CN101993125A

CN101993125A - Solar vacuum seawater desalination device

Info

Publication number: CN101993125A
Application number: CN2010105492381A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨辉雄
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-11-18
Filing date: 2010-11-18
Publication date: 2011-03-30
Anticipated expiration: 2030-11-18
Also published as: WO2012065503A1; CN101993125B

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar vacuum seawater desalination device comprising a base body, a seawater guiding unit, vacuum extraction equipment, a solar hot water circulation mechanism, cooling equipment, a fresh water collection unit and a saline matter recovery unit. The solar vacuum seawater desalination device has simple structure, mainly guides seawater by utilizing vacuum extraction and then distills the seawater by dint of the temperature of solar hot water so that water and saline matters which are contained in the seawater are separated, thereby achieving the effect of seawater desalination. The solar vacuum seawater desalination device is provided with the base body; a heating layer, an evaporating layer and a cooling layer are separated in the base body; the solar hot water is circularly arranged on the heating layer; heat temperature is transmitted to heat the seawater by utilizing a heat pipe penetrating through the heating layer to be positioned on the evaporating layer so that boiling vapors of the seawater contact with a supercooled pipe of the cooling layer to distill to form fresh water to be colleted and discharged in sections; and the bottom of the heating layer is provided with a salt discharge pipe for discharging the saline matters. The invention is used for carrying out the vacuum seawater desalination by applying natural solar resources, thereby achieving the purpose of reasonably using resources and enhancing the transformation efficiency of the fresh water.

Description

A kind of solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of sea water desalting technology, be meant a kind of solar heating structure especially, can save the sea water desalinating plant of great amount of cost.

Background technology

97.2% water is impotable seawater on the earth, and fresh water only accounts for 2.8%, wherein 70% again on the south, the ice and snow form of the arctic exists, actual provision human life activity's water is only less than 0.8% of total amount." water is the oil of 21 century ".United Nations prediction, 21 century fresh water will become the most nervous natural resources in the world.At present, desalination technology has natural cold method, artificial cold method, solar seawater desalination method, nuclear desalination method and multistage flash evaporation (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) technology.Wherein most widely used maximum be multistage flash evaporation (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) technology.The throughput of multistage flash evaporation (MSF) accounts for 56% of whole world sea water desaltination ultimate production, and in the 4000t/d sea water desalinating plant, MSF accounts for 77.3% in the world, and maximum unit is made outlet capacity and reached 5.46 * 104m ³/ d.Yet the energy consumption height is the greatest problem of MSF technology, thereby has formed the bottleneck that the MSF desalination process moves towards market.The throughput of reverse osmosis (RO) accounts for 88% of desalination water market, the whole world, and the unit of RO is made outlet capacity and generally is not more than 1 * 104m ³/ d.RO technology existing problems are the life-span and the antipollution problem of film, and the development of key equipments such as China's seawater reverse osmosis membrane, high-pressure pump, energy recycle device does not at present make a breakthrough as yet.Extract fresh water with artificial refrigerated method from seawater, topmost problem still is that cost is too high.

The present sea water desalinating plant that generally adopts, its device is to utilize engine exhaust pipes and dynamo engine vapor pipe on the ship, cooperates a condensing equipment to constitute, and wherein this condensing equipment is provided with a recirculated water water inlet, an one recirculated water water outlet and a distillation water-in, and inside is provided with prolong; The periphery of this leading engine vapor pipe and dynamo engine vapor pipe surrounds with a metal sheet and forms an evaporation equipment, and this leading engine vapor pipe and this dynamo engine vapor pipe are separated with a dividing plate in metal sheet inside, making this leading engine vapor pipe place is the sweating room of a sealed state, and this dynamo engine vapor pipe pairing be a thermostatic chamber; In addition, the sweating room upper surface offers water inlet pipe and vapour pipe, and wherein water inlet pipe one end extends in the sweating room and to should the leading engine vapor pipe, the other end connects the distillation water-in of condensing equipment, and this vapour pipe then links to each other with prolong one end of condensing equipment.

