CN101981776A - 用于接地故障探测和中断的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于接地故障探测和中断的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101981776A
CN101981776A CN2009801108006A CN200980110800A CN101981776A CN 101981776 A CN101981776 A CN 101981776A CN 2009801108006 A CN2009801108006 A CN 2009801108006A CN 200980110800 A CN200980110800 A CN 200980110800A CN 101981776 A CN101981776 A CN 101981776A
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CN101981776B (zh
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J·A··吉尔摩
E·西摩
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Advanced Engineering Solutions Global Holdings Private Limited
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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    • G01R31/52Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
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    • H02H3/32Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H02H3/334Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers with means to produce an artificial unbalance for other protection or monitoring reasons or remote control
    • H02H3/335Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers with means to produce an artificial unbalance for other protection or monitoring reasons or remote control the main function being self testing of the device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/02Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents
    • H01H83/04Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents with testing means for indicating the ability of the switch or relay to function properly
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
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    • H02H7/122Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1222Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to abnormalities in the input circuit, e.g. transients in the DC input
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/20Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Abstract

公开了一种用于光伏(PV)能量转换系统的接地故障探测器和中断器、方法以及设备。在范例实施例中,系统包括适于耦接至PV阵列的第一和第二干线的第一和第二输入端。逆变器配置为将自PV阵列生成的DC功率转换为AC功率。接地故障探测器和中断器耦接至第一和第二干线以及逆变器,其配置为探测PV阵列中的接地故障状况并在一旦探测到该状况时将PV阵列与PV能量转换系统的其余部分去耦接。已知信号耦接至接地故障探测器和中断器的输入端,然后在接地故障探测器和中断器的输出端被感测,以确定接地故障探测器和中断器的部件是否正常操作。

