wattage, improves the purpose that workpiece rotational frequency improves working (machining) efficiency thereby can reach.
In preferred version of the present invention, the integrated collet that is provided with by the strain workpiece in the end of workpiece spindle, under the effect of workpiece spindle feed unit, when the workpiece spindle nose to workpiece direction or workpiece rightabout displacement the first distance, this first distance is so that collet produces the strain clamping work pieces unclamps the required axial displacement of workpiece to recovering distortion.Collet compresses and produces the strain clamping work pieces with the outer face of described workpiece spindle nose or separates with described workpiece spindle nose and unclamp workpiece.This programme has reasonable in design, the advantage of easy operating.
In another preferred version of the present invention, between the output shaft of coupling band and driver element, has the static pressure gap, with under the effect of pressed gas or pressure fluid, keep reliably axial sliding fit between the two, possess rigidity high, the gap is little, damping height and the good advantage of thermal diffusivity.
In another preferred version of the present invention, be arranged on servomotor for the angular encoder that obtains the workpiece spindle angle signal, further reduce the quality that needs acceleration, improve acceleration and working (machining) efficiency.
Free-form surface processing device provided by the invention can be used for the processing of any free form surface, is specially adapted to process progressive multi-focal lenses eyeglass free form surface.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of free-form surface processing device described in the first specific embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the assembly relation schematic diagram of shaft coupling described in the first specific embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that Workpiece clamping head is positioned at releasing orientation described in the first specific embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of free-form surface processing device described in the second specific embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of free-form surface processing device described in the third specific embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of free-form surface processing device described in the 4th kind of specific embodiment.
Among the figure:
Workpiece spindle unit 1, workpiece spindle nose 11, workpiece spindle 12, collet 13, jaw 131, limiting component 14, elastomeric element 15, driver element 2, knife unit 3, shaft coupling 4, coupling band 41, workpiece 10.
The specific embodiment
Core of the present invention provides a kind of free-form surface processing device of structure optimization, with effectively controlling on the basis of lathe manufacturing cost, improves working (machining) efficiency.Specify preferred embodiment below in conjunction with Figure of description.
See also Fig. 1, this illustrates a kind of structural representation of free-form surface processing device.
As shown in Figure 1, this free-form surface processing device comprise workpiece spindle unit 1, drive the driver element 2 that rotates workpiece spindle unit 1, the workpiece spindle feed unit (not shown) that drives workpiece spindle unit 1 rapid axial displacement, knife unit 3 and drive knife unit 3 slow axis to the tool feeding unit (not shown) of radial displacement; Also comprise the shaft coupling 4 that is arranged between workpiece spindle unit 1 and the driver element 2, this driver element 2 is fixedly installed and workpiece spindle unit 1 can be with respect to driver element 2 axial displacements.
Need to prove, the related workpiece spindle feed unit of this programme is identical with prior art with the tool feeding unit, those skilled in the art can realize fully based on prior art, such as, the workpiece spindle unit is arranged on one can carry out on the straight-line slide unit, and slide unit drives by a quick linear moving mechanism; Be provided with one in the place ahead of workpiece spindle unit and drive knife unit relative to workpiece 10 carries out axially and radial alignment moves cutter slide unit etc.Therefore this paper repeats no more.
Following the position of free form surface each point is described by the cylindrical coordinates system.
Z=f (C, X), and the coordinate Z of free form surface is decomposed into Rotational Symmetry part Z1 and non-rotating symmetric part Z2.The slower traditional cutter slide unit of Rotational Symmetry part Z1=f1 (X) Negotiation speed that motion amplitude is larger is realized, and the less non-rotating symmetric part Z2=f2 (C, X) of motion amplitude realizes by the workpiece spindle unit.In fact, on the cutter slide unit simultaneously installation car, mill, the cutter such as grinding, realize that clamped one time finishes roughing, the operations such as semifinishing and fine finishining; Several cutting tools only need a cover fast feed system (Z2).All cutter is contained on the slow cutter slide unit, and non-rotating symmetric part is finished by the motion of workpiece spindle unit.In summary, Z1, Z2, C and X interlock can realize describing the integrated motion of free form surface:
Z=Z1+Z2=f1(X)+f2(C,X)。
In the course of work, because but driver element and workpiece spindle circumferential clocking of turbine rotate and can axially break away from, and driver element is fixedly installed, and the quality of actual required fast moving part farthest reduces, thereby has improved reliably the acceleration of fast feed when equal-wattage.Particularly, please in the lump referring to Fig. 2, the figure shows the assembly relation schematic diagram of described shaft coupling.
Driver element 2 can adopt servomotor in this programme, and driver element 2 also can select hydraulic pump that power is provided in theory.As shown in Figure 2, shaft coupling 4 is specially the coupling band 41 that is fixed on the workpiece spindle unit 1, can endwisely slip between the output shaft of this coupling band 41 and servomotor, and both cross sections are suitable polygon, such as, triangle or quadrangle etc.