The sweating room of this kind structure sea water desalinating plant evaporates water with the leading engine exhaust pipe heat, and the quantity of steam that it produced is not high and have not high shortcoming of vaporization efficiency.In addition, this sea water desalinating plant extends into water inlet pipe one end in the sweating room and to should the leading engine vapor pipe, the other end connects the distillation water-in of condensing equipment, its most of steam can not enter this vapour pipe and produce to condense and flow back in the sweating room from sweating room, therefore, it has the shortcoming that can't collect distilled water really.Moreover this device carries out the process of sea water desaltination and all carries out under normal pressure.Since under the normal pressure boiling point of water be the boiling point of 100 ℃ and seawater with it approximate but height slightly.When distilling under this high temperature, the power consumption that not only heats up increases, in condensation process, also must provide bigger heat-exchange capacity and the power consumption that makes condensing works also can with increase.So, the cost that unit makes the water yield with raising.

Chinese invention patent publication number CN200910022145.0, open day: on 09 23rd, 2009, denomination of invention: a kind of solar energy sea water desalination apparatus; A kind of solar energy sea water desalination apparatus is disclosed, comprise a salt water heater, a condensing heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, described salt water heater is made of water collecting basin and covering crown solar energy collector thereon, condensing heat exchanger is introduced seawater by the seawater inlet tube, and seawater is caused in the water collecting basin with the water-supply pipe of water collecting basin UNICOM by one; Crown solar energy collector is made up of the polylith transparent glass; Every transparent glass is all biconvex mirror, being incident upon the every lip-deep sunlight of transparent glass focuses on respectively on the interior seawater liquid level of water collecting basin, crown solar energy collector top links to each other with condensing heat exchanger by closed tube, the water vapour water conservancy diversion of water collecting basin evaporation is become fresh water through condensation in the condensing heat exchanger export from fresh water pipe.Described water collecting basin is circular water collecting basin, turn up in its upper edge, and have " recessed " type groove, crown solar energy collector left-hand thread is in this " recessed " type groove, the portion water steam runs into the solar energy collector internal surface and is condensed into liquid water, the heat collector internal surface is slipped in " recessed " type groove, as the usefulness of water seal.Described every transparent glass is all hexagon, and its inscribed circle is the biconvex minute surface, and each hexagon transparent glass interconnects the back and forms cellular crown solar energy collector.Described condensing heat exchanger comprises many row's sinuous coils, and sinuous coil is provided with coil pipe and moves towards vertical nest plate type fin, and the sinuous coil inlet is provided with lower collector pipe UNICOM seawater inlet tube; Outlet is provided with upper header UNICOM water-supply pipe.

Adopt the solar energy sea water desalination apparatus of this kind structure can solve the expensive problem in the desalting process in the prior art to a certain extent, but its structure of the solar energy sea water desalination apparatus of this kind structure is comparatively complicated, and the fresh water transformation efficiency is not high.

Summary of the invention

For overcoming above-mentioned defective, purpose of the present invention promptly is to provide a kind of simple in structure, solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator that the fresh water transformation efficiency is high.

The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator of the present invention, it mainly is to utilize extracting vacuum to import seawater, utilizes the temperature of solar water to distill seawater again, and water, salt in its seawater are separated, reach sea water desaltination, mainly comprise: a matrix, a seawater imports unit, a vacuum drawn equipment, one solar heat water circulation mechanism, one cooling apparatus, a fresh water collector unit, a salt reclaims the unit;

Wherein, described matrix comprises: zone of heating, evaporation layer and cooling layer, be provided with a thermal capacitance chamber in this zone of heating, and being provided with the plural number that passes, the indoor correspondence of this thermal capacitance props up heat pipe, and on this heat pipe, be provided with a ring dividing plate, and correspondence is provided with evaporation layer above this zone of heating, and above this evaporation layer cooling layer is set, and is provided with a cooling plate in the cooling layer bottom;

