CN101988413B - 排气系统 - Google Patents
排气系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101988413B CN101988413B CN200910204181.9A CN200910204181A CN101988413B CN 101988413 B CN101988413 B CN 101988413B CN 200910204181 A CN200910204181 A CN 200910204181A CN 101988413 B CN101988413 B CN 101988413B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen oxide
- fuel
- catalyst
- sparger
- waste gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 365
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003863 metallic catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000030279 gene silencing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
- F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/30—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel reformer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种排气系统,其可包括排气管路,燃烧废气通过该排气管路排放至外部、氮氧化物纯化催化剂,所述氮氧化物纯化催化剂被装在排气管路上且使用未燃燃料或碳氢化合物还原废气中的一部分氮氧化物并扩散另一部分以储存在其中、将燃料注入废气管路的喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂,所述燃料裂解催化剂被置于喷射器和氮氧化物纯化催化剂之间以通过热分解活化从喷射器另外注入的燃料,从而产生高反应活性的还原剂,以及控制部分,所述控制部分控制喷射器在预定条件下另外注入燃料,从而使得氮氧化物纯化催化剂使用活化的还原剂分离并还原储存在其中的氮氧化物。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2009年7月30日提交的韩国专利申请号10-2009-0070235的优先权,该申请的全部内容以全文引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及排气系统。更特别地,本发明涉及用于减少包含于废气中的氮氧化物的排气系统。
背景技术
通常,使通过发动机的排气歧管排出的废气流经装在待净化的排气管中部的催化转换器,且在废气通过尾管排放至外部之前,当其流经消声器时其噪音被降低。
所述催化转换器处理包含于废气中的污染材料。而且,将粒子过滤器装在排气管上以捕集包含于废气中的粒状材料(PM)。
选择性催化还原设备为一类催化转换器。在选择性催化还原装置(SCR)中,如一氧化碳、总碳氢化合物(THC)等的还原剂与氮氧化物而不是氧良好反应,这就是其被称为选择性催化还原装置(SCR)的原因。
在安装选择性催化还原装置的内燃发动机中,根据废气中氮氧化物量连续且另外地注入燃料。因此,碳氢化合物从选择性催化还原装置放出(slipped),且燃料消耗增加。
而且,当连续供应还原剂时,氧化/还原反应也在废气管中连续进行。因此,催化剂的耐用性被在氧化/还原反应过程中形成的反应热降低。
在此背景部分公开的上述信息仅为了增强对本发明的背景的理解,因此其可含有不形成在该国家为本领域技术人员已知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面涉及提供一种具有如下优点的排气系统,即该排气系统储存废气的氮氧化物并在预定的条件下注入另外的燃料以解吸储存的氮氧化物,从而改进氮氧化物的纯化效率。
在本发明的一个方面,排气系统可包括排气管路,燃烧废气通过该排气管路排放至外部、氮氧化物纯化催化剂,所述氮氧化物纯化催化剂被装在排气管路上且使用未燃燃料或碳氢化合物还原废气中的一部分氮氧化物并扩散另一部分以储存在其中、将燃料注入废气管路的喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂,所述燃料裂解催化剂被置于喷射器和氮氧化物纯化催化剂之间以通过热分解活化从喷射器另外注入的燃料,从而产生高反应活性的还原剂,以及控制部分,所述控制部分控制喷射器在预定条件下另外注入燃料,从而使得氮氧化物纯化催化剂使用活化的还原剂分离并还原储存在其中的氮氧化物。
所述排气系统可进一步包括催化的粒子过滤器,所述催化的粒子过滤器被装在排气管路上以捕集并消除废气中的粒状材料。
