CN101975841A - In-situ monitoring method for flux of methane gas on water-air interface - Google Patents
In-situ monitoring method for flux of methane gas on water-air interface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an in-situ monitoring method for the flux of methane gas on a water-gas interface, which comprises the following steps of: 1) arranging a circular gasbag at the open of a tank with an open bottom, connecting the gasbag to an anchor through a rope, and filling gas in the gasbag; 2) throwing the anchor to an observation point, and after the tank is stabilized, connecting gas in the tank with a methane concentration measurement instrument through a gas tube; 3) starting the methane concentration measurement instrument, measuring and recording the methane gas concentration X1 on the water-gas interface, and recording the measurement time t1; 4) measuring and recording a water level h in the tank in the step 1) and an actual height H of the tank; 5) after the sampling is finished, measuring and recording the methane gas concentration X2, the temperature T2 and the gas pressure P2 on the water-gas interface, and recording the measurement time t2; and 6) calculating the flux of the methane gas between the water and the air by utilizing the methane gas concentration X1 and X2, the time t1 and t2, the water level h in the tank, the actual height H of the tank, the temperature T2 and the gas pressure P2 recorded in the steps 3), 4) and 5). The in-situ monitoring method is suitable for monitoring the flux of the methane gas between the water which takes paddy field, wetland, marshland, lake surface, river, sea, sewage and the like as an underlying surface and the air.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gas flux measuring method, particularly about the in-situ monitoring method of a kind of water body-atmosphere interface methane gas flux.
Background technology
Methane belongs to one of main greenhouse gas, is the greenhouse gases in a kind of long-living life cycle.Radiation value of forcing of methane and the contribution of Global climate change, influence be only second to carbon dioxide, yardstick relates to the global space scope, in recent years by people's common concern (document 1:IPCC, 2007, Climate Change 2007:the physical sciencebasis, world environments, 13-22).In order to improve the understanding of people to greenhouse gases, the reply Global climate change need be carried out the methane gas flux estimation of the whole world, regional scale and estimated, and scientifically estimates and estimate, and must at first carry out the field observation of methane gas flux.Existing water body-atmospheric methane gas flux assay method, basically all adopt the mensuration of gas tank collection, remote sample presentation, air inlet phase chromatogram to replace (document 2: Chen Yufen etc., 1996, gas chromatography determination paddy methane emission flux, Research of Environmental Sciences, (4): 21-24; Document 3: Tong Chuan etc., 2008, the tidal wetland invasive species of Minjiang Estuary Spartina alterniflora's methane flux and factor of influence, geographical science, 28 (6): 826-832), but said apparatus and method exist indirectly, complicated operation, problem that cost is high, seldom consider sampling temperature and the air pressure of moment, are difficult to reach the purpose of real-time monitoring.At present do not see that the report that is specifically designed to observation water body-atmospheric methane gas flux method and apparatus aspect is arranged.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, processing ease, measurement result is the in-situ monitoring method of water body-atmosphere interface methane gas flux accurately.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: the in-situ monitoring method of a kind of water body-atmosphere interface methane gas flux, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: the air bag that 1) round is set at the open-mouth of the uncovered casing in a bottom, this air bag is connected an anchor by a rope, and air bag is full of gas; 2) anchor is thrown into observation station, treat that casing is stable after, the gas in the casing is linked to each other with the methane concentration measuring instrument by tracheae; 3) open the methane concentration measuring instrument, measure and record water body-atmosphere interface concentration of methane gas X1, and write down this and measure t1 constantly; 4) measure and recording step 1) in water level h in the casing and the true altitude H of casing; 5), measure also record water body-atmosphere interface concentration of methane gas X2, temperature T 2 and gas pressure intensity P2, and write down this and measure t2 constantly to the sampling end; 6) utilize step 3), 4) and 5) the concentration of methane gas X1 of middle record and true altitude H, temperature T 2 and the gas pressure intensity P2 of X2, moment t1 and t2, the interior water level h of casing and casing, the flux of methane gas between calculating water body and the atmosphere; Wherein, the flux computing formula of methane gas between water body and the atmosphere:
In the formula: F is the flux of methane gas between water body and atmosphere, and M is the molal weight of methane gas, and V is the volume of methane gas under the status of criterion, and P is the atmospheric pressure under the status of criterion.
In described step 1), the abutment ring of a valve and a connecting rope is set on described air bag.