Workpiece spindle unit 1 comprises workpiece spindle nose 11, workpiece spindle 12 and collet 13 in this programme; Wherein, workpiece spindle nose 11 links to each other with the workpiece spindle feed unit, to realize the fast offset of workpiece spindle; One end of workpiece spindle 12 is connected with the output shaft of servomotor by coupling band 41, and its free end is fixedly connected with collet 13 after described workpiece spindle nose 11 stretches out; One end of this collet 13 has the jaw 131 of holding workpiece 10, compresses mutually with collet 13 outers of workpiece spindle nose 11 opposite sides and its, so that jaw 131 is regained or opened, realizes clamping work pieces or the operation of unclamping workpiece.That is to say, under the effect of workpiece spindle feed unit, when workpiece spindle nose 11 to workpiece direction displacement first apart from the time, collet 13 compresses and produces shape deforming clip clamping of workpieces 10 with the outer face of workpiece spindle nose 11, and when the 11 reverse displacements first of workpiece spindle nose apart from the time, collet 13 separates with workpiece spindle nose 11 and unclamps workpiece 10.
This paper said " first distance " is so that collet produces the strain clamping work pieces unclamps in the process of workpiece to recovering distortion, the axial displacement that workpiece spindle nose 11 is required.
Further, workpiece spindle unit 1 also comprises limiting component 14 and elastomeric element 15; Wherein, be threaded between the workpiece spindle 12 of limiting component 14 and workpiece spindle nose 11 opposite sides, to regulate the axial distance between limiting component 14 and the workpiece spindle nose 11; Certainly, comparatively simply add the formula device for using operating mode, also can adopt the mode that is fixedly connected with of non-dismountable formula between limiting component 14 and the workpiece spindle 12.
As shown in Figure 2, elastomeric element 15 adopts the disk spring that is sleeved on the workpiece spindle 12.This disk spring is through being arranged on after the precommpression between workpiece spindle nose 11 and the limiting component 14, and under this state, collet 13 jaws 131 that are arranged on workpiece spindle nose 11 opposite sides are the clamping work pieces shape; That is, under the normality, jaw 131 is in the clamping shape.Should be appreciated that the restriction for different workpieces, different grip size, keep jaw under the normality to be in clamping shape must need to regulate axial distance between limiting component 14 and the workpiece spindle nose 11.
In addition, for the above-mentioned design of under the effect of workpiece spindle feed unit, finishing clamping workpiece, has default second distance in this programme between the output shaft of servomotor and the workpiece spindle, workpiece spindle 12 can axial displacement in the second distance scope with respect to motor output shaft, satisfies the processing needs of fast feed.Second distance need to be less than aforementioned the first distance.For ease of describing its operation principle, axial displacement first distance of unclamping workpiece 10 can be divided into two stages considerations: in the phase I, workpiece spindle nose 11 is behind workpiece 10 rightabout displacement second distances, and workpiece spindle and output shaft offset; Continuing to promote workpiece spindle nose 11 this moment continues to the displacement of workpiece rightabout, then enter second stage, until workpiece spindle nose 11 displacements the first distance, workpiece spindle nose 11 will promote disk spring and produce compression, like this, thus workpiece spindle nose 11 separates with collet 13 and recovers distortion and unclamp workpiece.Matching relationship during releasing orientation between each parts sees also Fig. 3.Otherwise, when workpiece spindle nose 11 to workpiece 10 direction displacements the first distance, disk spring acts on limiting component 14 and workpiece spindle nose 11, this moment collet 13 jaw 131 be the clamping work pieces shape.
Certainly, elastomeric element 15 is not limited to the disk spring shown in the figure, in fact also can select compression helical spring or other elastomeric materials to make; In addition, the shaft coupling that is used for connection servomotor and workpiece spindle also can adopt the versions such as magnetic coupling or sliding friction spline to realize.As long as satisfy the demand all in the scope that the application asks for protection.
In order to satisfy between the two the axially use needs of relative sliding and circumferential clocking of turbine rotation, has the static pressure gap of circumferential setting between the output shaft of coupling band 41 and driver element 2; Simultaneously, the pressure medium pipeline is communicated with this static pressure gap, with under the effect of pressed gas or pressure fluid, keeps reliably axial sliding fit between the two.Particularly, pressure medium is selected gases at high pressure, and then the static pressure gap should be set to the 5-30 micron; Pressure medium is selected highly pressurised liquid, and then the static pressure gap should be set to the 10-50 micron.
In addition, the angular encoder (not shown) in this programme is arranged on the servomotor, with the angle signal that obtains workpiece spindle and the driver that feeds back to servomotor, with the turned position of the described workpiece spindle of closed-loop control.Compared with prior art, this programme can remove the angular encoder on the workpiece spindle and read head, and directly uses the angular encoder of drive motors inside, thereby further reduces the quality that needs acceleration, improves acceleration and working (machining) efficiency.
Preferably, knife unit 3 has at least a cutter, such as, on cutter slide unit at a slow speed, lathe tool can be installed simultaneously, bistrique and milling head, and with the rough cut that can realize free form surface once cover fast driving system, half essence cutting and essence are cut, but thereby with further Effective Raise machining accuracy and production efficiency, reduce the production cost of lathe.In aforementioned the first embodiment, cutter can be selected milling head or bistrique, and three kinds of embodiment that different cutters are set below are provided.