Described seawater imports the unit, be that correspondence is arranged in the evaporation layer of matrix, mainly comprise the seawater ingress pipe, have the open-work of many importing seawater on this seawater ingress pipe tube wall, seawater can being imported in the evaporation layer of matrix, and on the seawater ingress pipe, be provided with a control valve of going into the water yield; Described vacuum drawn equipment is that correspondence is connected on the evaporation layer of matrix, and it is provided with the pressure of the vacuum state of the corresponding sensing evaporation layer of tensimeter inside; Described solar heat water circulation mechanism, be attached at the zone of heating of matrix for the correspondence setting, it mainly comprises an insulation water butt, this insulation water butt is provided with out, go into the corresponding solar panels equipment of circulation tube, will import in the insulation water butt by the hot water circulation that solar panels equipment is produced, and this insulation water butt links a power pumping, thermal capacitance with the zone of heating that hot water in the bucket can be imported matrix is indoor, transfer heat energy to evaporation layer via heat pipe, with with the seawater heating evaporation in the evaporation layer, be provided with a delivery line by the thermal capacitance chamber and be linked to the insulation water butt with circulating hot water; Described cooling apparatus is that correspondence is arranged on the cooling plate of matrix cooling layer, is provided with many radiating fins on cooling plate, and group is provided with several supercool conduits on radiating fin, so that low temperature is reached cooling plate, and allows steam condense into water droplet at cooling plate; Described fresh water collector unit, be that correspondence is arranged in the matrix evaporation layer, and it is corresponding below the cooling plate of cooling layer, it is to be provided with one to accept the Sheng groove of desalinating water droplet, this Sheng groove has gradient, and Water seeks its own level goes into pipeline to allow, and pipeline is provided with first section, second section magnet valve switch, and two magnet valve switch rooms are provided with a tank, to accept the desalination water that first section magnet valve switch derived;

Described salt reclaims the unit, and it is to connect a recycling pipeline at the funnelform ring dividing plate bottom of evaporation layer salt place of settling, is provided with on recycling pipeline and prevents that extraneous air from infiltrating first, second diaphragm valve.

Further, set ring dividing plate is a funnel-form on the described zone of heating.

Further, described seawater ingress pipe is provided with a control valve of going into the water yield.

Further, described power pumping is an automatic lift pump.

Further, the cooling plate in the described cooling layer is a V-arrangement.

Further, described solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator also comprises: be used to control that power pumping keying, control valve seawater import that the water yield what, vacuum drawn equipment open and close, the control unit of the keying of magnet valve switch and diaphragm valve, this control unit is supplied electric power simultaneously.

Further, described control unit adopts the sun-generated electric power method of supplying.

Further, described control unit adopts the mains supply method of supplying.

Adopt the solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator of this kind structure, its mechanism is simple, it mainly is to utilize extracting vacuum to import seawater, the temperature that relends solar water is distilled seawater, make the water in its seawater, salt separates, reach the effect of sea water desaltination, wherein be to be provided with a matrix, in matrix, divide and be separated with zone of heating, evaporation layer and cooling layer, and be arranged at zone of heating with the sun power hot water circulation, and utilize the heat pipe that wears zone of heating and be positioned at evaporation layer, the transmission of heat temperature is added hot sea water, make the supercool conduit of its seawater ebullient steam contact cooling layer, discharge and distillation forms fresh water and collect segmentation, the bottom of zone of heating then is provided with the salt discharge pipe of discharge salt; Use natural solar energy resources to carry out the sea water desaltination of vacuum shape, reach the purpose of leverage resources, improved the efficient that fresh water transforms.

Description of drawings

In order to be easy to explanation, the present invention is done to describe in detail by following preferred embodiment and accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction synoptic diagram of a kind of embodiment of a kind of solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the working process synoptic diagram of a kind of embodiment of a kind of solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the cooling apparatus local structure synoptic diagram of a kind of embodiment of a kind of solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the fresh water collector unit local structure synoptic diagram of a kind of embodiment of a kind of solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the control texture skeleton diagram of a kind of embodiment of a kind of solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator of the present invention.