In described step 2) in, an outlet nozzle that connects admission piece on the methane concentration measuring instrument is being set on the described casing, an admission piece that connects outlet nozzle on the methane concentration measuring instrument is set simultaneously.
Described outlet nozzle is stretched into the length that the length in the described casing stretches into greater than described admission piece.
In described step 4), the uncovered cylinder in two ends is set on the madial wall of described casing, and a liquid level gauge is set in described cylinder.
In described step 5), in described casing, plug a temperature sensor and a baroceptor.
The detecting head and the described casing outlet nozzle that will be arranged in the temperature sensor of described casing are positioned on the same surface level.
In described step 6), the computing formula of methane gas flux between water body and the atmosphere is set in advance in a data processing unit, again the output terminal of described methane concentration measuring instrument is electrically connected the input end of described data processing unit, the output terminal of described liquid level gauge, temperature sensor and baroceptor is electrically connected the input end of described data processing unit by a data acquisition unit.
In described step 2) in, the top in described casing is provided with a motor and a fan of series connection, and described motor is electrically connected a power supply.
On described casing, one umbrella body is set, makes described umbrella body can cover described casing by support member.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is owing to be provided with gas tank, measurement and control device and anchor, only need utilize rope anchor to be thrown into the below of the observation water surface during detection, with the gas tank stationkeeping one more among a small circle in, in-situ sampling is monitored in real time then, and is therefore simple in structure, processing ease, measurement result is accurate.2, the present invention is owing to be provided with a umbrella body, and the slightly larger in diameter of umbrella body is in the diameter of gassiness air bag, therefore, avoid illumination to disturb, and rainwater flows in the water body along the umbrella body when rainy, reduces gas tank etc. is measured the influence of environment, has prolonged the serviceable life of gas tank.3, the present invention is because measurement also comprises storage unit with control device, therefore can be by the Water Depth Information in storage unit methane concentration, temperature, air pressure and the gas tank that each is corresponding constantly and the flux unloading of methane gas between water body and atmosphere memory device, to write down and to back up as historical summary to other.4, the present invention also comprises display unit owing to measuring with control device, and it can be used as interior Water Depth Information and the flux of methane gas between water body and atmosphere of methane concentration, temperature, air pressure and gas tank that output device shows that in real time each is corresponding constantly.5, the present invention is because air bag is provided with valve, so the gas in the air bag can be discharged during non-working condition, reduce volume, collects with easy to carry.6, the present invention since in the casing length of outlet nozzle be longer than admission piece, and be positioned on the same surface level with the detecting head of temperature sensor in the casing, therefore can measure the temperature of sample gas more exactly, improve measuring accuracy.7, the present invention is because the gas tank inner top is provided with motor and fan, so electric fan can dry in casing, and then it is even to be beneficial in the casing distribution of gas, makes the methane gas sampling evenly, and is representative.The present invention is applicable to that with rice terrace, wetland, swampland, lake surface, river, ocean, sewage etc. be that (underlying surface is meant the earth surface that directly contacts with atmosphere lower floor to underlying surface.Air sphere is its lower bound with water, the surface, land of the earth, is called atmospheric underlying surface.The underlying surface of atmosphere comprises ocean, land and land plateau, mountain region, Plain, forest, grassland, city or the like.The character of underlying surface and shape to the heat of atmosphere, moisture content, do clean degree and moving situation has tangible influence, play significant effects in the forming process of weather) water body-atmosphere interface between the flux monitoring of methane gas.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the connection diagram of the in-situ monitoring device of water body-atmosphere interface methane gas flux
Fig. 2 is the cut-open view along A-A ' line among Fig. 1
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of measuring in the in-situ monitoring device of water body-atmosphere interface methane gas flux with control device
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail.
The inventive method may further comprise the steps:
1) air bag of a round is set at the open-mouth of the uncovered casing in a bottom, this air bag is connected an anchor by a rope, and air bag is full of gas.
2) anchor is thrown into observation station, treat that casing is stable after, the gas in the casing is linked to each other with the methane concentration measuring instrument by tracheae.
3) open the methane concentration measuring instrument, measure and record water body-atmosphere interface concentration of methane gas X1, and write down this and measure t1 constantly.
4) measure and recording step 1) in water level h in the casing and the true altitude H of casing.
