CN101970832A - 使用热存储器的电能存储和通过热力学循环过程的回送 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于利用电网(9)中的过剩容量的设备和方法,其中当存在过剩量能量供给时,将能量直接通过加热元件储入热存储器内,且在热存储器释放能量的情况下将热量从热存储器取出且供产生电能的热力学循环过程使用,其中来自热存储器的热用于预热燃烧室的空气供给管道内的空气,或以来自热存储器的热预热燃料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于利用电网内的过剩容量的设备和方法。
背景技术
在电力网络中,产生的功率必须总是等于消耗的功率。由于可再生能量的强烈分解,有时存在明显的过剩容量供使用。可通过不同的方式应对可控的可再生能量的过剩供给:波动的供给可通过常规电厂的功率升高或功率降低来补偿,累积的可再生能量可根本不馈送到网络中,即例如将风力涡轮机关闭,或可将能量馈送到能量存储系统内,即馈送到泵存储器电厂,压缩空气存储器电厂或电池内,而这可能带有高的设备复杂性和高的成本。
EP 1 577 548 A1和EP 1 577 549 A1描述了用于存储能量和发电的设备和方法。使用由可再生能量(例如风能或太阳能)产生的电能将热存储器加热。在需要时,将热存储器内的热量用于产生蒸汽,所述蒸汽直接供给到蒸汽轮机内的热力学过程,其中的蒸汽生成必要时也受到常规形式的补充。
US 5,384,489描述了一种设备,其中通过风能产生电能,使用该电能驱动加热元件加热存储箱内的流体,还描述了一种设备以将所存储的能量从箱中再次取出。从存储箱中取出的能量用于室内加热/室内冷却、普通冷却、脱盐,但优选用于产生用来发电的蒸汽。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是建议一种用于利用电网内的过剩容量的改进的设备和改进的方法。
此技术问题根据本发明通过权利要求1和12的特征解决。
另外的有利的实施形式在从属权利要求中给出。
现有技术的设备和方法的缺点是在热存储器内产生的蒸汽在质量上和数量上对于驱动蒸汽轮机不总是充分的,因此需要常规的后续燃烧(Nachfeuerung)。此外,现有技术的设备和方法在发电时限于一种工质,即蒸汽。
而根据本发明的设备则在电网中存在过剩容量时用于一系列不同的热消耗器,且因此提供了热存储器和加热元件,用于将来自电网的能量存储在热存储器内,且提供了带有初级侧和次级侧的换热器,其中初级侧为从热存储器提取热量而热耦合到热存储器,而次级侧接在电厂设备内,其中,其内接有热存储器的电厂设备包括燃气轮机。
热存储器因此不仅用于产生直接供给到蒸汽轮机的蒸汽。
在本发明的优选的构造中,换热器在次级侧连接到燃烧室的空气供给管道内,用于空气预热。
同样有利的是,将换热器在次级侧连接在燃料供给管道内,以预热燃料。
此外,合适的是将换热器在次级侧连接在燃气流中,以便在中间使其过热。
在本发明的另外的有利构造中,换热器也可连接在包含蒸汽轮机的电厂设备中。
在此合适的是将换热器在次级侧连接在蒸汽流内,以便在中间使其过热。
也合适的是将换热器作为预热器在次级侧连接在水/蒸汽循环中。
此外,合适的是将换热器用于煤的干燥。
在一种具有用来自燃气轮机的废气产生用于蒸汽轮机的蒸汽的废热蒸汽发生器的蒸汽轮机和燃气轮机的特别有利的组合中,废热蒸汽发生器中的给水的预热可通过在初级侧连接到热存储器内的换热器替代或补充。
在根据本发明的方法中,为在能量过剩供给的情况中使用电网内的过剩容量,将能量直接通过加热元件储入热存储器内,且在热存储器的释放能量情况下,来自热存储器的热量被取出且供热力学循环使用,例如供现有的电厂过程使用,其中来自热存储器的热量用于预热燃烧室的空气供给管道内的空气、特别是燃气轮机设备的燃烧室的空气供给管道内的空气,或使用来自热存储器的热量预热燃料。
两个预热降低了燃料消耗。在几乎保持相同的燃气轮机输出功率下,预热因此导致了燃气轮机设备的总体效率的提高。
高的能量效益也可通过如下方式实现,即使得燃气轮机的透平内的废气流在中间被过热。
在本发明的另一个有利的构造中,使用来自热存储器的热量使蒸汽轮机的蒸汽流在中间过热。
但也可合适地在水-蒸汽循环的其他位置上使用来自热存储器的热量预热水,例如在热存储器的热容量不足以用于透平内的中间过热的情况下。
也可以使用来自热存储器的热量干燥煤,因而取消了来自蒸汽轮机过程的高品质蒸汽的分支。
由于较低的转换损失,特别地有利的是将水用作换热器的次级侧的传热介质,所述换热器的初级侧连接在热存储器内,且将通过热存储器内的热量所产生的蒸汽直接馈送到蒸汽轮机内。
附图说明
下面根据附图示例地进一步详述本发明,在附图中:
图1示意性地示出了使用热存储器存储电能和借助热力学循环过程回送的构思,
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明的带有加热元件、热存储器和换热器的设备,
图3示出了带有空气预热、燃料预热和中间过热的燃气轮机设备,
