CN101993813B - Method for realizing energy biogasification by using waste organism - Google Patents
Method for realizing energy biogasification by using waste organism Download PDFInfo
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- CN101993813B CN101993813B CN2009100603633A CN200910060363A CN101993813B CN 101993813 B CN101993813 B CN 101993813B CN 2009100603633 A CN2009100603633 A CN 2009100603633A CN 200910060363 A CN200910060363 A CN 200910060363A CN 101993813 B CN101993813 B CN 101993813B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for realizing energy biogasification by using waste biology, which is a method for solving the problem of lacking natural gas supply by collecting human and animal excrement, food remaining garbage, crop waste, grass aquatic plants, deadwood, falling leaves and the like and producing biogas by using microbial anaerobic fermentation. Meanwhile, a large amount of high-quality organic fertilizer is supplied to the agriculture, wastes are changed into valuable, environmental protection is enhanced, and the job opportunity is increased.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to environment protection and bioenergy; thing is not to utilize the bioenergy fermentation to produce biogas in methane-generating pit in the waste materials such as movement, food refuse, wastes of crops and the green grass of people livestock and poultry, waterplant, deadwood, fallen leaves, to make up the more and more exhausted problem of Sweet natural gas.
Two, background technology
Urban residents' life energy is flourish
1, country supports rural methane facilities development energetically
Biogas is one of four large emphasis renewable energy source item of greatly developing at present of China.
Ministry of Agriculture's " 2003-2010 whole nation rural methane facilities development planning " has proposed: 2002 methane-generating pit total amount 1,100 ten thousand families, the whole nation in the end of the year, and plan was by 2010, and more than national methane-generating pit total amount reached 5,000 ten thousand families, the peasant household in the whole nation 20% can use biogas; 61,000,000,000 yuan of 2003-2010 gross investments, 44,900,000,000 yuan of central authorities' investments.Central authorities to investor's allowance standard are: 1200 yuan of northwest, the Northeast's each households, 1000 yuan of southwest each households, 800 yuan of other regional each households.Since 2005, the universal engineering of biogas began to accelerate to implement to the execute phase in each province, city from the central-government policy aspect, was that country shakes off poverty and sets out on the road to prosperity for solving the backward areas, Midwest, the Important Action of improving the ecological environment and taking.For biogas construction, each province, city have put into effect a series of supporting systems and have guaranteed carrying out smoothly of biogas project.
2006 " State Council of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is about advancing some suggestions of new socialist countryside " (in send out [2006] No. 1) pointed out: accelerate the rural energy construction paces, promote biogas in the suitable area, increase considerably the rural methane facilities development scale of investment, universal household biogas will be accelerated in place with good conditionsi ...
Point out in 2007 " about go ahead in a down-to-earth manner some suggestions of building Socialist New of develop actively agricultural " (in send out [2007] No. 1) ... accelerate development the rural area clean energy, continue to increase rural methane facilities development and drop into ...
Not only fiscal subsidy standard of country is improving, and the total value of fiscal subsidy is also increasing year by year.2002, the infusion of financial resources of country aspect rural methane facilities development was 300,000,000 yuan; 2003,1,000,000,000 yuan of rural methane facilities development national debt fund project initiations of country, project relates to 540 counties of 24 provinces in the whole nation, more than 6000 village, 1,030,000 peasant households; The rural methane facilities development national debt fund was 1,000,000,000 yuan in 2004,2005; 2006, country arranged 2,500,000,000 yuan of treasury bonds investments, was used for the Country Household Using Marsh Gas construction project, increased by 1.5 times than 2005, planned newly-increased biogas user 2,500,000 families; 2007 rural methane facilities development national debt fund increased more than 20% on the basis of 2,500,000,000 yuan in 2006.
Except the state revenue and expenditure subsidy, the corresponding proportion that each province, the finance of area, city are subsidized according to state revenue also drops into the part fund.In addition; the most government of economizing of China also from national poverty alleviation, move back also woods of consumption; natural forest protection fund, building a New Socialist Countryside, improve and take out a part of fund direct subsidy peasant household in the policies such as rural health environment; various places, city, county, township also build methane-generating pit to peasant household and subsidize in the situation that economic condition allows.