Description

用于接地故障探测和中断的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明总体涉及用于将太阳能转换为电能的设备和方法,并且更具体地涉及用于可靠地探测不安全接地故障状况和在探测到不安全接地故障状况时中断该能量转换系统的操作的设备和方法。
背景技术
使用光伏(PV)系统将光能转变为电能已为人所知很长一段时间了,并且该光伏能量转换系统越来越多地实施于居住、商业和工业应用中。迅速探测不期望的到地的DC电流的分流,也称作接地故障,对于实施该系统来说是强制性的,因为接地故障潜在地存在危险状况,包括火灾危险。因此,为安全原因,光伏能量转换系统必需迅速探测接地故障状况并在合适的时候自动中断操作。
除其它部件外,光伏系统典型地包括生成DC功率的光伏阵列和将DC功率转换为AC功率(例如单向或三相功率)的逆变器。在该系统中,典型地采用接地故障探测器和中断器(GFDI)来探测在PV阵列和地之间流动的DC电流。接地故障探测器和中断器中使用的一些部件不能被证明是高统一性(integrity)部件,这意味着用于接地故障探测器和中断器中的这些部件的可靠性不能保证在可接受的水平。因为接地故障探测器和中断器对于PV能量转换系统的安全操作通常很关键,所以必需采取措施来确保接地故障探测器和中断器在所有时间都正确操作。因此,需要设备和方法来连续确保接地故障探测器和中断器正确操作。
发明内容
以下总括图示中所示的本发明的范例实施例。在具体实施方式部分更充分地描述了这些和其它实施例。然而,应当理解,其不是意在将本发明限制于发明内容部分或具体实施方式部分中描述的形式。本领域技术人员能够认识到存在落入如权利要求所表述的本发明的精神和范围内的许多变形、等同和替代结构。
在一个实施例中,本发明的特征在于一种光伏能量转换系统,包括适于耦接至光伏阵列的第一和第二干线的第一和第二输入端。在此实施例中,逆变器配置为将来自光伏阵列的DC功率转换为AC功率。接地故障探测器和中断器耦接至第一和第二干线以及逆变器,其配置为探测PV阵列中的接地故障状况并在一旦探测到该状况时将PV阵列与光伏能量转换系统的其余部分去耦接。已知信号(例如具有可识别的签名的信号)耦接至接地故障探测器和中断器的输入端,然后在接地故障探测器和中断器的输出端被感测。如果在接地故障探测器和中断器的输出端未感测到已知信号,则表明接地故障探测器和中断器操作不正常,且PV阵列将会被与PV能量转换系统中的其余部件去耦接,由此中断操作。
在另一实施例中,发明的特征在于确保接地故障探测器和中断器正常操作的方法。此实施例中的发明包括:将已知信号引入到接地故障探测器和中断器的输入端中;感测在接地故障探测器和中断器的输出端是否存在已知信号;以及依赖于在接地故障探测器和中断器的输出端是否存在已知信号来进行分支。如果存在已知信号,则滤除已知信号,并将滤波的信号传输至逆变器,但如果不存在已知信号,则将PV阵列与PV能量转换系统中的其余部件去耦接,并发出接地故障探测器和中断器操作不正常的警报。
在另一实施例中,本发明的特征在于在探测到需要中断系统的接地故障状况时,将双极光伏阵列与光伏能量转换系统的其余部分安全并有效地去耦接的方法。
如先前所述,上述实施例和实施仅用于示例目的。本领域技术人员根据以下描述和权利要求,可以容易地认识到本发明的许多其它实施例、实施、和细节。
附图说明
结合附图并参照以下具体实施方式和所附的权利要求,本发明的各种目的和优点以及更完全的认识是明显的并且更容易被接受,其中:
图1是描绘包括接地故障探测器和中断器的光伏能量转换系统的范例实施例的框图;
图2是描绘参照图1描述的接地故障探测器和中断器的范例实施例的框图;
图3是描绘参照图1描述的接地故障探测器和中断器的另一范例实施例的框图;
图4是描绘参照图1描述的接地故障探测器和中断器的另一范例实施例的框图;
图5是描绘参照图1描述的接地故障探测器和中断器的另一范例实施例的框图;
图6是描绘可以结合参照图1-5讨论的实施例来实现的范例方法的流程图;
图7是描绘参照图1描述的系统的部分的范例实施例的图示;
图8是描绘可以结合参照图1-7讨论的实施例来实现的范例方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图,其中,遍及数个视图,相似或类似的元件指定有相同或对应的参考数字,并且特别参照图1,所示的为描绘包括耦接至逆变器106的光伏阵列102的光伏功率转换系统100的框图。接地故障探测器和中断器104耦接于光伏阵列102和逆变器106之间。导线108将光伏阵列102耦接至逆变器106,接地故障探测器和中断器104耦接(例如感应耦接)至导线108。如所示,接地故障探测器和中断器104包括诊断部分114,且接地故障探测器和中断器104经由接地故障信号线110耦接至断开模块112。
应当认识到,图1中描绘的部件的示例布置是逻辑上的,而不意味着实际的硬件图;从而,在实际实施中,部件能够进行组合或进一步被拆分。例如,接地故障探测器104可以由也用于逆变器106内的硬件和/或软件实现。且在一些实施中,断开模块112可以与光伏阵列102空间上分离。