5) to the sampling end, to measure also record water body-atmosphere interface concentration of methane gas X2, temperature T 2 and gas pressure intensity P2, and write down this and measure t2 constantly, withdrawal casing and methane concentration measuring instrument wait for that measure next time or the mensuration of next observation station.
6) utilize step 3), 4) and 5) the concentration of methane gas X1 of middle record and true altitude H, temperature T 2 and the gas pressure intensity P2 of X2, moment t1 and t2, the interior water level h of casing and casing, the flux of methane gas between water body and atmosphere calculated;
Wherein, the flux computing formula of methane gas between water body and atmosphere:
In the formula: F is the flux (mg/m of methane gas between water body and atmosphere
2H);
T1 measures the initial moment (s);
T2 measures the moment (s) that finishes;
X1 is a concentration of methane gas (* 10 in the moment t1 gas tank 1
-6);
X2 is a concentration of methane gas (* 10 in the moment t2 gas tank 1
-6);
H is the true altitude (m) of gas tank 1;
H records the depth of water (m) in the gas tank 1 by liquid level gauge 131;
T2 be constantly the gas temperature in the t2 gas tank 1 (℃);
P2 is the gas pressure intensity (kPa) in the moment t2 gas tank 1;
P is the atmospheric pressure under the status of criterion, is 101.325 (kPa);
M is the molal weight of methane gas, is 16 (g/mol);
V is the volume of methane gas under the status of criterion, is 0.0224 (m
3/ mol).
In above-mentioned steps 1) in, the abutment ring of a valve and a connecting rope is set on air bag, air bag can float on the surface after being full of gas like this, discharges gas during non-working condition and gets final product, and collects with easy to carry, and does not take up space.Can also on casing, one umbrella body be set, make the umbrella body can cover casing, thereby can reduce envirment factor, such as the influence of rain, illumination, wind etc. by support member.
In above-mentioned steps 2) in, an outlet nozzle is set on casing, make this outlet nozzle connect admission piece on the methane concentration measuring instrument, an admission piece that connects outlet nozzle on the methane concentration measuring instrument is set simultaneously.And, preferably outlet nozzle is stretched into the length that the length in the casing stretches into greater than admission piece, thereby can obtain more uniform gas.And the top in casing is provided with a motor and a fan of series connection, makes motor be electrically connected a power supply again.
In above-mentioned steps 4) in, the uncovered cylinder in two ends is set on the madial wall of casing, and a liquid level gauge is set in cylinder.
In above-mentioned steps 5) in, in casing, plug a temperature sensor and a baroceptor.And the detecting head and the casing outlet nozzle that preferably will be arranged in the temperature sensor of casing are positioned on the same surface level, thereby can measure the temperature of gas more exactly.
In above-mentioned steps 6) in, formula (1) is set in advance in a data processing unit, again the output terminal of methane concentration measuring instrument is electrically connected the input end of data processing unit, the output terminal of liquid level gauge, temperature sensor and baroceptor is electrically connected the input end of data processing unit by a data acquisition unit.Thereby, the methane concentration measuring instrument can flow to data processing unit with the concentration of methane gas value that records, the liquid level that data acquisition unit detects liquid level gauge, temperature sensor and baroceptor respectively, temperature and air pressure information conveyance are given data processing unit, calculate methane gas flux between water body and the atmosphere by data processing unit.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, realize that the said method device comprises a gas tank 1, a measurement and a control device 2 and an anchor 3.Wherein, gas tank 1 connects anchor 3 by rope 4, and stable bubbling through the water column taken a sample to the gas that is arranged in gas tank 1 water body-atmosphere interface place, and sample gas flowed to by tracheae 5 measure and control device 2, by measuring the concentration change of measuring water body-atmosphere interface place methane gas with control device 2.Simultaneously, gas tank 1 also detects the gentle row of compressing into of the temperature of sample gas, and flows to measurement and control device 2 by signal wire 5.According to the concentration change of the water body that records-atmosphere interface place methane gas and the depth of water in corresponding temperature, air pressure and the gas tank 1 thereof, measure with control device 2 and calculate water body-atmosphere interface place methane gas flux.In the present embodiment, rope 4 can adopt common nylon rope, but is not limited thereto.