2, the production and use of marsh gas energy has brought material benefit to the peasant
Under the support of the many preferential policies of country, methane-generating pit has been built up in vast rural area one after another, not only changed the rural health environment, change the enamelware pot of cooking in the past and burned situation with the smoke fire of material grass, prove according to the actual service condition in the rural area, Guanghan City, Sichuan Province at patent applicant place, farmers''s methane-generating pit is as long as use the working specification operation to use in strict accordance with safety in production, throughout the year normal gas producing, go out fertilizer, discharge tail water is as clear as crystal, in order to water the field, plant vegetables, fertile fruit tree, fertilizer efficiency is all well and good, kills in addition the effect of insect pest.Fen slag slurry confession composite chemical fertilizer factory makes raw material, is in great demand very much.
3, the characteristic of biogas
Biogas contains CH
450-70%, and CO
2, H
2, N
2, CO, H
2The gases such as S, the calorific value of every cubic metre of biogas can reach the 5500-6500 kilocalorie, and temperature of combustion can reach 1400 ℃, a 8-10m
3Methane-generating pit, can produce biogas 1m daily
3, can replace the burning of 3000～4000 jin of straws, breakfast, lunch and dinner were done meal except one day, also can be used to heat up water have a bath, and boiled feed, and the lighting system etc. of lighting a lamp evening has solved peasant household's domestic energy required basically.
Biogas fermentation is organism under isolated air and certain temperature, humidity condition, produce the process of biogas through the anaerobic fermentation of microorganism, the various microorganisms of participating in biogas fermentation all belong to anaerobies organotrophy type bacterium, wherein are mainly various biogas bacteriums such as Ovshinsky methagen, methane sarcine and horse Zai Shi micrococcus etc.
In marsh gas fermentation processes, the decomposition and inversion process of organic substance substantially can be in two steps: be at first various anaerobies cellulose-decomposing bacterias, microbes of pectin discomposing, butyric acid bacteria and in each quasi-microorganism acting in conjunction of disliking decomposing protein, fat, carbohydrate under gas condition, the organic substance of complexity is resolved into acetic acid (CH
3COOH), lactic acid (CH
3CH
2COOH, CH
3CHOHCOO3), butyric acid (CH
3CH
2CH
2COOH, [CH
3]
2CHCOOH), methyl alcohol (CH
3OH), ethanol (CH
3CH
2OH), butanols (CH
3CH
2CH
2CH
2OH) etc. be main organism, and carbonic acid gas (CO
2), hydrogen sulfide (H
2S) and ammonia (NH
3) etc. inorganics.Secondly, organic acid, alcohol, carbonic acid gas and hydrogen etc. that above-mentioned complicated organic matter decomposition produces, then through the effect of biogas bacterium, generate methane from number of ways, its chemical reaction is as follows:
A. the methyl by acid and alcohol forms methane
CH
3COOH→CH
4+CO
2
4CH
3OH→3CH
4+CO
2+2H
2O
B. make carbon dioxide reduction form methane by Alcohol oxidation
2CH
3CH
2OH+CO
2→2CH
3COOH+CH
4
2CH
3CH
2CH
2CH
2OH+CO
2→2CH
3CH
2CH
2COOH+CH
4
C. utilize hydrogen to make carbon dioxide reduction form methane
CO
2+4H
2→CH
4+2H
2O
Be the process of various anaerobe comprehensive actions due to biogas fermentation, therefore in same methane-generating pit, different fermenting processs is arranged, intermesh and carry out.
Therefore biogas is the product of multiple-microorganism fermentative action, heals when vigorous when the vital movement of biogas microorganism, produces biogas just the more, and methane-generating pit fertilizer is also many, quality; Otherwise aerogenesis is few, goes out fertilizer also low, and fertilizer efficiency is not high.So, in order to carry out good biogas fermentation, create the adapt circumstance condition will for the biogas microorganism.