Embodiment

In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer,, the present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explanation the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.

See also a kind of solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator of Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 the present invention, it mainly is to utilize extracting vacuum to import seawater, utilizes the temperature of solar water to distill seawater again, and water, salt in its seawater are separated, reach sea water desaltination, mainly comprise: a matrix 1, one seawater imports unit 2, one vacuum drawn equipment 3, one solar heat water circulation mechanism 4, one cooling apparatus, 5, one fresh water collector units, 6, one salts reclaim unit 7;

Wherein, described matrix 1 comprises: zone of heating 11, evaporation layer 12 and cooling layer 13, be provided with a thermal capacitance chamber 111 in this zone of heating 11, and correspondences are provided with the plural number that passes and prop up heat pipe 112 in this thermal capacitance chamber 111, and on this heat pipe 112, be provided with a ring dividing plate 113, and correspondence is provided with evaporation layer 12 above this zone of heating 11, and these evaporation layer 12 tops are provided with cooling layer 13, is provided with a cooling plate 131 in cooling layer 13 bottoms;

Described seawater imports unit 2, be that correspondence is arranged in the evaporation layer 12 of matrix 1, mainly comprise seawater ingress pipe 21, the open-work 211 that has many importing seawater on these seawater ingress pipe 21 tube walls, seawater can being imported in the evaporation layer 12 of matrix 1, and on seawater ingress pipe 21, be provided with a control valve 22 of going into the water yield; Described vacuum drawn equipment 3 is that correspondence is connected on the evaporation layer 12 of matrix 1, and it is provided with the pressure of the vacuum state of a tensimeter 31 corresponding sensing evaporation layers 12 inside; Described solar heat water circulation mechanism 4, be attached at the zone of heating 11 of matrix 1 for the correspondence setting, it mainly comprises an insulation water butt 41, this insulation water butt 41 is provided with out, go into

circulation tube

42,43 corresponding solar panels equipment 44, will import in the insulation water butt 41 by the hot water circulation that solar panels equipment 44 is produced, and should link a power pumping 45 by insulation water butt 41, in the thermal capacitance chamber 111 with the zone of heating 11 that hot water in the bucket can be imported matrix 1, transfer heat energy to evaporation layer 12 via heat pipe 112, with with the seawater heating evaporation in the evaporation layer 12, be provided with a delivery line 46 by thermal capacitance chamber 111 and be linked to insulation water butt 41 with circulating hot water; Described cooling apparatus 5, be that correspondence is arranged on the cooling plate 131 of matrix 1 cooling layer 13, on cooling plate 131, be provided with many radiating fins 51, and group is provided with several supercool conduits 52 on radiating fin 51, low temperature being reached cooling plate 131, and allow steam condense into water droplet at cooling plate 131; Described fresh water collector unit 6, be that correspondence is arranged in matrix 1 evaporation layer 12, and it is corresponding below the cooling plate 131 of cooling layer 13, it is to be provided with one to accept the Sheng groove 61 of desalinating water droplet, this Sheng groove 61 has gradient, and Water seeks its own level goes into pipeline 62 to allow, and pipeline 62 is provided with first section, second section

magnet valve switch

63,65, and two magnet valve switch rooms are provided with a tank 64, to accept the desalination water that first section magnet valve switch 63 derived;

Described salt reclaims unit 7, and it is that funnelform ring dividing plate 113 bottom salt place of settlings at evaporation layer 12 connect a recycling pipeline 71, is provided with on recycling pipeline 71 and prevents that extraneous air from infiltrating first,

second diaphragm valve

72,73.

Ring dividing plate 113 set on the described zone of heating 11 is a funnel-form.

Described seawater ingress pipe 21 is provided with a control valve 22 of going into the water yield.

Described power pumping 45 is an automatic lift pump.

Cooling plate 131 in the described cooling layer 13 is a V-arrangement.