所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器和氮氧化物纯化催化剂可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述催化的粒子过滤器、喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、氮氧化物催化剂和催化的粒子过滤器可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
燃料裂解催化剂和催化的粒子过滤器的至少一个可包括氧化包含于废气中的污染材料的氧化催化剂功能。
在本发明的另一方面,所述排气系统可包括氧化包含于废气中的污染材料的氧化催化剂。
所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、氧化催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器和氮氧化物纯化催化剂可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器、氧化催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述喷射器、氧化催化剂、燃料裂解催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器和氮氧化物纯化催化剂可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述喷射器、氧化催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器、燃料裂解催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述喷射器、催化的粒子过滤器、氧化催化剂、燃料裂解催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述喷射器、催化的粒子过滤器、燃料裂解催化剂、氧化催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、氮氧化物纯化催化剂、氧化催化剂和催化的粒子过滤器可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、氮氧化物纯化催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器和氧化催化剂可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器、氮氧化物纯化催化剂和氧化催化剂可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述氧化催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器、喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述催化的粒子过滤器、氧化催化剂、喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂可在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
所述喷射器可包括将燃料注入进气口(intake air)或注入发动机汽缸的第一喷射器,和与所述第一喷射器分开并安置在氮氧化物纯化催化剂之前以将燃料另外注入排气管路的第二喷射器。
如上所述,在储存于氮氧化物纯化催化剂中的氮氧化物量小于本发明的预定值的情况下,燃料从喷射器注入排气管路,该另外注入的燃料被活化为燃料裂解催化剂中的还原剂,且储存于氮氧化物纯化催化剂中的氮氧化物通过待纯化的还原剂而被解吸。
本发明的方法和装置具有由并入本文的附图和如下具体实施方式(其一起用于解释本发明的特定原理)而显而易见,或者在并入本文的附图和如下具体实施方式中更详细说明的其他特征和优点。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的一个示例性具体实施方案的排气系统的示意图。
图2为根据本发明的一个示例性具体实施方案的排气系统的基本示意图。
图3显示本发明的排气系统的变形的示例性具体实施方案。
图4为显示氮氧化物被捕集在根据本发明的一个示例性具体实施方案的排气系统中的情况的示意图。
图5为显示氮氧化物从根据本发明的一个示例性具体实施方案的排气系统分离的情况的示意图。
应了解所附附图不必须按比例缩放,其显示说明本发明的基本原理的各种特征的些许简化的表示。本文公开的本发明的具体设计特征,包括例如具体尺寸、取向、位置和形状,部分通过特定的预期应用和使用环境确定。
在全部附图的几幅图中,图中的附图标记指本发明的相同或等价部分。
具体实施方式
现在详细参考本发明的各种具体实施方案,本发明的实施例在附图中说明并如下描述。尽管本发明将结合示例性具体实施方案进行描述,但应了解本说明书并不意图将本发明局限于那些示例性具体实施方案。相反,本发明意图不仅涵盖示例性具体实施方案,还涵盖包括于由权利要求书限定的本发明的精神和范围内的各种变化、改变、等同和其他具体实施方案。
在下文将参考附图详细描述本发明的一个示例性具体实施方案。
图1为根据本发明的一个示例性具体实施方案的排气系统的示意图。
