CN101994553B - 尿素喷射控制方法 - Google Patents

尿素喷射控制方法 Download PDF

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CN101994553B
CN101994553B CN201010257239.9A CN201010257239A CN101994553B CN 101994553 B CN101994553 B CN 101994553B CN 201010257239 A CN201010257239 A CN 201010257239A CN 101994553 B CN101994553 B CN 101994553B
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V·司脱特斯
S·C·怀亚特
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International Engine Intellectual Property Co LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
    • F01N2900/1806Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
    • F01N2900/1812Flow rate
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

一种尿素喷射控制系统(10),用于具有与SCR催化剂(18)流体连通的尾气管线(16)以及将尿素喷射入尾气管线的尿素喷射器(14)的运载工具,所述尿素喷射控制系统(10)包括用于控制尿素喷射器处的尿素喷射流量的控制器(12)。控制器(12)将优选尿素流量(20)与通过可变通流量计算器确定的可变通的尿素流量(22)进行比较。控制器(12)选择优选尿素流量(20)和可变通的尿素流量(22)中的最小值,并控制尿素喷射器(14)在所述最小值下喷射尿素。

Description

尿素喷射控制方法
技术领域
本发明总地涉及SCR系统,更具体地涉及用于将尿素喷射入SCR系统的控制方法。
背景技术
通常,尿素选择性催化还原系统(尿素SCR系统)用来还原来自内燃机的氮氧化物。尿素SCR系统依赖于将32.5%亲水尿素溶液喷射入SCR催化剂上游的运载工具尾气管线中。在SCR催化剂中,尿素分解,而从催化剂中排出的是N2、H2O和CO2
在喷射时,尿素溶液温度一般接近室温并较佳地低于60℃。SCR反应需要气态氨。为了生产气态氨,必须将喷射入的尿素溶液较佳地加热至150℃,以使水蒸发并使剩下的固态尿素分解为氨和异氰酸。如果蒸发和分解不彻底,由于没有充分可用的还原剂,SCR催化剂性能降低。此外,尿素的固态沉淀物可能形成在尾气管道内,这可能造成SCR系统的彻底失效。
蒸发和分解所需的热量是通过尾气提供的。在低尾气温度下,可用热量对尿素溶液的彻底蒸发和分解来说可能是不足的。
当前,SCR系统受到施加硬性温度极限的策略控制。如果尾气温度低于设定极限,典型为150-250℃,则尿素喷射停止。如果气体温度高于设定极限,则通过基于尾气中的NOx流量、SCR催化剂的性能特征以及SCR催化剂的氨储藏能力的控制策略来确定尿素喷射速度。
然而,设置硬性温度极限是不理想的。如果温度极限设置地太低,可能导致糟糕的蒸发和沉淀产生。如果温度极限设定地太高,则控制系统就不能利用可用于SCR反应的完整温度范围,当温度总体太低且频繁地低于预设极限时,对过渡工况而言能够利用SCR反应可用的完整温度范围是尤其重要的。这种操作的一个例子是时走时停或城市交通工具驱动循环。
发明内容
具有与SCR催化剂流体连通的尾气管线以及将尿素喷射入尾气管线的尿素喷射器的运载工具的尿素喷射控制系统包括用于控制尿素喷射器处的尿素喷射流量的控制器。控制器将优选尿素流量与通过可变通流量计算器确定的可变通尿素流量进行比较。控制器选择优选尿素流量和可变通尿素流量中的最小值,并控制尿素喷射器以该最小值来喷射尿素。
附图说明
图1是将尿素喷射入SCR系统的控制方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1,对最大容许尿素溶液喷射速率(Furea_max)的可变通极限根据尾气流量(Fexh)和温度(Texh)限制尿素给药速率,该限制规则是凭经验确定的。当前可变通极限与现有技术的硬性极限相反,在现有技术中尿素喷射当尾气温度不落在温度极限内时停止。
在尿素喷射控制系统10中,控制器12控制尿素喷射器14处的尿素流量,尿素喷射器14将尿素喷射入运载工具的尾气管16而在SCR催化剂18的上游分解。控制器12具有优选值20和可变通值计算器22。优选值20是通过优选SCR催化剂性能所需的氨浓度确定的,并可包括例如特定SCR系统的NOx流量、NOx转换要求、SCR动力、氨储藏状态和/或氨储藏需求之类的因素。典型地,优选值20不将尿素溶液蒸发和尿素分解的条件考虑在内。
可变通值计算器22接收尾气流量(Fexh)和温度(Texh)的输入值。在某些场合下,例如移动运载工具配有内燃机的场合,尾气流量测量值不可得,而是可从进气流量和燃料流量的值计算出,或使用来自内燃机控制单元的其它可用参数计算出。例如,氧浓度数据可通过一个或多个氧传感器或NOx传感器获得,其中一个传感器一般位于SCR催化剂18的上游并用来对SCR控制器12作前反馈,而另一传感器位于尾管中并用来反馈入SCR控制器12。燃料流量数据可用来计算尾气流量。
接着,使用下面公式计算最大容许尿素流量Furea_max
Furea_max=A*Fexh(Texh-Tmin)
其中,Furea_max=尿素溶液流量