Described solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator also comprises: be used to control that power pumping 45 opens and closes, control valve 22 seawater import that the water yield what, vacuum drawn equipment 3 open and close, the control unit 8 of the keying of magnet valve switch and diaphragm valve, this control unit 8 is supplied electric power simultaneously.

During use, at first, be to utilize evaporation layer 12 extracting airs of vacuum drawn equipment 3 in this matrix 1 with matrix 1, to form vacuum state, utilize the pressure of the vacuum state of the corresponding sensing evaporation layer 12 of tensimeter simultaneously, when evaporation layer 12 is the state of negative pressure of vacuum, its seawater imports seawater ingress pipe 21 meetings of unit 2 with the seawater suction, via the open-work on the tube wall 211, allow seawater inject by evaporation layer 12, and being carried on funnelform ring dividing plate 113 tops, its water yield of going into that imports seawater is then controlled by control valve 22 correspondences; Thereafter, again the hot water in the solar heat water circulation mechanism 4 is imported the thermal capacitance chamber 111 of matrix 1 zone of heating 11, promptly the hot water that is produced via solar panels equipment 44 imports in the insulation water butt 41 by going out circulation tube 42, and insulation water butt 41 links a power pumping 45, hot water in the bucket can be imported the thermal capacitance chamber 111 of the zone of heating 11 of matrix 1, via heat pipe 112 with the thermal energy transfer of hot water to evaporation layer 12, will encircle the seawater heating evaporation of dividing plate 113 tops, the hot water that continuous delivery line 46 by thermal capacitance chamber 111 will move back temperature is led back insulation water butt 41, mat is gone into circulation tube 43 water is led back solar panels equipment 44 heating again, to keep hot water circulation; Then, heat pipe 46 in the zone of heating 11 utilizes the hot water in the solar heat water circulation mechanism 4 that seawater is heated, make its evaporation and stay salinity, and steam is when rising to cooling layer 13, utilize the supercool conduit 52 in the cooling apparatus 5 that low temperature is communicated to V-arrangement cooling plate 131, allow steam condense into water droplet, and the temperature of steam also can utilize radiating fin 51 to derive at V-arrangement cooling plate 131, and simultaneously via 52 coolings of supercool conduit; Then, at 131 agglomerative desalinations of V-arrangement cooling plate water droplet, Sheng groove 61 via fresh water collector unit 6 is accepted, and to contain groove 61 height designs, allow Water seeks its own level goes into pipeline 62, and be to open first section magnet valve switch 63 at this moment, and close second section magnet valve switch 65, water then flows in the tank 64, when tank 64 water storages have expired, open second section magnet valve switch 65 again, and close first section magnet valve switch 63, prevent that extraneous air from infiltrating matrix 1 inside, to guarantee the vacuum state of evaporation layer 12; In addition, at the sedimentary salt in ring dividing plate 113 bottoms of zone of heating 11, be that the recycling pipeline 71 of utilizing salt to reclaim unit 7 derives, and utilize the design of two-section type valve, when promptly opening first diaphragm valve 72, close second diaphragm valve 73, to allow thick liquid import recycling pipeline 71 with salt grain, thereafter, open second diaphragm valve 73 again, close first diaphragm valve 72, allow the thick liquid of salt grain discharge, to prevent that extraneous air from infiltrating 1 one of matrix, to guarantee the vacuum state of evaporation layer 12.

Moreover, see also shown in Figure 5, the running of all equipment among the present invention, as the keying, seawater of controlling power pumping 45 import the open and close operation of keying, magnet valve switch and diaphragm valve of control valve 22, the vacuum drawn equipment 3 of the water yield, all utilize control unit 8 to control and power, and its power supply mode can adopt the sun-generated electric power supply, or general commercial power supply.

The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention, all interior any modifications of doing in the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included in protection scope of the present invention in.