通常,光伏阵列102将太阳能转换为DC电流,DC电流被逆变器106转换为AC功率(例如,单相或三相功率)。光伏阵列102可以是单极或双极阵列。接地故障探测器和中断器104探测不安全接地故障状况并迅速动作以停止DC电流从阵列102至地的不安全流动。在许多实施例中,例如,接地故障探测器和中断器104感测接地故障并发送接地故障信号110至断开模块112以隔离阵列102(例如与地和逆变器106隔离)。
诊断部分114配置为测试接地故障探测器和中断器104是否在正常操作(例如正操作以探测接地故障),并且如果接地故障探测器和中断器104不在正常操作,则接地故障诊断部分114向断开模块112发送接地故障信号110以使阵列102离线。
下面参照图2,所示的为参照图1描述的系统100的接地故障探测器和中断器104的范例实施例的框图图示。如所示,图2中描绘的接地故障探测器和中断器204中,来自光伏阵列(例如光伏阵列102)的输入线208耦接至DC电流变换器212。虽然为了示例方便,框图中将输入线208描绘为单个线,但是本领域技术人员容易理解,两个导线耦接至DC电流变换器212。在采用单极PV阵列102的PV能量转换系统100中,两个输入线208对应于至PV阵列102的正和中性(连接至地)连接。且在采用双极光伏阵列102的PV能量转换系统中,输入线208对应于光伏阵列102的正和负连接。
继续参照图2,接地故障探测器和中断器204包括数个部件,包括放大器214、模-数(A/D)转换器216和控制器或数字信号处理器218。如所示,DC电流变换器212通过连接线220耦接至放大器214,并且放大器214通过连接线222耦接至A/D转换器216。如所描绘的,A/D转换器216也通过连接线224耦接至控制器或数字信号处理器218。最后,接地故障探测器和中断器204通过线210耦接至光伏能量转换系统100的断开模块112(图2中未示出)。
在通常操作状况下,流过输入线对208的电流的幅度不存在差别或几乎不存在差别,但是当在光伏阵列102中引起了接地故障状况时,输入线208的之一中流动的电流将比另一输入线中流动的电流多,且会在电流变换器212的线圈230中感应出电流,使得产生馈送至电流变换器212的输入端232的故障信号。如于此进一步讨论的,在许多实施例中,利用故障信号的幅度来确定是否存在接地故障和/或所需的响应类型。在一个实施例中,电流变换器212具有100KHz的带宽,用于感测流过输入线208的差分电流。本领域技术人员将容易理解,具有不同特点和特性的电流变换器可以用于实现于此公开的应用所需的操总力(functional capability),取决于具体实施和应用。
如所示,从电流变换器212输出的信号220被放大器214放大,生成放大的信号222,放大的信号222被A/D转换器216转换为数字信号224。控制器或数字信号处理器218于是评估数字信号224以确定是否存在接地故障,并且如果存在接地故障,则确定接地故障是否呈现需要中断光伏能量转换系统100的状况。
在一个实施例中,在信号线208之间探测到超过5.0安培的电流差时,需要在从探测时起的特定量时间内进行中断;而探测到超过7.5安培的电流差时,需要在从探测时起的更短量时间内进行中断;且探测到超过10安培的电流差时,需要在从探测时起的甚至更短量时间内进行中断。本领域技术人员容易理解,用于触发中断的该电流阈值和定时要求取决于使用中的光伏能量转换系统100的特定环境、施加于操作中的系统的具体兼容性代码或规则,或者取决于这二者。如果探测到接地故障并需要中断,则控制器或数字信号处理器218发送信号210以致动一个或多个致动器(例如在断开模块112中),该致动器断开光伏阵列102和地之间以及光伏阵列102和系统100之间的连接,由此电隔离光伏阵列并停止危险电流流动。
在许多实施例中,接地故障探测器和中断器204为光伏能量转换系统100的关键操作安全特征,并且从而在系统100操作时的所有时间必需正确地操作。接地故障探测器和中断器204的一个或多个部件失效是可能的,使得接地故障探测器和中断器204不能探测表示接地故障状况的差分电流。在该情况下,光伏能量转换系统100将继续操作,延长了危险和潜在的灾难性状况。
如所示,在此实施例中,结合控制器或数字信号处理器218利用信号生成器226以实现接地故障诊断功能(例如,其通过接地故障诊断部分114执行)。具体地,为评估接地故障探测器和中断器204的操作是否正常,已知的(例如由于独特和/或具有容易识别的特性)附加信号228,也可以称作诊断信号或参考信号,和从输入线208感应的信号一起被供应至接地故障探测器和中断器204。在图2中描绘的实施例中,例如,通过使信号线通过变换器线圈230而将信号228引入至电流变换器230的线圈230。结果,电流变换器212的输入端232包括通过故障探测器204的处理链212、214、216、218传播的包括诊断信号(从附加信号线228变换的)和故障信号(从线208中的电流变换的)的合成信号。
如果控制器或数字信号处理器218探测到诊断信号228,则假定接地故障探测器204能够探测输入线208中的差分电流,在此实施例中,控制器或数字信号处理器218在处理链212、214、216、218的末端。换句话说,因为利用与探测来自光伏阵列102的输入208中的任何电流差分相同的处理链212、214、216、218探测附加信号228,所以当控制器或数字信号处理器218探测到附加信号228时,处理链212、214、216、218如预期的那样操作。控制器或数字信号处理器218对附加信号228的该探测保证在产生接地故障状况时,接地故障探测器和中断器204将探测到该接地故障状况。当然可以设想,在其它实施例中,处理链212、214、216、218包括探测故障状况的其它部件,并且在这些其它实施例中,仍然可以通过探测通过处理链的附加信号的传播来评估处理链。