Fexh=尾气流量
Texh=尾气温度
Tmin=截止温度
A=系数
系数A和Tmin可针对给定的SCR系统配置凭经验确定或校正。预期经验校正可能需要将特定SCR系统的独特参数考虑在内,例如热损耗、尿素溅射参数、发生尿素溶液喷射的SCR系统部分的几何形状、蒸发率以及发生尾气流的分解与混合的SCRF系统部分的几何形状。
系数A和Tmin也可从如下的基础热力学关系中得到。当喷射入SCR催化剂18上游的运载工具尾气管线时,尿素为32.5%亲水溶液。喷射的尿素溶液比尾气的温度(Texh)更低,因此能量从尾气转移至尿素溶液。作为能量转移的结果,尾气的温度(Texh)降低。所转移的能量用来加热尿素溶液、使水蒸发、使尿素蒸发并分解尿素:(NH2)2CO→NH3+HNCO。还假设HNCO水解缓慢,并且它对能量平衡的影响可忽略不计。
在最终平衡状态下,全部组成部分具有相同的温度,并且最终温度必须确保尿素的蒸发和分解。另外,尿素分解开始的理论值是132.7℃,并且尿素分解在大约130-180℃的范围内时——较佳在大约150℃时——最大。由于对管壁的热损耗,可能需要安全余量。因此,推荐的尿素给药速率(Furea)必须导致总是≥150℃的最终混合物温度(Tmin),这样就可提供高于132.7℃的理论值的安全因素。
尿素溶液的最大流量(Furea_max)可使用如下简化方程从尾气流和尾气温度值的任意给定组合的能量平衡中计算得到:
Furea_max=0.388Fexh(Texh-Tmin)
其中Furea_max=尿素溶液流量,克/小时
Fexh=尾气流量,千克/小时
Texh=尾气温度,℃
Tmin=截止温度,℃
应当理解,不同系数值工作在不同的单元。另外,更精确的分析可能导致略为不同的值,不是正好为0.388,而是较佳地在大约0.35至0.45的范围内。考虑到在任何情形下,用在运载工具中的系数应当使用试验数据凭经验调整和校正。
在计算出Furea_max后,在选择器24将流至尾气管16的尿素流量(Furea)选择为Furea_max和优选流量(Foptimum)的最小值。控制器12控制尿素喷射器14以在由选择器24确定的流量(Furea)下喷射尿素。如此,喷射流量(Furea)通过控制系统10针确定为对SCR催化剂性能最优的。
当前控制系统10对尿素喷射速率(Furea)进行微调。这种微调导致更好地利用仅将有限量的尿素安全喷射入的温度范围,并有助于防止尾气系统中不合需的尿素沉淀。所提出的本发明可用作附加于任何已知尿素喷射方法的安全装置并可实现在任何产业标准控制器中。
本发明可以其它具体形式体现而不脱离其精神或实质特征。所描述的实施例无论怎样都应当认为仅是示例性而非限定性的。因此,本发明的范围由所附权利要求书而不是前面的说明书指出。落在权利要求书的含义和等效范围的所有变化均涵盖在其范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种尿素喷射控制系统,用于与SCR催化剂流体连通的尾气管线以及用于将尿素喷射入所述尾气管线的尿素喷射器,所述尿素喷射控制系统包括:
用于控制所述尿素喷射器处的尿素喷射的流量的控制器,其中所述控制器将预确定的尿素流量与通过可变通流量计算器确定的可变通的尿素流量进行比较,所述控制器选择所述预确定的尿素流量和可变通的尿素流量的最小值,并控制所述尿素喷射器以所述最小值来喷射尿素;所述可变通流量计算器接收尾气流量和尾气温度的输入;
所述可变通流量计算器通过下面方程确定所述可变通的尿素流量:
Furea_max=A*Fexh(Texh–Tmin)
其中,Furea_max=可变通的尿素流量,克/小时
Fexh=尾气流量,千克/小时
Texh=尾气温度,°C
Tmin=截止温度,°C
A=系数。
2.如权利要求1所述的尿素喷射控制系统,其特征在于,所述系数A在0.35和0.45之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的尿素喷射控制系统,其特征在于,Tmin在130℃-180℃的范围。
4.如前述权利要求中的任何一项所述的尿素喷射控制系统,其特征在于,所述可变通流量计算器接收进口空气流、燃料流量、氧浓度和燃料流量中的至少一个量的输入以计算尾气流量和尾气温度。
5.如权利要求1所述的尿素喷射控制系统,其特征在于,所述控制器还包括用于选择预确定的尿素流量和可变通尿素流量的最小值并控制所述尿素喷射器以所述最小值来喷射尿素的选择器。
6.一种尿素喷射控制系统,用于与SCR催化剂流体连通的尾气管线以及用于将尿素喷射入所述尾气管线的尿素喷射器,所述尿素喷射控制系统包括:
用于控制所述尿素喷射器处的尿素喷射的流量的控制器,其中所述控制器将预确定的尿素流量与通过可变通流量计算器确定的可变通的尿素流量进行比较,所述可变通流量计算器接收尾气流量和尾气温度的输入;以及
在所述控制器处的选择器,所述选择器选择预确定的尿素流量和可变通的尿素流量中的最小值,其中所述尿素喷射器由选择器作出指令来以所述最小值喷射尿素;所述可变通流量计算器通过下面方程确定可变通的尿素流量:
Furea_max=A*Fexh(Texh-Tmin)
其中,Furea_max=可变通的尿素流量,克/小时
Fexh=尾气流量,千克/小时
Texh=尾气温度,°C
Tmin=截止温度,°C
A=系数。
7.如权利要求6所述的尿素喷射控制系统,其特征在于,所述系数A在0.35和0.45之间。
8.如权利要求6所述的尿素喷射控制系统,其特征在于,Tmin在130℃-180℃的范围内。
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US20110036078A1 (en) 2011-02-17
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