参考图1,排气系统包括进气管路100、控制部分104、发动机110、第一喷射器102、排气管路112、涡轮增压器111、第二喷射器116、燃料裂解催化剂118、催化的粒子过滤器120、氮氧化物纯化催化剂130、差压传感器124、第一温度传感器114、第二温度传感器122、第三温度传感器126和第四温度传感器132。
将燃烧空气供应至进气管路100,且装在发动机110中的第一喷射器102将汽油或柴油燃料注入汽缸。在本发明的一个示例性具体实施方案中,空气和燃料在待供应的进气管路100的进气歧管内混合。
发动机110的汽缸中的燃烧废气通过排气管路112排放至外部,将涡轮增压器111(例如涡轮机)安置于发动机110后面的排气管路处,且涡轮增压器111连接至进气管路100以将气体增压进入发动机。
将第二喷射器116、燃料裂解催化剂118、催化的粒子过滤器120和氮氧化物纯化催化剂130顺序安置于涡轮增压器111后面的排气管路112上,将第一温度传感器114安置于涡轮增压器111和第二喷射器116之间,并将第二温度传感器122安置于燃料裂解催化剂118和催化的粒子过滤器120之间。
差压传感器124检测催化的粒子过滤器120前后之间的压差以将其信号传递至控制部分104。
将第三温度传感器126安置于氮氧化物纯化催化剂130的前面,并能将第四温度传感器132和氮氧化物传感器置于氮氧化物纯化催化剂130的后面。所述第一、第二、第三和第四温度传感器(114、122、126和132)检测通过它们的废气温度,且氮氧化物传感器检测包含于废气中的氮氧化物量。
催化的粒子过滤器120捕集废气中的粒状材料(PM),并在预定条件下燃烧所述粒状材料。
在由差压传感器测量的压差高于预定值的情况下,控制部分104控制以再生催化的粒子过滤器120。在此情况下,第一喷射器102或第二喷射器116另外注入燃料以燃烧捕集于催化的粒子过滤器120内的煤烟。
第二喷射器116根据控制部分104的控制而将燃料注入排气管路112。特定地,燃料可在废气温度高于200摄氏度而有效地蒸发的条件下注入。
废气中的HC与储存于氮氧化物纯化催化剂130中的氮氧化物的比例在图像数据(map data)中设定,在实际驾驶条件下控制部分104比较HC与NOx的比例和图像数据中的预定值,在所述值低于预定值的情况下,操作第二喷射器116以将燃料注入排气管路中。也就是说,增加HC与NOx的比例。
燃料裂解催化剂118通过催化剂反应切断燃料内的碳化合物的链环以分解燃料。也就是说,燃料裂解催化剂118通过热裂解切断形成碳氢化合物的连接环以分解燃料。在本文中,所述热裂解如同下述步骤进行。
C16H34→2n-C8H17 *→n-C6H13 *→n-C4H9 *→C2H5 *→C2H4
C16H34→8C2H4+H2,*表示自由基。
而且,燃料裂解催化剂118将一部分碳氢化合物转化为与氧结合的碳氢化合物以活化从第二喷射器116注入的燃料。
此外,燃料裂解催化剂118将作为待蒸发的液体注入的燃料转化为高反应活性的还原剂,同时通过氧化反应减小氧浓度,并增加废气温度。在本文中,Pt、Pd和Rh用作催化剂组分。
可以将氮氧化物检测传感器安置于氮氧化物纯化催化剂130的后面,且该氮氧化物检测传感器检测废气内的氮氧化物量以将相关信号传递至控制部分104。同时,NOx的储存量能通过实验值由预定图像数据预测而不使用氮氧化物检测传感器。
控制部分104基于通过传感器检测的信号和图像数据控制燃料注入量和燃料注入时间,从而解吸和还原捕集于氮氧化物纯化催化剂130中的氮氧化物。
例如,在储存于氮氧化物纯化催化剂130中的氮氧化物量大于预定值的情况下,控制部分104控制喷射器另外注入燃料。
在本文中,控制部分104控制碳氢化合物(HC)与氮氧化物(NOx)的比例变得大于预定比例,从而解吸和还原储存于氮氧化物纯化催化剂130中的氮氧化物。在本文中,预定比例可以为8。
再次参考图1,氮氧化物纯化催化剂130包括第一催化剂130a和第二催化剂130b,将所述第二催化剂130b带有间隙地安置于所述第一催化剂130a的后面,合意的是加强所述第一催化剂130a的耐热性能并加强所述第二催化剂130b的碳氢化合物还原性能。
图2为根据本发明的一个示例性具体实施方案的排气系统的基本示意图。
参考图2,在排气管路112上,将第二喷射器116安置于发动机110的下游,将燃料裂解催化剂118安置于第二喷射器116的下游,并将氮氧化物纯化催化剂130安置于燃料裂解催化剂118的下游。
图3显示本发明的排气系统的变形的示例性具体实施方案。
参考图3,第二喷射器116、燃料裂解催化剂(118、DFC)、催化的粒子过滤器(120,DPF)、氮氧化物纯化催化剂130和氧化催化剂(300、DOC)的排列顺序能在各种具体实施方案中变化。
参考图4至图6,排气系统在下文根据本发明的示例性具体实施方案详细描述。
图4为显示氮氧化物被捕集在根据本发明的一个示例性具体实施方案的排气系统中的情况的示意图。图5为显示氮氧化物从根据本发明的一个示例性具体实施方案的排气系统分离的情况的示意图。
如图4和图5所示,氮氧化物纯化催化剂130包括涂布在载体上的第一和第二催化剂层444和446。将所述第一催化剂层444安置于与废气相邻,并将所述第二催化剂层446安置于与载体相邻。
所述第一催化剂层444与包含于废气中的未燃燃料或碳氢化合物通过氧化/还原反应氧化废气的氮氧化物,并还原一部分氧化的氮氧化物。
而且,氧化的氮氧化物的另一部分扩散进入所述第二催化剂层446。如图4和图5所示,所述第一催化剂层444包括沸石催化剂412和在多孔氧化铝上形成的金属催化剂414的至少一种。