在图2中所示的范例实施例中,通过供应1kHz正弦波信号的信号生成器226实现信号228,但是这当然不是必需的,本领域技术人员可以理解,可以由信号生成器226供应许多不同的电信号(例如不同频率)以满足此目的。
现在参照图3,描绘了另一实施例,其使用自然发生的、光伏能量转换系统100所固有的共模寄生电流,以引入至接地故障探测器和中断器304的输入中,由此避免了对分开的信号生成器226的需求。该固有信号包括,例如180Hz(源于3相配置)、60Hz(源于单相配置)以及16Hz(对应于一个实施例中所用的切换频率)的寄生电流。本领域技术人员容易理解,该自然发生的寄生电流将依赖于给定的光伏能量转换系统100的具体实施而变化,以及该自然发生的、共模寄生电流可以用于此目的。
现在参照图4,描绘了另一实施例,其中,控制器或数字信号处理器物理上设置于逆变器418中,而不是接地故障探测器和中断器404中。然而,功能上,控制器或数字信号处理器418能够由接地故障探测器和中断器404和逆变器418共享。设计简单和成本的潜在降低是图4描绘的实施例通过共享用于接地故障探测器和中断器404和逆变器406执行的应用的控制器或数字信号处理器418的功能性所实现的优点。在另一实施例中,A/D转换器416和控制器或数字信号处理器418均可以实施于逆变器406内。例如,多通道A/D转换器416可以用于逆变器406中以转换电流变换器信号和一个或多个其它输入(例如温度输入)为数字信号。
现在参照图5,所示的为接地故障探测器和中断器504的另一实施例,其利用中线528提供的馈入电源560的参考信号,由此避免了对图2中描绘的分开的信号生成器226的需求。在此实施例中,电源560向接地故障探测器和中断器504和/或逆变器(例如逆变器106)的一个或多个部件提供功率(例如+5V、+12V、+15V和+24V,均相对于地)用于逻辑处理。
操作中,只要故障探测部件512、514、516、518的链运转正常,控制器或数字信号处理器518就探测中线528中的电流频率(例如,60Hz)。具体地,如果故障探测部件512、514、516、518运转正常,则DC电流变换器512产生表示60Hz电流和输电线508之间的任何差分电流的信号520。来自变换器520的信号520然后由放大器514放大,生成放大的信号522,且放大的信号522被A/D转换器516转换为数字信号524。数字信号524然后由控制器或数字信号处理器518滤波,以探测是否存在60Hz的信号。如果存在60Hz的信号,则处理链512、514、516、518运转正常,且控制器或数字信号处理器518评估所滤波的信号以确定线508之间的差分电流(如果有的话)是否超过阈值。
如果不存在参考信号(例如60Hz的信号),则控制器或数字信号处理器518将通过发送信号510(例如至断开模块112)来启动动作以将光伏阵列102与PV能量转换系统100和地去耦接。
接下来参照图6,所示的是描绘可以结合参照图1-5讨论的实施例来实现的范例方法的流程图600。如所示,在框604,将已知信号(例如从信号生成器226提供的信号、系统100固有的信号、电源528提供的信号或其它可识别信号)与表示PV阵列102内的任何接地故障的信号一起引入至接地故障探测器和中断器的输入端(例如至电流变换器212、312、412、512)。接下来,在框606,在接地故障探测器和中断器的处理链(例如处理链212、214、216、218)的末端感测(例如通过控制器或数字信号处理器218)该已知信号。
如所示,框608表示取决于是否探测到已知信号而影响方法的流动的条件分支。如果未探测到已知信号,则在框610,PV能量转换系统100关闭(例如通过响应于来自控制器或数字信号处理器218、318、418、518的信号将PV阵列102与系统100的其余部分去耦接),且在框612,发出(例如通过控制器或数字信号处理器218、318、418、518)表示接地故障探测器和中断器104、204、304、504运转不正常的通知。如果在框606识别到已知信号,则在框614,滤除已知信号(例如通过控制器或数字信号处理器218、318、418、518),且在框616,分析携带有表示PV阵列中的任何接地故障的信号的所滤波的信号,以确定是否存在接地故障状况。
图7是包括双极光伏阵列702的光伏能量转换系统100的另一实施例的部分的示意图、以及一旦探测到需要中断系统的接地故障状况时,将双极光伏阵列702去耦接的新颖结构和方法。此类型的光伏阵列702通常称作双极连接阵列:具有诸如干线(rail)704和706的两条干线的光伏阵列,每条干线相对于地具有相反极性。此电路配置容许,使用光伏阵列的第一半710生成相对于地的正电压,使用光伏阵列的第二半712,生成相对于地的负电压。