See also Fig. 4, this figure is the structural representation of free-form surface processing device described in the second specific embodiment; Cutter in this scheme is that a lathe tool and one are around the rotating tool spindle of self axis.On the tool spindle milling cutter or bistrique can be installed, the clamped one time workpiece just can carry out turning and milling or grinding, and the realization clamped one time is finished roughing and accurately machined technique.Improve working (machining) efficiency and precision.
See also Fig. 5, this figure is the structural representation of free-form surface processing device described in the third specific embodiment; Cutter in this scheme is the combination of three cutters, such as three lathe tools, or milling tool of two lathe tools, or one milling tool of lathe tool and a grinding tool, thereby can select different tool combinations according to the material of workpiece to be machined, realize best machining accuracy and efficient.
See also Fig. 6, this figure is the structural representation of free-form surface processing device described in the 4th kind of specific embodiment; Cutter in this scheme is a lathe tool.
Above-mentioned three kinds of embodiments only are the different of knife combination mode from the difference of the first embodiment, and other compositions and annexation and the first embodiment are identical, do not repeat them here.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. free-form surface processing device comprises:
The workpiece spindle unit;
Drive the driver element of described workpiece spindle unit rotational;
Drive the workpiece spindle feed unit of described workpiece spindle unit rapid axial displacement;
Knife unit;
Drive described knife unit slow axis to the tool feeding unit of radial displacement; It is characterized in that, also comprise the shaft coupling that is arranged between described workpiece spindle unit and the described driver element, described driver element is fixedly installed and described workpiece spindle unit can be with respect to described driver element axial displacement.
2. free-form surface processing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described shaft coupling is specially the coupling band that is fixed on the described workpiece spindle unit, can endwisely slip between the output shaft of described coupling band and described driver element, and both cross sections is suitable polygon.
3. free-form surface processing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described workpiece spindle unit comprises:
The workpiece spindle nose that links to each other with described workpiece spindle feed unit;
Workpiece spindle is connected with described driver element by described coupling band; With
Collet, the one end has the jaw of holding workpiece, and the outer of its other end compresses mutually with the outer face of described workpiece spindle nose, and the free end of described workpiece spindle links to each other with described collet after described workpiece spindle nose passes; And
Under the effect of workpiece spindle feed unit, described workpiece spindle nose is to workpiece direction or workpiece rightabout displacement the first distance, and described collet compresses and produces the strain clamping work pieces with the outer face of described workpiece spindle nose or separates with described workpiece spindle nose and unclamp workpiece.
4. free-form surface processing device according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described workpiece spindle unit also comprises:
Limiting component is arranged on the described workpiece spindle between described workpiece spindle nose and the shaft coupling; With
Elastomeric element, precommpression are arranged between described workpiece spindle nose and the described limiting component, and the jaw of described collet is the clamping work pieces shape; And
Have default second distance between the output shaft of described driver element and the described workpiece spindle, described second distance is less than described the first distance;
When described workpiece spindle nose to workpiece rightabout displacement second distance, described workpiece spindle and described output shaft offset, when described workpiece spindle nose continues to workpiece rightabout displacement the first distance, described workpiece spindle nose compresses described elastomeric element and separates with described collet and unclamp workpiece; When described workpiece spindle nose to workpiece direction displacement the first distance, described elastomeric element acts on described limiting component and workpiece spindle nose, the jaw of described collet is the clamping work pieces shape.
5. free-form surface processing device according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described limiting component is threaded with described workpiece spindle.
6. free-form surface processing device according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described elastomeric element is specially the disk spring that is sleeved on the described workpiece spindle.
7. each described free-form surface processing device in 6 according to claim 2 it is characterized in that having the static pressure gap of circumferential setting between the output shaft of described coupling band and described driver element, and described static pressure gap is communicated with the pressure medium pipeline.
8. free-form surface processing device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described pressure medium is specially gases at high pressure, and described static pressure gap is the 5-30 micron; Perhaps described pressure medium is specially highly pressurised liquid, and described static pressure gap is the 10-50 micron.
9. free-form surface processing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described knife unit has multiple cutter.
10. free-form surface processing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described driver element is specially servomotor; And be provided with angular encoder on the described servomotor, with the angle signal that obtains described workpiece spindle and the driver that feeds back to described servomotor, with the turned position of the described workpiece spindle of closed-loop control.
CN 201010299036 2010-09-28 2010-09-28 Free-form surface processing device Active CN102001026B (en)

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CN103567460B (en) * 2012-07-20 2016-08-24 鸿准精密模具(昆山)有限公司 Curved surface method for turning
CN103112493A (en) * 2013-02-22 2013-05-22 同济大学 Cable-driven steer-by-wire mechanism system for independent suspensions
CN105500152B (en) * 2014-05-04 2017-10-10 东莞劲胜精密组件股份有限公司 Glass 3D processing methods, process tool and process equipment

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Application publication date: 20110406

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