CN101981365B - 通过使用产热流体的热交换蒸发低温液体的方法 - Google Patents

通过使用产热流体的热交换蒸发低温液体的方法 Download PDF

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CN101981365B
CN101981365B CN2009801110896A CN200980111089A CN101981365B CN 101981365 B CN101981365 B CN 101981365B CN 2009801110896 A CN2009801110896 A CN 2009801110896A CN 200980111089 A CN200980111089 A CN 200980111089A CN 101981365 B CN101981365 B CN 101981365B
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M·博斯坎
M·瓦格纳
P·格里格莱托
A·布里利亚
D·马雄迪耶德巴尔德翁
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过在具有板和翅的交换器中与第二流体进行热交换来加热第一流体的方法，在该方法中，第一流体在第一组分开的通道中被加热，第二流体在第二组分开的通道中被冷却，第一组中的各个通道与第二组中最近的通道由具有翅片的辅助通道分开，惰性气体在该辅助通道内流动。

Description

通过使用产热流体的热交换蒸发低温液体的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过与产热流体(例如气态氮)进行热交换来使低温液体(例如液化天然气)蒸发的方法。
背景技术
为了通过产热流体加热和蒸发液化天然气(gaz naturel liquéfié，GNL)或同类型的低温液体以便从GNL恢复冷能，过去已经采用以下三个选项之一：
·一种技术，该技术在于卷绕成扁平线圈形式的系统，该系统包括两个由带联接在一起的管件。管件横向于扁平线圈地焊接或延展到集管上；
·钎焊型板翅式热交换器；
·卷绕式管状热交换器。
如果希望回收冷能以使风煤气液化，必须避免氮或氧被烃类气体意外污染，特别是当天然气在高于风煤气压力的压力下通过热交换器循环时。
管形的几何形状的热效率不是很高，并且通常导致由留余度(surdimensionnement)产生的浪费。
另外，现有的甲烷终端设备和现有的空气分离设备往往不具有在关闭和重启期间避免突然的热瞬变所需的设备，这导致热冲击并从而损坏热交换器。
发明内容
本发明的一个主题是一种通过在板翅式热交换器中与第二流体进行热交换来加热第一流体的方法，在该方法中第一流体在第一组(或系列)分开的通道中被加热，第二流体在第二组分开的通道中被冷却，其特征在于，第一组中的各个通道与第二组中最近的通道由包括翅片(或散热片)的辅助通道分开，惰性气体在该辅助通道中循环。
可选地：
-第一流体由液化天然气构成，该液化天然气在第一组分开的通道中被蒸发或加热；
-第二流体由气态氮构成，该气态氮在第二组分开的通道中被冷却或液化；
-惰性气体的压力比第一流体和第二流体的压力高至少0.1巴、或甚至高至少0.5巴；
-惰性气体的压力比第一流体和第二流体的压力低至少0.1巴、或甚至低至少0.5巴；
-惰性气体为气态氮；
-被送入至少一些辅助通道内的惰性气体随后被送到大气或火焰(torché)中；
-第一和第二流体中的一者的至少一个进入箱(
Figure BPA00001231765600021
)和/或排出箱与第一和第二流体中的另一者在其中循环的通道借助于双屏障分开，所述屏障可能分隔出非工作区(死角区)；
-第一流体在至少60巴的绝对压力下被加热。
本发明的另一个主题是一种启动板翅式热交换器的方法，在该方法中，在充分工作状态下，通过在板翅式热交换器中与第二流体进行热交换来加热第一流体，第一流体在第一组分开的通道中被加热，第二流体在第二组分开的通道中被冷却，其特征在于，第一组中的各个通道与第二组中最近的通道由包括翅片的辅助通道分开，并且在启动期间，将温度低于环境温度的、可能处于低温(cryogénique)温度的惰性气体送入至少一个辅助通道以加速冷却。
附图说明
下面参照附图对本发明进行详细描述。
图1至图3示出用于根据本发明工作的交换器的各种类型的通道的截面图，该截面图是沿交换器的纵向所作。图1示出辅助的惰性气体通道，图2示出GNL通道，图3示出用于待加热的氮的通道。
图4至图6示出根据本发明工作的另一交换器。图4示出沿交换器的横向穿过交换器的并行通道的截面图，图5示出沿其纵向截断的低压氮通道，并且图5示出沿其纵向的GNL通道截面。根据本发明，图1所示类型的通道将定位在图2所示类型的各通道和图3所示类型的各通道之间。因此，一组图2所示类型的通道中的每个通道与一组图3所示类型的通道中的每个通道由图1所示类型的通道分隔开，以形成由铝或其它材料制成的钎焊型板翅式交换器。为了使附图简化，未示出翅片。
具体实施方式
图1是辅助的、低压惰性气态氮通道，该通道的入口9位于底部右侧，该通道的出口11位于顶部左侧。
图2示出用于加热液化天然气(GNL)的通道，该液化天然气在底部左侧1进入通道并从顶部右侧3流出。双屏障使GNL通道的顶部和底部与惰性氮通道隔离。
图3示出用于使高压气态氮冷却的通道，所述高压气态氮通过入口7进入通道的顶部并通过出口5从底部流出。高压气态氮通道不与图1的低压气态氮通道或图2的液化天然气通道一样宽。
为避免氮被液化天然气污染，在每对氮和GNL通道之间插入辅助通道。经由辅助通道的翅片通过传导进行氮和GNL通道之间的热交换。显然，为辅助通道选择的波纹形状具有最优的高度/厚度比。
在所示的情况下，低压气态氮(其压力低于图2的GNL的压力并且低于图3的氮的压力)流过辅助通道并被收集以排放到大气中或可能地排放到火焰(torche)中。
由此，利用非工作区Z使覆盖填料(empilage)并因此可能成为污染源的箱与其它流体隔离。
来自非工作区Z的气体将被收集，低压氮可能会流过这些区域。
可借助于双屏障系统2将上面的非工作区与GNL和氮的回路隔离以改善密封。来自双屏障2之间的空隙的气体本身可被收集以提高内在的安全性。虽然关于图5和图6的方法更详细地说明这一点，但同样适用于图1至图3的方法。
在启动期间使用图1的通道，以便利用从辅助容量抽取的低压氮流使过滤器以受控方式逐渐降温。
根据如图4所示的本发明的另一方面，用于待加热的氮(N2BP)的通道与用于待蒸发的GNL的通道由包含高压惰性处理气体(N2HP)的通道隔离，在此情况下，氮的压力高于待加热的氮的压力(35巴)并高于待蒸发的液化天然气的压力(15巴)。
如可在图5和图6中所见，使用于待加热的氮的回路与GNL回路分开的屏障是成双(双重、双份)的，使得它们之间的空间形成经由通气口V通向大气的非工作区Z，从而液化天然气的任何泄漏可经由此路径逸出。图5和图6中的通道由高压惰性气体通道分开。