如所示,主DC接触器714和716分别耦接于PV阵列702与干线704和706的输出端之间。主DC接触器714、716用于将PV阵列702耦接至光伏能量转换系统(例如系统100)的其余部分或用于将其与光伏能量转换系统当前其余部分去耦接,且输出端704、706典型地耦接至逆变器(例如逆变器106)。可以是结构与主DC接触器714和716类似的DC接触器的PV结(tie)718在围绕阵列的中线(neutral)708、709的点耦接至PV阵列702,如图7中所示例。辅助开关720和722也耦接至围绕阵列的中线708、709的点和地。保险丝724和726耦接至各辅助开关720和722。在一个实施例中,保险丝724和726定额为3安培,然而,本领域技术人员容易理解,基于特定实施和在系统的安装设定中施加于系统的代码和规则,该保险丝可以选择更宽广变化的值。在一个实施例中,控制器或数字信号处理器(例如218、318、418、518,图7中未示出)耦接至:主DC接触器714和716;PV结718;和辅助开关720、722,并且控制器或数字信号处理器(例如218、318、418、518,图7中未示出)用于设定这些部件的状态(断开或闭合)。
可以施加于光伏能量转换系统100的电代码(诸如National ElectricalCode-NEC)一些情况下要求光伏阵列的一侧接地(例如,见NEC Article690)。当例如与也要求中线点接地的120/240伏的AC公共事业输电线路(utility grid)相连接时,此要求可能存在问题。为了如代码所需地将阵列和公共事业输电线路均接地,光伏系统通常在逆变器106中采用隔离变压器(未示出),以容许阵列和输电线路均接地。
当产生了需要中断的接地故障状况时,必需引起注意以确保光伏能量转换系统100安全关闭。当光伏阵列702的一半710和712之一内发生故障时,产生接地故障状况,并且接着可以进行用于将PV阵列702与系统去耦接的专门步骤。
例如,可以首先断开DC接触器714和716,以通过逆变器的动作去除施加于阵列710和712上的虚接地。此配置称作“虚接地”。发明人向各测试代理演示了在于此描述的状况和配置时,此虚接地配置存在于地或地附近。一旦断开接触器714、716,则可以断开PV结接触器718以隔离正和负阵列710和712。最后,阵列710、712的中线708、709以开关720和722连接至地。如果仍存在地电流,则将断开适当的保险丝724或726,从而中断地电流并防止危险电流流动。
下面参照图8,其示出了描绘可以结合参照图7讨论的实施例来实现的范例方法的流程图800。在框804,设定正常操作状况。在正常操作状况下(例如,在PV能量转换系统100已经安全启动时),闭合主DC接触器714和716以容许PV阵列702生成的电流流至逆变器(例如106),PV结718闭合,且辅助开关720和722断开。如框806反映的,接地故障探测器和中断器(例如104)连续操作以探测需要系统中断的接地故障状况,如框806中的“NO”分支所示例。如果探测到需要中断的接地故障状况,则方法行进至框808,在此,主DC接触器714和716断开,PV结接触器718断开,且辅助开关720和722闭合。
当探测到接地故障时,可以点亮逆变器的正面面板上的接地故障灯。如所描绘的,方法分支至框810,在此,采取动作以研究接地故障探测和中断警报的源。
分别在图7和8中公开的结构和方法的一个优点是它们减少了实施的成本。通过使用PV结718和辅助开关720和722来保持中线708和709为虚接地,避免了安装从PV阵列(典型地位于屋顶或其它遥远位置)至电服务面板的昂贵、笨重规格的中线的需求。在一个实施例中,用于接地故障探测器和中断器(例如104)的中断部分和保险丝部分的控制封装在安装于副底盘(sub-chassis)上的小框中。能够将副底盘容易地安装在屋顶或物理上设置PV阵列702的任何地方。虽然重型线(heavy duty wire)必需连接至副底盘,但是仅轻型线(light duty wire)需要延伸至逆变器。
总之,除了其它,本发明还提供用于探测需要光伏能量转换系统的系统中断的接地故障状况的系统和方法。本领域技术人员容易认识到,可以在本发明中,在其使用和配置上进行许多变形和替代,以实现与于此描述的实施例所实现的基本相同的结果。因此,不是意在限制本发明于公开的范例形式。许多变形、更改和替代结构落入权利要求表述的公开的发明的范围和精神中。

Claims (16)

1.一种光伏能量转换系统,包括:
光伏阵列,配置为生成直流(DC)功率,其中,所述光伏阵列包括第一干线和第二干线;
逆变器,配置为将所述DC功率信号转换为交流电流(AC);以及
接地故障探测器和中断器,耦接至所述光伏阵列的所述第一干线和所述第二干线,所述接地故障探测器和中断器配置为探测所述光伏阵列中的诊断信号和接地故障状况,并配置为在探测到接地故障状况时或未探测到所述诊断信号时,中断所述光伏能量转换系统的操作。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述接地故障探测器和中断器包括:
电流变换器,配置为接收诊断信号并耦接至所述光伏阵列的所述第一干线和所述第二干线,以使得所述电流变换器感测所述第一干线和所述第二干线之间的差分电流,并且其中,所述电流变换器配置为将所述诊断信号变换到处理链上并将故障探测信号变换到所述处理链上,所述故障探测信号表示所述光伏阵列的所述第一干线和所述第二干线之间的所述差分电流;以及