沸石催化剂412为其中铜、铂、锰、铁、钴、镍、锌、银、铈和镓的至少一种元素被离子交换的催化剂。沸石催化剂412中的化学反应如下描述。
Z-Cu2+O-+NO→Z-Cu2+(NO2 -)ads→Z-Cu2++NO2
Z+O-+NO→Z+(NO2 -)ads→Z++NO2
Z-Cu2+(NO2 -)ads+NO→Z-Cu2+N2O3 - ads→Z-Cu2+O-+N2+O2
Z-H++CnH2n→Z-CnH2n+1 +→n(Z-H)+CnH2n +
mNO2+CnH2n+→CnH2nNmO2m→N2+CO2+H2O
在本文中,“Z”表示沸石,下标“ads”表示吸附。
而且,在多孔氧化铝上形成的金属催化剂414包括铂、钯、铑、铱、钌、钨、铬、锰、铁、钴、铜和锌的至少一种元素。在多孔氧化铝上形成的金属催化剂414中的化学反应如下。
NO+O2→(NOx)ads
THC+(NOx)ads→THC-ONO或THC-NO2
THC-NO2→THC-NCO
THC-NCO+NO+O2→N2+CO2+H2O
在本文中,THC表示碳氢化合物。如上所述,碳氢化合物表示由包含于废气和燃料中的碳和氢组成的化合物。
所述第二催化剂层446储存所述第一催化剂层444的一部分氧化的氮氧化物,并通过在预定条件下另外注入的燃料解吸储存的氮氧化物以在第一催化剂层444中将它们还原。
如上所述,所述预定条件为储存于第二催化剂层446中的氮氧化物量高于图像数据的预定值,从而使得氮氧化物的还原反应在第一催化剂层444中被活化的情况。
所述第二催化剂层446包括贵金属408和氮氧化物储存材料406。所述氮氧化物储存材料406能为BaO(氧化钡或氢氧化钡)。贵金属408促进氮氧化物储存材料406储存氮氧化物。如铂、钯等的各种金属材料能为贵金属408的元素。
在下文,将描述本发明的操作原理。
氮氧化物储存模式
在储存于第二催化剂层446的氮氧化物的量小于预定值的情况下,废气中的氮氧化物在第一催化剂层444中被氧化,一部分氧化的氮氧化物通过氧化-还原反应与废气的碳氢化合物反应成为氮气,其另一部分被储存于第二催化剂层446。在此过程中,废气中的碳氢化合物被氧化为二氧化碳。在第一催化剂层444中形成的反应如下式显示。
NO+1/2O2→NO2
NO+HC→1/2N2+CO2
而且,当另一部分氧化的氮氧化物和废气的氮氧化物扩散进入第二催化剂层446而储存于其中时,第二催化剂层446的贵金属408促进氮氧化物储存材料406储存氮氧化物。在第二催化剂层446中形成的反应如下式显示。
BaO+2NO2+1/2O2→Ba(NO3)2
氮氧化物再生模式
在储存于第二催化剂层446的氮氧化物高于预定值的情况下,控制部分104控制第二喷射器116注入燃料。另外注入的燃料流过燃料裂解催化剂(118,DFC),且该燃料裂解为低分子。而且,一部分低分子碳氢化合物转化为与氧结合的碳氢化合物流过氮氧化物纯化催化剂130。
此时,氮氧化物通过与碳氢化合物的置换反应从第二催化剂层446解吸,且该过程主要如下式显示。
Ba(NO3)2+3CO→BaCO3+2NO+2CO2
而且,氮氧化物通过与碳氢化合物/氧结合的碳氢化合物和从第一催化剂层444中的第二催化剂层446解吸的氮氧化物之间的氧化-还原反应而被还原为氮气,且与碳氢化合物/氧结合的碳氢化合物被氧化为二氧化碳。这如下式显示。
NO+HC/氧化HC=1/2N2+CO2
如上所述,包含于废气中的氮氧化物和碳氢化合物被纯化。
不同于连续注入燃料,当废气中的HC与NOx的比例低于本发明的示例性具体实施方案中的预定值时,控制部分104控制第二喷射器116注入燃料。因此,燃料在根据驾驶条件的优化条件下另外注入,从而防止了碳氢化合物的放出并减少了燃料消耗。
为了解释的方便和权利要求书中的准确限定,术语“前面”和“后面”参考附图中显示的示例性具体实施方案的特征的位置而用于描述这种特征。
本发明的特定示例性具体实施方案的前述描述已为了说明和描述的目的而显示。它们不意图为穷举的或将本发明局限于所公开的精确形式,且根据上述教导许多改变和变化明显是可能的。选择并描述示例性具体实施方案以为了解释本发明的某些原理和它们的实际应用,由此使得本领域技术人员能够制造并利用本发明的各种示例性具体实施方案及其各种替代和改变。本发明的范围意图由权利要求书及其等同方式限定。
Claims (19)
1.一种排气系统,其包含:
排气管路,燃烧废气通过该排气管路排放至外部;
氮氧化物纯化催化剂,所述氮氧化物纯化催化剂被装在排气管路上,且使用未燃燃料或碳氢化合物还原废气中的一部分氮氧化物并扩散另一部分以储存在其中;
将燃料注入废气管路的喷射器;
燃料裂解催化剂,所述燃料裂解催化剂被置于喷射器和氮氧化物纯化催化剂之间以通过热分解活化从喷射器另外注入的燃料,从而产生高反应活性的还原剂;以及
控制部分,所述控制部分控制喷射器在预定条件下另外注入燃料,从而使得氮氧化物纯化催化剂使用活化的还原剂分离并还原储存在其中的氮氧化物,