Claims

1. a solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator mainly comprises: matrix (1), seawater importing unit (2), vacuum drawn equipment (3), solar heat water circulation mechanism (4), cooling apparatus (5), fresh water collector unit (6), salt reclaims unit (7);

It is characterized in that, described matrix (1) comprising: zone of heating (11), evaporation layer (12) and cooling layer (13), be provided with thermal capacitance chamber (111) in this zone of heating (11), and being provided with the plural number that passes, this interior correspondence in thermal capacitance chamber (111) props up heat pipe (112), and on this heat pipe (112), be provided with ring dividing plate (113), and evaporation layer (12) is set in this zone of heating (11) top correspondence, and this evaporation layer (12) top is provided with cooling layer (13), is that cooling plate (131) is set in cooling layer (13) bottom;

Described seawater imports unit (2), be correspondence be arranged on matrix (1) evaporation layer (12) in, mainly comprise seawater ingress pipe (21), the open-work (211) that has many importing seawater on this seawater ingress pipe (21) tube wall, in the evaporation layer (12) that seawater can be imported matrix (1), and on seawater ingress pipe (21), be provided with a control valve (22) of going into the water yield; Described vacuum drawn equipment (3), be correspondence be connected matrix (1) evaporation layer (12) on, it is provided with the pressure of the inner vacuum state of the corresponding sensing evaporation layer of tensimeter (31) (12); Described solar heat water circulation mechanism (4), be attached at the zone of heating (11) of matrix (1) for the correspondence setting, it mainly comprises insulation water butt (41), this insulation water butt (41) is provided with out, go into circulation tube (42), (43) come corresponding solar panels equipment (44), importing by the hot water circulation that solar panels equipment (44) are produced in the insulation water butt (41), and should link power pumping (45) by insulation water butt (41), in the thermal capacitance chamber (111) with the zone of heating (11) that hot water in the bucket can be imported matrix (1), transfer heat energy to evaporation layer (12) via heat pipe (112), with with the seawater heating evaporation in the evaporation layer (12), be provided with delivery line (46) by thermal capacitance chamber (111) and be linked to insulation water butt (41) with circulating hot water; Described cooling apparatus (5), be that correspondence is arranged on the cooling plate (131) of matrix (1) cooling layer (13), on cooling plate (131), be provided with many radiating fins (51), and go up group at radiating fin (51) and be provided with several supercool conduits (52), low temperature being reached cooling plate (131), and allow steam condense into water droplet at cooling plate (131); Described fresh water collector unit (6), be that correspondence is arranged in matrix (1) evaporation layer (12), and corresponding cooling plate (131) below in cooling layer (13), it is to be provided with the Sheng groove (61) of accepting the desalination water droplet, this Sheng groove (61) has gradient, Water seeks its own level goes into pipeline (62) to allow, pipeline (62) is provided with first section, second section magnet valve switch (63), (65), and two magnet valve switch rooms are provided with tank (64), to accept the desalination water that first section magnet valve switch (63) derived;

Described salt reclaims unit (7), it is to connect a recycling pipeline (71) at funnelform ring dividing plate (113) bottom of evaporation layer (12) salt place of settling, is provided with on recycling pipeline (71) and prevents that extraneous air from infiltrating first, second diaphragm valve (72), (73).

2. solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: it is funnel-form that described zone of heating (11) is gone up set ring dividing plate (113).

3. solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described seawater ingress pipe (21) is provided with a control valve (22) of going into the water yield.

4. solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described power pumping (45) is an automatic lift pump.

5. solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the cooling plate (131) in the described cooling layer (13) is a V-arrangement.

6. solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator also comprises: be used to control that power pumping (45) opens and closes, control valve (22) seawater imports that the water yield what, vacuum drawn equipment (3) open and close, the control unit (8) of the keying of magnet valve switch and diaphragm valve, this control unit (8) is supplied electric power simultaneously.

7. solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described control unit (8) adopts the sun-generated electric power method of supplying.

8. solar energy evacuated fresh-water generator as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described control unit (8) adopts the mains supply method of supplying.