控制器,配置为探测所述诊断信号和所述故障探测信号。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统,包括:
模拟-数字转换器,配置为将所述诊断信号转换为数字诊断信号,并将所述故障探测信号转换为数字故障探测信号;
其中,所述控制器包括数字信号处理器,所述数字信号处理器配置为探测所述数字诊断信号和所述数字故障探测信号。
4.如权利要求2所述的系统,包括信号生成器,配置为生成所述诊断信号。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统,其中,所述信号生成器配置为生成1KHz的信号。
6.如权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述诊断信号包括所述光伏系统所固有的一个或多个共模、寄生电流。
7.如权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述诊断信号包括从电源生成的信号,所述电源给所述接地故障探测器和中断器的至少一部分提供功率。
8.一种用于探测接地故障探测器的失效的方法,包括:
向所述接地故障探测器的输入端供应故障信号,所述故障信号从光伏能量转换系统生成;
将已知信号与所述接地故障探测器的所述输入端的所述故障信号组合,以产生合成信号;
在所述接地故障探测器的处理链的末端探测所述已知信号是否存在于所述合成信号中;以及
如果存在所述已知信号,则评估所述功率信号是否表示存在接地故障,并且如果不存在所述已知信号,则中断所述光伏能量转换系统的操作。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,中断所述光伏能量转换系统的操作包括发出所述接地故障探测器操作不正常的警报。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,中断所述光伏能量转换系统的操作包括:
将多个DC接触器去耦接,以将所述光伏能量转换系统的光伏阵列与所述光伏能量转换系统的逆变器电隔离。
11.一种光伏能量转换系统,包括:
双极光伏阵列,包括安置于第一干线和第一中线之间的第一PV阵列和安置于第二中线和第二干线之间的第二PV阵列,所述第一PV阵列配置为相对于地电位在所述第一干线处施加正电位,且所述第二PV阵列配置为相对于地在所述第二干线处施加负电位;
第一DC接触器和第二DC接触器,所述第一DC接触器耦接至所述第一干线,所述第二DC接触器耦接至所述第二干线;
PV结,耦接于所述第一PV阵列和所述第一中线之间的第一点,且耦接于所述第二PV阵列和所述第二中线之间的第二点;以及
第一辅助开关和第二辅助开关,所述第一辅助开关耦接于所述第一中线和地之间,所述第二辅助开关耦接于所述第二中线和地之间。
12.如权利要求11所述的光伏能量转换系统,包括控制器,所述控制器耦接至所述第一和第二DC接触器、所述PV结和所述第一和第二辅助开关,并配置为控制所述第一和第二DC接触器、所述PV结和所述第一和第二辅助开关。
13.如权利要求11所述的光伏能量转换系统,其中,所述控制器包括数字信号处理器。
14.如权利要求11所述的光伏能量转换系统,包括耦接于所述第一辅助开关和地之间的第一保险丝和耦接于所述第二辅助开关和地之间的第二保险丝。
15.一种用于中断采用双极光伏阵列的光伏能量转换系统的方法,所述方法包括:
探测需要中断所述光伏能量转换系统的状况;
断开PV结,以将所述双极光伏阵列的两个PV阵列解耦接,由此将所述两个PV阵列与虚地去耦接;
在断开所述PV结后,断开多个主DC接触器,并闭合多个辅助开关,由此将所述双极光伏阵列与所述能量转换系统的其余部分去耦接并通过所述辅助开关之一将源自所述双极光伏阵列中的接地故障的电流旁路。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,还包括:
探测是否已经触发保险丝;
如果保险丝已触发,则修理或替换所述双极光伏阵列;以及
如果所述保险丝未触发,则研究所探测的状况的起因。
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US7768751B2 (en) 2010-08-03
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TW200933171A (en) 2009-08-01

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Effective date of registration: 20190412

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Patentee after: Advanced Engineering Solutions Global Holdings Private Limited

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Patentee before: Advanced Energy Industries, Inc.

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