A. require the methane-generating pit must be strictly airtight, must accomplish water-tightly, gas tank be air tight.
B. inoculate the high-quality marsh gas bacterium.As all can with biogas scum, old manure pit slag, cloaca mud etc.
C. batching is wanted suitably, and the output of biogas is relevant with raw-material carbon nitrogenize.Its carbon-nitrogen ratio of general requirement is 30～40: 1 is better.This just requires fecaluria, green grass, straw, dry branches and fallen leaves etc. into the pond to add in proportion.
D. amount of water is the important factor of methane tank gas production, and general control is in 50% left and right of wet feed amount, and wet feed is 70～80% left and right of butt.
E. the temperature general control is advisable at 20～40 ℃.
F. potential of hydrogen, the activity in pH6～8 scopes of biogas bacterium is the most prosperous, and gas production rate is high.Often accumulate a large amount of organic acids in fermented liquid, the pH value is reduced, generally the unslaked lime of raw material dry weight 0.1～0.2% commonly used is in neutralization.
G. material in the pond is stirred in good time, make that in the pond, material fully ferments.
Except containing a large amount of methane gas, also contain the phosphuret-(t)ed hydrogen (PH of a small amount of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and severe toxicity in biogas
3).Hydrogen sulfide and phosphuret-(t)ed hydrogen cause that easily the people is poisoning, when using biogas, transfer lime, cut down, instrument etc. should be strictly on guard against gas leakage, answers the timing cycle inspection in time to process.When methane-generating pit goes out fertile slag and keeps in repair, the gases such as methane in the pond must be discharged, after being full of fresh air, personnel just allow to enter in the pond, to avoid casualty accident.Biogas should take off PH by ammonium water before for the user
3Tower and devulcanizer are used after removing obnoxious flavour again.
Biogas not only contains toxic gas, should be before the resident uses in to remove, more because biogas is inflammable gas, in case arrive certain proportion with air mixed, meet spark and just fierce blast can occur, destructive power is very big, therefore, produces and uses all and must carry out in strict accordance with " working specification is used in safety in production ".At design aspect, should bursting diaphragm be set at the key position on pipeline, on equipment, on the pipeline of necessity, safety water seal device is set, in case produce tempering return-air accident when lighting a fire with gas.
4, people livestock and poultry movement, food refuse, wastes of crops and green grass, waterplant, deadwood, fallen leaves etc. are the valuable source material of biogas production
Fertile part of content of people livestock and poultry movement is high, it is fast to become thoroughly decomposed, fertilizer efficiency is good, is applicable to various soil and various crop, and obvious effect of increasing production is therefore always paid attention to by the peasant.But wherein keep a large amount of parasitic ovums, should remove by the methane-generating pit biological fermentation.
People's animal dung urine is that food is through digesting the part that is not absorbed and used and excretes.Wherein approximately contain 70～80% moisture, the organic substance of 20% left and right, main component is the intermediate product of Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, fat, lipid acid, protein and other decomposition etc.; Content of mineral substances approximately 5% is mainly the salts such as silicate, phosphoric acid salt, muriate and calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium.These are all the necessary nutrients of farm crop.
People's animal dung urinates that not only nutrient content is higher, and quantity is very large, occupies critical role on the source of manure.The urbanization residential building, be high buildings and large mansions basically at present, and water closet is all realized in the lavatory, a large amount of human excrement all pour septic tank with tap water, flow into river, river, pond, lake from water drain after liquefaction, cause environmental pollution, also slattern valuable organic fertilizer resource and water source.
Since rural area single household can utilize the livestock and poultry manure, construction of marsh gas tank is produced biogas, to solve the life such as rural area fuel illumination required energy problem, has also obtained a large amount of high-quality organic fertilizer, has improved the environmental health condition, reduces mosquitos and flies breeding site.More have ready conditions in the city normally, and the human excrement of discharging is put together, and by large and medium-sized (determining size according to the residential quarter amount) methane-generating pit, produces biogas, replenishes the resident living energy.As: take the residential quarter as the unit, or take adjacent apartment, several buildings as the unit, distinguish construction of marsh gas tank, stand, establish the personal management, also can solve the part problem of employment.Methane-generating pit tail water is consistent with the solvable composition of scum, can directly be used as solution, exhaustless concentrate make purifying treatment after, " reuse water " of specialize in water closet or cleaning, watering flowers etc. used.The biogas scum is the fertilizer of high-quality, and a Da Qu can build an Organic Fertilizer Plants, regularly from the methane-generating pit of each Residential areas, stand, draw in fertilizer plant with the groove tank car and make raw materials for production.According to rough calculation, press present circumstances, every cubic metre of biogas, the commodity valency of delivering to the user is 1 yuan of left and right approximately, and this valency is welcome by the resident necessarily very lower than Sweet natural gas or coal gas valency.