Gas tank 1 comprises the casing 11 of the uncovered and hollow in a bottom, the air bag 12 of uncovered connection one round in the bottom of casing 11.Air bag 12 is provided with an abutment ring 121 and a valve 122, and abutment ring 121 is used for connection cord 4, inflates in the air bag 12 by valve 122 in the past, air bag 12 can float on the surface after being full of gas, discharge gas during non-working condition and get final product, collect with easy to carry, and do not take up space.In the present embodiment, air bag 12 must be corrosion-resistant, and it can adopt the elastomeric material that is similar to ring life buoy to make, and also can adopt other plastic products that meet above-mentioned requirements.
Be connected with the uncovered cylinder in two ends 13 on the madial wall of casing 11, be provided with a liquid level gauge 131 in the cylinder 13, liquid level gauge 131 can be a float that swims in the water surface, change the water level that to observe at any time in the casing 11 by the scale on the float, can be the electronic level meter also, be that the electronic level timing connects measurement and control device 2 by signal wire 5.Top in the casing 11 is provided with a motor (not shown) and a fan 14 of series connection, motor is electrically connected the feeder ear of measuring with control device 2, power to motor by signal wire 5 by measuring with control device 2, thereby electric fan 14 can be dried in casing 11, and then it is even to be beneficial between the casing 11 and the water surface distribution of gas, make the methane gas sampling evenly, representative.
The top center of casing 11 has a screwed protruding circle (not shown), and the casing 11 outside the protruding circle is provided with an outlet nozzle 111, an admission piece 112, temperature sensor 15 and a baroceptor 16.Wherein, outlet nozzle 111 and admission piece 112 respectively by tracheae 5 be connected measure with control device 2 on admission piece 21 and outlet nozzle 22.In order to obtain more uniform sample gas, outlet nozzle 111 stretches into the length that the length in the casing 11 stretches into greater than admission piece 112.Temperature sensor 15 and baroceptor 16 all insert in the casing 11, gather the temperature and the air pressure of gas in the casing 11 respectively, and temperature and air pressure are flowed to measurement and control device 2 by signal wire 5.In order to measure the temperature of sample gas more exactly, the detecting head and casing 11 outlet nozzles 111 that are arranged in the temperature sensor 15 of casing 11 are positioned on the same surface level.
In the foregoing description, the protruding circle on the casing 11 connects a support member 17, and support member 17 bottoms are right cylinders 171 of a hollow, and right cylinder is provided with internal thread, is threaded with protruding circle.Also be provided with the O-ring seal (not shown) between support member 17 and the protruding circle, enter interference measurement results to prevent extraneous gas.Support member 17 tops are cones 172 that fuse with right cylinder, offer a screw (not shown) inward from the awl point of cone 172.Support member 17 is provided with a umbrella body 18, and a screw (not shown) is offered at the center of umbrella body 18, umbrella body 18 can be twisted by a screw rod 181 to be connected on the support member 17.The diameter of the air bag 12 of the slightly larger in diameter of umbrella body 18 when being full of gas, therefore, rainwater flows in the water body along umbrella body 18 when raining, and reduces the influence to mensuration environment such as gas tanks, has prolonged the serviceable life of gas tank 1.The top of umbrella body 18 leader 19 that is connected, the convenient use.
As shown in Figure 3, the measurement and the control device 2 of the device of the inventive method use comprise a methane concentration measuring instrument 21, a data acquisition unit 22, a data processing unit 23, a data storage cell 24, a data display unit 25 and a power supply 26.Have admission piece and outlet nozzle on the methane concentration measuring instrument 21, sample gas enters from admission piece, detects by methane concentration measuring instrument 21, and the concentration of methane gas value that records flows to data processing unit 23.Data acquisition unit 22 is electrically connected the output terminal of temperature sensors 15 and baroceptor 16, temperature and pressure information that collecting temperature sensor 15 and baroceptor 16 detect, and temperature and pressure information carried out analog to digital conversion.Methane concentration, temperature and pressure information flow to data processing unit 23 by data acquisition unit 22, owing to pre-set the flux computing formula of following methane gas between water body and atmosphere, promptly above-mentioned formula (1) in the data processing unit 23.