图4示出了蒸汽轮机设备,其中,通过来自热存储器的热量所产生的蒸汽直接引入到蒸汽轮机内,将冷凝物预热和/或将燃料干燥,和
图5示出了带有直接蒸汽和中间过热的燃气-蒸汽联合循环(GuD)设备内的废热蒸汽发生器。
在下文中,基本上以相同的附图标号表示相同的元件。
具体实施方式
图1描绘了根据本发明的用于利用电网内过剩容量的方法。如果在时刻t1时网络内所产生的功率1超过消耗3,则电能的过剩供给2直接通过加热元件存储4到热存储器(例如盐存储器或混凝土热存储器)内。
在此能量存储器系统释放能量的情况中,例如在电网内出现升高的功率需求时,来自热存储器的热量再次被取出且通过换热器供给到电厂设备5-所述换热器的初级侧热耦合到热存储器且其次级侧连接在电厂设备内,使得在时刻2产生的功率6满足时刻t2的需求7。
图2示出了根据本发明的用于利用电网内的过剩容量的设备的基本部件。通过加热元件8上可将来自电网9的电能直接存储在热存储器10内。换热器11的初级侧热耦合在热存储器10上。换热器11的次级侧连接在电厂设备12内。
根据图3的电厂设备12示出了燃气轮机13且包括用于压缩空气的压缩机14,所述空气在压缩后被导向燃烧室15且与燃料一起燃烧。热的燃烧气体驱动透平16,所述透平16通过轴17与压缩机14耦合。来自热存储器10的热量可通过换热器11用于预热18压缩空气或预热燃料19。
优选地,燃烧室15完全地分离,且透平16仅通过由换热器11加热的压缩空气驱动。合适的是在透平16的范围内进行中间过热20。
根据图4的电厂设备示出了蒸汽电厂21且包括燃烧室15,可通过供给系统为所述燃烧室15供给燃料和氧化剂。在燃料燃烧时从燃烧室15释放的热量可传递到蒸汽生成器22。在实施例中,这意味着来自燃烧室15的废气管道23被引导通过布置在蒸汽发生器22内的换热器24。当然,也可考虑从燃烧室15到蒸汽发生器22内的适当热传递的任何其它技术,例如通过直接点火。
蒸汽发生器22通过水-蒸汽循环25接入蒸汽轮机26,所述蒸汽轮机26通过轴17驱动未详细示出的发电机。在实施例中,所述蒸汽轮机26具有三级构造且包括高压部分27,所述高压部分27在输入侧通过蒸汽管道28与蒸汽发生器22连接。所述高压部分27的输出侧通过被引导通过蒸汽发生器22的过热器管道29与后接的蒸汽轮机26的中压部分30连接。中压部分30的部分透平本身又在输出侧与蒸汽轮机26的低压部分31连接。
作为此处描述的三级构造的蒸汽轮机26的替代,当然也可以提供两级蒸汽轮机或适当选择的其他类型的蒸汽轮机。
蒸汽轮机26的低压部分31在流出侧与冷凝器32连接,来自蒸汽轮机25的流出的减压蒸汽在所述冷凝器32中凝结。
冷凝器32又在输出侧通过其内接入了冷凝泵34的冷凝管道33与供水容器35连接,在所述供水容器35内将冷凝的水进行中间存储。所述供水容器35又在供水侧通过其内接入了供水泵37的供水管道36与蒸汽发生器22连接,使得水再次被供给到蒸汽锅炉,且形成闭合的水-蒸汽循环25。
为改进效率,通常进行再生式供水预热,其中供给水被用例如来自蒸汽轮机26的低压部分31的抽汽54预热,然后将所述供给水送回到蒸汽发生器22。
在根据本发明的设备中,取消了此供给水预热,使得通常为此所需的蒸汽可用于产生能量。替代地,换热器11的次级侧连接在冷凝管道33和存储水管道36内,其初级侧连接在热存储器10内,且保证将热存储器10的热量耦合到蒸汽生成器22的水-蒸汽循环25内。
热存储器10内的热量也可用于产生直接馈送到蒸汽轮机26内的蒸汽。可能的馈入位置48是引向透平26的高压部分27的蒸汽管道28。但所产生的蒸汽也可馈送49到过热器管道29内。最后,也具有如下可能性,即将蒸汽在透平26的中压部分30和低压部分31之间馈送50到蒸汽管道内。
通常使用蒸汽加热的干燥器来预干燥燃料,所述干燥器部分地使用来自电厂过程的水-蒸汽循环的高温蒸汽加热。为降低所需的来自电厂过程的蒸汽51的份额,在此也可使用来自热存储器10的热量来预干燥52燃料。
图5示意性地示出了带有废热蒸汽发生器39的燃气-蒸汽联合循环电厂的蒸汽循环38,及其基本部件供给水预热器40、蒸发器41和过热器42。在此未示出的燃气轮机的废气在后接的步骤中在废热蒸汽发生器39内加热水且产生蒸汽。
在供给水预热器40内将燃气轮机的余热用于在供给水到达蒸汽锅炉43内之前对供给水进行预热,从而降低蒸发器41的能量需求。蒸汽通过蒸汽锅炉43的舱顶内的总管(Sammelleitung)44到达过热器42内,在此处温度和压力继续升高。蒸汽被引向多级透平过程的第一级的高压透平45。