5, the natural gas source breach is very large, and the situation is pressing
According to reports, China's PetroChina Company Limited.'s gas production in 2008 is 61,700,000,000 m
3, increased by 13.8% on a year-on-year basis, account for national gas production rate more than 70%.To China's natural gas demand breach in 2010 at 20,000,000,000 m
3The left and right will reach 90,000,000,000 m to the year two thousand twenty breach
3Sweet natural gas is Nonrenewable energy resources, and supply can be fewer and feweri, and situation is very severe.
Some developed countries, utilizing the living methanogenic fairly large test of microbiological anaerobic digestion farm refuse in the world.Britain has set up the automated plant of methanation, can replace the gas consumption amount of whole Britain 25%.The U.S. has built in one pasture a methane fermentation factory, can process 1650 tons of barnyard manure every day, and 11.3 ten thousand m can be provided
3The methane gas in/sky, enough 100,000 family families use.The U.S. has had 24 place's bioenergy fermentation engineerings at present, and as seen they under the energy dilemma prestige is assisted, are got ahead of others already.
Since China's reform and opening-up, economic conditions have a great development, under the harsh situation that current financial crisis have swepts the globe, and the keying action of still taking on mainstay.But in the situation that energy dilemma is aggressive, other country has all early taked the look ahead strategy of providing for a rainy day.And China is populous, in the in great shortage situation of resource, how can abandon urban population and concentrate, and the large number of biological such as human excrement, food residual refuse can the valuable like this resource of high quality raw material waste!
Three, summary of the invention
1, the objective of the invention is a large amount of human excrement and the food refuse that utilize the city to emit in vain, produce biogas with the methane-generating pit biological fermentation, for the more and more under-supply severe situation of the life of urban resident energy.
2, the object of the present invention is achieved like this.
Bioenergy can utilize in the rural area rural area waste materials such as people, animal, brid guano urine and straw, green grass, dry branches and fallen leaves to come implementation success, and key is technical reaching a standard, and the active support of the government, thus just flourish like the mushrooms after rain.The sixties in 20th century, Sichuan Lee's secretary of provincial Party committee wellspring was once wished and can be used biogas in the city that he lives.But be willing to gnaw this first crab as the no one, fail to realize always.
3, the features and advantages of the invention:
The city resident is aspect setting up biogas problem, and condition is more superior than the rural area, except above-mentioned favourable condition, can take following measures:
A, make rational planning for urbanite water consumption pipeline and sewer line
Water supply pipeline sets up water supply pipe separately and reuse water pipeline two is.The tap water piping specializes in that life is drunk, cooked, washes in a pan dish, the use such as wash clothes; The reuse water piping is for flushing the toilet, water closet, mopping the floor, water flowers and plants etc. as sanitation and hygiene.Sewer line also divides two to be: one is that after comprising water closet draining and the treated device pulverization process of kitchen food residual refuse, water rinses, and flows in the lump methane-generating pit, for fermentation methane production; Another is to comprise that washing machine, kitchen wash, wash one's face, gargle and brush teeth, have a bath and Clean-rear sewage, enters in the lump sewer line and delivers to sewage works, makes reclaimed wastewater reuse or drain into irrigation canals and ditches (seeing accompanying drawing 1) after harmless treatment
B, methane-generating pit are built in 4 meters absolute altitude places of appropriate location, residential quarter below ground (being as the criterion with opening for feed), and both being convenient to apartment one is that outfall sewer drains into methane-generating pit, does not take up an area again the greening place of face.The supporting corrosion resisting centrifugal pump in every pond, in order to carry natural pond liquid, natural pond slag and regularly from opening for feed to the pond in spray to recoil material poured in the pond, a part of natural pond slag is refluxed and the abundant mixing of charging, do the nature inoculation, simultaneously natural pond material in the pond is stirred, make it fermentation more abundant rapider.Gas producing efficiency is higher.