其中所述氮氧化物纯化催化剂包括涂布在载体上的第一和第二催化剂层,所述第一催化剂层安置于与废气相邻,氧化废气的氮氧化物,并还原一部分氧化的氮氧化物,所述第一催化剂层包括在多孔氧化铝上形成的金属催化剂,所述第二催化剂层安置于与载体相邻,储存所述第一催化剂层的一部分氧化的氮氧化物,并通过在预定条件下另外注入的燃料解吸储存的氮氧化物以在所述第一催化剂层中将它们还原,所述第二催化剂层包括贵金属和氮氧化物储存材料,且所述氮氧化物储存材料为氧化钡或氢氧化钡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统,其进一步包含装在排气管路上以捕集并消除废气中的粒状材料的催化的粒子过滤器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的排气系统,其中所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器和氮氧化物纯化催化剂在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
4.根据权利要求2所述的排气系统,其中所述催化的粒子过滤器、喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
5.根据权利要求2所述的排气系统,其中所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、氮氧化物纯化催化剂和催化的粒子过滤器在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
6.根据权利要求3、4或5的其中一项所述的排气系统,其中燃料裂解催化剂和催化的粒子过滤器的至少一个包括氧化包含于废气中的污染材料的氧化催化剂功能。
7.根据权利要求2所述的排气系统,其进一步包含氧化包含于废气中的污染材料的氧化催化剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的排气系统,其中所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、氧化催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器和氮氧化物纯化催化剂在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
9.根据权利要求7所述的排气系统,其中所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器、氧化催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
10.根据权利要求7所述的排气系统,其中所述喷射器、氧化催化剂、燃料裂解催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器和氮氧化物纯化催化剂在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
11.根据权利要求7所述的排气系统,其中所述喷射器、氧化催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器、燃料裂解催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
12.根据权利要求7所述的排气系统,其中所述喷射器、催化的粒子过滤器、氧化催化剂、燃料裂解催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
13.根据权利要求7所述的排气系统,其中所述喷射器、催化的粒子过滤器、燃料裂解催化剂、氧化催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
14.根据权利要求7所述的排气系统,其中所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、氮氧化物纯化催化剂、氧化催化剂和催化的粒子过滤器在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
15.根据权利要求7所述的排气系统,其中所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、氮氧化物纯化催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器和氧化催化剂在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
16.根据权利要求7所述的排气系统,其中所述喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器、氮氧化物纯化催化剂和氧化催化剂在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
17.根据权利要求7所述的排气系统,其中所述氧化催化剂、催化的粒子过滤器、喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
18.根据权利要求7所述的排气系统,其中所述催化的粒子过滤器、氧化催化剂、喷射器、燃料裂解催化剂和氮氧化物纯化催化剂在废气的流动方向上顺序安置。
19.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统,其还包括:
将燃料注入进气口或注入发动机汽缸的第一喷射器,
其中所述的将燃料注入废气管路的喷射器为与所述第一喷射器分开并安置在氮氧化物纯化催化剂之前以将燃料另外注入排气管路的第二喷射器。
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