Claims (14)

1.一种通过在板翅式热交换器中与第二流体进行热交换来加热第一流体的方法，在该方法中所述第一流体在第一组分开的通道中被加热，所述第二流体在第二组分开的通道中被冷却，其特征在于，所述第一组中的各个通道与所述第二组中最近的通道由包括翅片的辅助通道分开，惰性气体在所述辅助通道中循环。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一流体由液化天然气构成，所述第一流体在所述第一组分开的通道中被蒸发或加热。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二流体由气态氮构成，所述第二流体在所述第二组分开的通道中被冷却或液化。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述惰性气体的压力比第一流体和第二流体的压力高至少0.1巴。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述惰性气体的压力比第一流体和第二流体的压力低至少0.1巴。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述惰性气体为气态氮。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，被送入至少一些辅助通道内的所述惰性气体随后被送到大气或火焰中。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一流体和第二流体中的一者的至少一个进入箱和/或排出箱与所述第一和第二流体中的另一者在其中循环的通道借助于双屏障系统(2)分开。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一流体在至少60巴的绝对压力下被加热。
10.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述惰性气体的压力比第一流体和第二流体的压力高至少0.5巴。
11.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述惰性气体的压力比第一流体和第二流体的压力低至少0.5巴。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述双屏障系统中的屏障分隔出非工作区(Z)。
13.一种启动板翅式热交换器的方法，在该方法中，在充分工作状态下，通过在板翅式热交换器中与第二流体进行热交换来加热第一流体，所述第一流体在第一组分开的通道中被加热，所述第二流体在第二组分开的通道中被冷却，其特征在于，所述第一组中的各个通道与所述第二组中最近的通道由包括翅片的辅助通道分开，并且在启动期间，将温度低于环境温度的惰性气体送入至少一个辅助通道内以加速冷却。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述惰性气体的温度处于低温温度。
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ATE526539T1 (de) 2011-10-15
FR2929369A1 (fr) 2009-10-02
EP2265855B1 (fr) 2011-09-28
CN101981365A (zh) 2011-02-23
ES2373858T3 (es) 2012-02-09

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