C, biogas scum regularly are transported to fertilizer plant with the groove tank car and make the fertilizer raw material, tail water is naturally banished and is made liquid fertilizer, flowers and trees, lawn are afforested in pouring on the spot, exhaustless from flowing to the waterplant nutriment such as pond, lake, algae pool, wetland, confession water lettuce, reed, water caltrop, lotus, beautify the environment, waterplant has not only purified water quality but also can collect and make poultry, fowl feed, or returns to methane-generating pit after pulverizing, increase carbon-nitrogen ratio, guarantee the methane-generating pit sound operation.Reached the eubiosis.
D, methane-generating pit are designed to a spheroidal (or circle drum), the skeleton construction pond, and its area of dissipation is minimum, and volume is maximum, is stressed evenly.What determine the ball diameter according to biotope population.Requiring can withstand voltage 1kg/cm
2, outer wall is coated with the expanded vermiculite powder grout thermal insulation layer of one deck 2cm left and right thickness, can stablize the interior temperature of methane-generating pit in optimum fermentation temp.Interior wall liner is with the acid and alkali-resistance porcelain plate, or chloroprene rubber, or silica gel rubber or glass reinforced plastic protective layer, in case the liquid that recoils washes away the damage pool wall.(seeing accompanying drawing 2)
E, another is that outfall sewer (sewage) drains into sewage works, is made for reuse water after unified the processing, or enters the ditch and bleed off.
F, secure context, the similar performance of biogas and Sweet natural gas is all inflammable and explosive easily poisoning gas, its safety requirements is in full accord.The present most cities resident use Sweet natural gas of safety has had complete rules and regulations to the safe handling management of Sweet natural gas, it is transplanted to the safe handling standard of biogas and comes, and is feasible necessity.
Aspect safety features, except aspect transfer lime and equipment, arrange on demand outside explosion-proof equipment, at gas distribution station, a tank cover-floating type gas holder is set, the unbalanced contradiction of buffering resident's gas consumption.And at the pipeline enclosure of turnover gas holder, one Safety water seal is set respectively, prevent that tempering refluence gas from destroying equipment; (seeing accompanying drawing 1)
G, owing to going out to contain a small amount of H in methane-production-pool device
2S and PH
3Gas, not only to human body tool toxic, and to tool corrodibility such as hardware pipe fittings, the sieve plate that this project adopts PVC plastics to make takes off PH
3Tower bottom, biogas are altered uniformly Xi Anshui that sieve plate hole eye and top sprays into and are made reverse convection matter and change processing, to remove PH wherein
3Severe toxicity gas becomes ammonium phosphate and is used as chemical fertilizer, and biogas enters the devulcanizer that next in-built solid takes off S agent hammer scale or manganese ore again and removes H
2S。Devulcanizer be one cylindrical, up and down with torispherical head sealing, biogas enters from the devulcanizer bottom, through the desulfurization layer, removes H
2After S gas, from the air outlet, top, then enter gas holder after entering the gas storage holder water sealed tank.
Four, embodiment
1, the invention process foundation:
Supporting and encourageing of government policy:
Stipulate in just in (investing [2002] No. 1591) file " about advancing the suggestion of municipal effluent, industralization of garbage disposal development " as far back as National Development and Reform Committee in 2002, the Ministry of Construction, State Environmental Protection Administration, and provincial government's relevant document is also stipulated, carry out on recycling treatment at domestic waste, formulated preferential policy and vigorously supported:
1. according to national regulation, provide the project land needed with administrative way of allocation, pay land use charge and various workmen's compensation by government;
2. government's Concession in China's system, promise to undertake within 30 year operational period and the project overlay area in, no longer rebuild similar projects, guarantee the uniqueness of Construction Party's franchise operation.