Data storage cell 24 is used to store each corresponding constantly interior Water Depth Information of methane concentration, temperature, air pressure and gas tank that data acquisition unit 22 obtains, and the flux of methane gas between water body and atmosphere that calculate of data processing unit 23, can shift by means of the data that USB flash disk or laptop computer shift data storage cell 24 storages.Equally, Water Depth Information in each corresponding constantly methane concentration, temperature, air pressure and gas tank that the synchronous video data collecting units 22 of data display unit 25 obtain, and the flux of methane gas between water body and atmosphere that calculate of data processing unit 23.Power supply 26 is each consumer power supply among the present invention.In the foregoing description, methane concentration measuring instrument 21, data collector 22, data storage cell 24, data display unit 25, power supply 26 are the common equipment of this area, are not described in detail in this.
The various embodiments described above only are used to illustrate the present invention, and wherein the structure of each parts, connected mode etc. all can change to some extent, and every equivalents of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement all should not got rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the in-situ monitoring method of water body-atmosphere interface methane gas flux is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) air bag of a round is set at the open-mouth of the uncovered casing in a bottom, this air bag is connected an anchor by a rope, and air bag is full of gas;
2) anchor is thrown into observation station, treat that casing is stable after, the gas in the casing is linked to each other with the methane concentration measuring instrument by tracheae;
3) open the methane concentration measuring instrument, measure and record water body-atmosphere interface concentration of methane gas X1, and write down this and measure t1 constantly;
4) measure and recording step 1) in water level h in the casing and the true altitude H of casing;
5), measure also record water body-atmosphere interface concentration of methane gas X2, temperature T 2 and gas pressure intensity P2, and write down this and measure t2 constantly to the sampling end;
6) utilize step 3), 4) and 5) the concentration of methane gas X1 of middle record and true altitude H, temperature T 2 and the gas pressure intensity P2 of X2, moment t1 and t2, the interior water level h of casing and casing, the flux of methane gas between calculating water body and the atmosphere;
Wherein, the flux computing formula of methane gas between water body and the atmosphere:
In the formula: F is the flux of methane gas between water body and atmosphere, and M is the molal weight of methane gas, and V is the volume of methane gas under the status of criterion, and P is the atmospheric pressure under the status of criterion.
2. the in-situ monitoring method of water body as claimed in claim 1-atmosphere interface methane gas flux is characterized in that: in described step 1), the abutment ring of a valve and a connecting rope is set on described air bag.
3. the in-situ monitoring method of water body as claimed in claim 1-atmosphere interface methane gas flux, it is characterized in that: in described step 2) in, an outlet nozzle that connects admission piece on the methane concentration measuring instrument is being set on the described casing, an admission piece that connects outlet nozzle on the methane concentration measuring instrument is being set simultaneously.
4. the in-situ monitoring method of water body as claimed in claim 3-atmosphere interface methane gas flux is characterized in that: described outlet nozzle is stretched into the length that the length in the described casing stretches into greater than described admission piece.
5. the in-situ monitoring method of water body as claimed in claim 1-atmosphere interface methane gas flux is characterized in that: in described step 4), the uncovered cylinder in two ends is set on the madial wall of described casing, and a liquid level gauge is set in described cylinder.
6. the in-situ monitoring method of water body as claimed in claim 1-atmosphere interface methane gas flux is characterized in that: in described step 5), plug a temperature sensor and a baroceptor in described casing.
7. the in-situ monitoring method of water body as claimed in claim 6-atmosphere interface methane gas flux is characterized in that: the detecting head and the described casing outlet nozzle that will be arranged in the temperature sensor of described casing are positioned on the same surface level.
8. as the in-situ monitoring method of each described water body-atmosphere interface methane gas flux in the claim 1～7, it is characterized in that: in described step 6), the computing formula of methane gas flux between water body and the atmosphere is set in advance in a data processing unit, again the output terminal of described methane concentration measuring instrument is electrically connected the input end of described data processing unit, the output terminal of described liquid level gauge, temperature sensor and baroceptor is electrically connected the input end of described data processing unit by a data acquisition unit.
9. the in-situ monitoring method of water body as claimed in claim 1-atmosphere interface methane gas flux is characterized in that: in described step 2) in, the top in described casing is provided with a motor and a fan of series connection, and described motor is electrically connected a power supply.
10. the in-situ monitoring method of water body as claimed in claim 1-atmosphere interface methane gas flux is characterized in that: by support member one umbrella body is set on described casing, makes described umbrella body can cover described casing.
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| CN102636421B (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2015-06-03 | 同济大学 | Underwater in-situ anion analyzer |
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Application publication date: 20110216 |