在根据本发明的设备中,供给水预热器40或者可通过来自热存储器10的热量的供给46补充或甚至被其替代。替代地或补充地,可使用来自热存储器10的热量来直接产生蒸汽,且与废热蒸汽发生器内产生的蒸汽混合47。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于利用电网(9)中的过剩容量的设备,该设备包括热存储器(10)、用于在所述热存储器(10)内存储来自所述电网(9)的能量的加热元件(8)、以及带有初级侧和次级侧的换热器(11),其中所述换热器(11)的初级侧热耦合在所述热存储器(10)上用于从所述热存储器(10)取出热量,且其中次级侧连接在电厂设备(12)内,其特征在于,所述电厂设备(12)包括燃气轮机(13)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述换热器(11)在次级侧上连接在燃烧室(15)的空气供给管道内,用于预热空气。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备,其中所述换热器(11)在次级侧上连接在燃料供给管道内,用于预热燃料。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的设备,其中所述换热器(11)在次级侧上连接在燃气轮机(13)的透平(16)内的废气流内,用于在中间使废气流过热。
5.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的设备,其中所述电厂设备(12)包括蒸汽轮机(26)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备,其中换热器(11)在次级侧上连接在所述蒸汽轮机(26)内的蒸汽流内,用于在中间使蒸汽流过热。
7.根据权利要求5或6的一项所述的设备,其中所述换热器(11)作为预热器在次级侧上连接在水-蒸汽循环(25)内。
8.根据权利要求5至7中一项所述的设备,其中所述换热器(11)在次级侧上连接在预干燥/煤的预干燥内。
9.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的设备,其中所述电厂设备是燃气-蒸汽联合循环设备且包括废热蒸汽发生器(39)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备,其中所述换热器(11)替代了所述废热蒸汽发生器(39)内的供给水预热器(40)。
11.根据权利要求9或10中一项所述的设备,其中所述换热器(11)在次级上连接在所述燃气-蒸汽联合循环设备的蒸汽轮机(45)内的蒸汽流中,用于在中间使蒸汽流过热。
12.一种用于利用电网中的过剩容量的方法,其中当存在过剩量能量供给时,将能量直接通过加热元件储入热存储器内,且在热存储器释放能量的情况中将来自热存储器的热取出且通过换热过程间接地耦合到其中产生电能的热力学循环过程中,其特征在于,用来自热存储器的热量预热燃烧室的空气供给管道内的空气,或者用来自热存储器的热量预热燃料。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,燃气轮机的透平内的废气流被中间过热。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的方法,其中,来自所述热存储器的热量用于所述蒸汽轮机的蒸汽流的中间过热。
15.根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的方法,其中,来自所述热存储器的热量用于预热水-蒸汽循环的水。
16.根据权利要求12至15中任一项所述的方法,其中,来自所述热存储器的热量用于干燥煤。
17.根据权利要求12至16中任一项所述的方法,其中,来自所述热存储器的热量将水汽化且将蒸汽直接馈送到蒸汽轮机内。
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PCT/EP2009/052604 WO2009112421A1 (de) | 2008-03-12 | 2009-03-05 | Speicherung elektrischer energie mit wärmespeicher und rückverstromung mittels eines thermodynamischen kreisprozesses |
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RU2010141759A (ru) | 2012-04-20 |
DK2250356T3 (da) | 2013-05-27 |
US20110083443A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
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CN101970832B (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
EP2250356B1 (de) | 2013-02-27 |
EP2250356A1 (de) | 2010-11-17 |
RU2532635C2 (ru) | 2014-11-10 |
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