3. be responsible for the co-ordination of the Infrastructure auxiliary construction of project land used by government.
4. government levies garbage fees, presses the relevant policies regulation, to the processing special subsidies expense of project construction unit's payment rubbish per ton.
5. government should coordinate Environmental sanitation management and relevant departments, be responsible for municipal wastes is cleared to the waste resources chemical plant at this project place and process.
6. government's coping resources processing item purpose water, the electricity charge give preferentially by national relevant regulations, and help enterprise to strive for the treatment of reducing or remiting the taxes.
7. in project construction, government should safeguard that from urban construction the financial funds such as tax, building site transfer fee, suitable the arrangement supported, and coordinates national debt fund, commercial loan etc., to make up the deficiency of investor's construction fund.
8. by Government Coordination relevant departments, handle the operating concessions formality according to the provisions of the relevant regulations issued by the State, coordinate the procedures of submitting reports for approval such as project verification, planning, environmental protection, forestry, water guarantor.
Construction and the development of public welfare enterprise are encouraged and supported to these preferential policies energetically.Bioenergy develops in city resident's concentration zones, allows life of urban resident energy biogas, and the meaning of its energy-conserving and environment-protective is not second to the production and use of marsh gas.As previously mentioned, there is not hell and high water in technical elements, and the resident has also grasped general knowledge and the experience of safe handling Sweet natural gas.
2, concrete enforcement
At first the candidate support of government expediently, the combination area of city and country of selection city neighborhood according to the residential quarter population what, designs the methane-generating pit volume, then PH is taken off in how many configurations according to gas production rate
3The facilities such as tower, devulcanizer, gas storage holder.
As: take residential quarter population 1000 people as example, build a methane-generating pit and gas distribution station.
Use fact according to methane-generating pit, the methane-generating pit energy every day material handling 1kg of every cubic meters capacity can produce biogas 0.3m
3
With for each person every day abundance of food (comprising main non-staple food) after digesting and assimilating, the excretion fecaluria is about 1kg on average, food residual refuse (comprising leftovers leftovers live stock and fowl bone slag dish bits etc.) 1kg in addition, namely on average nearly 2kg waste can be for entering methane-generating pit, as the raw material of fermentation generation biogas for each person every day.
: the methane-generating pit volume of 1000 people resident residential quarters should be
1000 people * 2kg/ man day ÷ 1kg/m
3My god=2000m
3
Diameter D
Ball=7.86m, outer surface area S
Ball=195m
2
Produce the biogas amount every day:
2000 * 0.3=600m
3/ day (can supply 600 people's gas consumptions)
Be to concentrate on breakfast, lunch and dinner after ante cibum because the resident has a bath as meal with biogas, and before the sleep in evening, gas consumption is unbalanced, stores tolerance 400m therefore select
3Gas holder cushions.
3, economical effectiveness aspect:
Every m
3The commodity valency of biogas is defined as 1 yuan/m
3
Every day, the income of biogas was 600 yuan
The biogas scum is provided with machine fertile factory and makes raw material, and the 3000kg wet feed is approximately arranged every day, and in 2 jiaos of every kg wet feeds, every day, income was 600 yuan.
(it is 2900 yuan/T that fertilizer marketing valency, Panshi City, Jilin produce the Shi Zebao valency, after biogas operation normal operation, in the conditions being possessed situation, with approval of authority after, then set about building a spraying drying and produce Organic Fertilizer Plants)
4, artificial aspect:
Production of methane tank operation is by three-shift, per tour 1 people, and totally 3 people, biogas gas distribution station operational administrative personnel press two-shift, per tour 1 people, totally 2 people, separately establish a people allotment and management routine matter, 6 people altogether comprehensively.
80 yuan of meters of average salary for each person every day, every day labour expenses 80 * 6=480 unit
Under the normal condition of production, every day except the labour expenses, can be remaining 1200-480=720 unit.As maintenance and daily expenditure.
As above give the estimation tally with the actual situation, this project can be kept normal production basically, and does not need government to subsidize especially.
5, secure context:
Because biogas belongs to inflammable, explosive, easily makes the poisoning gas of people, must set up a whole set of strict safety in production, use working specification, require all pipe-line equipments of native system, all must be qualified through leak test, pressure testing before bringing into use, and need to carry out replacement Treatment through self-produced biogas, through being up to the standards, prove wherein oxygen level Ex-all or be controlled in safety range, just grant and put into operation.Operator in service should operate in strict accordance with working specification, should detect one time along process pipeline, equipment, each connection place etc. every two hours, whether have and leak or abnormality, as once finding abnormal conditions, should in time process, guarantee that total system moves under safety case.Also need work out the per light maintenance first quarter once, annual overhaul scheduled overhaul once, crucial rotating machinery as noncorrosive pump, should be set up one and do standby.
The total system biogas pressure is pressed 150cm～200cm water colunm pressure operation, uses terminal that enough air pressure is arranged to guarantee that biogas is transported to.
In addition, also to use for reference managerial experience and the rules and regulations of Sweet natural gas safe handling, accomplish whenever exist without any potential safety hazard.
Fertilizer standard GB/T 8172-87
Organic ≮ 8%
Total nitrogen ≮ 0.4%
Total phosphorus ≮ 0.2%
Total potassium ≮ 0.8%
pH?6～9
Moisture content ≯ 40%
Five, description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing 1 is schematic flow sheet: a, ball-shaped biogas digester; B, natural pond slag are starched the transferpump that recoils; PH is taken off in c, injection
3Device; D, ammonium water-circulating pump; E, ammonium tank; F, devulcanizer; G, bell-jar gas storage holder; h
1,2, Safety water seal; I, natural pond slag slurry transfer cart; J, water closet; K, food refuse disposer; L, boiled kettle; M, frying pan; N, the pot of cooking; O, naughty food bucket; P, the place of washing one's face and rinsing one's mouth; Q, washing machine; R, cleaning water; S, ﹠ bathing water heater; T, waterplant crusher; U, air water separator; V, biogas strapping table; W, macerate the pond in advance.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the major equipment schematic diagram:
Fig. 2-1 is ball-shaped biogas digester: a, opening for feed; B goes out natural pond liquid mouth; C, go out the biogas mouth; D, go out the natural pond cinder notch; E, the biogas residue liquid mouth that recoils; F, manhole.
Fig. 2-2 are devulcanizer: a, inlet mouth; B, air outlet; C, dress sweetening agent hole; D, unload the sweetening agent hole.
PH is taken off for spraying in Fig. 2-3
3Device: a, inlet mouth; B, air outlet; C, enter the ammonium mouth of a river; D, go out the ammonium mouth of a river.
Claims (9)
1. one kind is utilized useless biology to realize the method for energy biogas, it is characterized in that, and by spheroidal or the circle drum that a Steel Concrete is made, can withstand voltage 1kg/cm
2, the tool opening for feed goes out the biogas mouth, goes out natural pond liquid mouth and slag notch, and the closed methane-generating pit that natural pond liquid circulation recoils mouthful is main body, and PH is taken off in a supporting ammonium jet of water decompression
3Device and the devulcanizer that solid desulfurating agent is housed, the ammonium water-circulating pump, the biogas scum liquid circulation transferpump that recoils, the gas distribution station that hydrolock gas storage holder and air water separator form is realized energy biogas, with the problem of supplemental natural gas supply shortage.
2. the useless biology of a kind of utilization according to claim 1 is realized energy biogas method, it is characterized in that, described Steel Concrete spheroidal or circle drum methane-generating pit, liner acid and alkali-resistance porcelain plate or silicon rubber lining or glass reinforced plastic lining or chloroprene rubber lining are with washing away of protection against corrosion and the stirring that recoils; Opening for feed is set, goes out the biogas mouth, go out natural pond liquid mouth and slag notch, the natural pond liquid circulation mouth that recoils, manhole, peep hole, temperature-measuring port; Outer wall is coated with one deck expanded vermiculite powder grout thermal insulation layer.
3. the useless biology of a kind of utilization according to claim 1 is realized energy biogas method, it is characterized in that, PH is taken off in described ammonium jet of water decompression
3Device adopts PVC plastics or A
3Steel is made, and biogas enters in device from upper lateral part, from the top, at a high speed sprays into hydraucone by a reducing with rare ammonium water, carries out in the same way matter with the biogas that enters and changes, and removes the PH in biogas
3, making it to generate ammonium phosphate as fertilizer, biogas is because of ammonium water high-velocity jet, and injection generation negative pressure, and position is in the same way put to such an extent that the higher negative pressure that produces heals greatly, thereby makes decompression in methane-generating pit, is beneficial to biological fermentation.
4. the useless biology of a kind of utilization according to claim 1 is realized energy biogas method, it is characterized in that, the devulcanizer of described in-built solid desulfurating agent, a container cylindrical, that the up and down makes with torispherical head, in-built hammer scale or manganese ore sweetening agent, biogas enters in device from the bottom, by the desulfurization layer, after removing wherein hydrogen sulfide, export from top.
5. the useless biology of a kind of utilization according to claim 1 is realized energy biogas method, it is characterized in that, the described biogas scum liquid circulation transferpump that recoils, it is a corrosion resistant centrifugal infusion pump, the natural pond liquid of whole methane tank system, natural pond slag, forward recoil at a high speed in the pond from opening for feed with this impeller pump and make it to be easy to charging, simultaneously natural pond liquid, natural pond slag in the pond are stirred, to improve microbial fermentation rate in the pond, and enter tank car with this pump delivery natural pond liquid, slag, be transported to fertilizer plant and make the fertilizer raw material.
6. the useless biology of a kind of utilization according to claim 1 is realized energy biogas method, it is characterized in that, described spheroidal or circle drum methane-generating pit, be as the criterion with opening for feed and be arranged on ground level lower 4 meters absolute altitude places, be beneficial on the one hand the fecaluria of inhabitation building, after the treated device of kitchen food refuse, from flowing into methane-generating pit, it does not take up an area the face position, is conducive to the methane-generating pit insulation yet.
7. the useless biology of a kind of utilization according to claim 1 is realized energy biogas method, it is characterized in that described hydrolock gas storage holder, that a metal bell jar floats in tank, how much float with the biogas consumption the energy up and down, and inside and outside wall is through rotproofing, to solve the unbalanced problem of gas consumption.
8. the useless biology of a kind of utilization according to claim 1 is realized energy biogas method, it is characterized in that, described hydrolock gas storage holder arranges respectively a Safety water seal device at its air inlet mouth of pipe and the mouth of pipe of giving vent to anger, and occurs to prevent gas tempering or refluence accident.
9. the useless biology of a kind of utilization according to claim 1 is realized energy biogas method, it is characterized in that, it is first Fringe Area residential quarter construction methane-generating pit in a city, utilize the fecaluria of the daily excretion of resident and food residual refuse, deadwood, fallen leaves, green grass, waterplant, after the treated device of wastes of crops, crusher, gravity flow enters methane-generating pit, utilizes the anaerobe fermentation to produce biogas for the domestic energy needs.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP1726352A1 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2006-11-29 | Jürgen Kaufmann | Process and device for processing biogas or fermentation gas |
| CN101337757A (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-07 | 李明华 | Method for preparing bio anaerobic effusion methane by dry fermentation |
| WO2008128776A3 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2009-01-15 | Heinrich Follmann | Method for the purification of biogas, and biogas produced using said method |
| CN101423846A (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2009-05-06 | 创东能源环保科技（福建）有限公司 | Non-pollution marsh gas fermentation processing method and apparatus thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1726352A1 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2006-11-29 | Jürgen Kaufmann | Process and device for processing biogas or fermentation gas |
| WO2008128776A3 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2009-01-15 | Heinrich Follmann | Method for the purification of biogas, and biogas produced using said method |
| CN101337757A (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-07 | 李明华 | Method for preparing bio anaerobic effusion methane by dry fermentation |
| CN101423846A (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2009-05-06 | 创东能源环保科技（福建）有限公司 | Non-pollution marsh gas fermentation processing method and apparatus thereof |
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