CN101969982A - 脑疾病的预防或治疗用组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及可通过促进神经元细胞的死亡抑制和/或神经元细胞的生成来预防或治疗神经精神疾病,尤其是脑疾病,及改善认知功能的组合物,涉及含斯钙素2作为有效成分的神经性疾病,尤其是脑疾病的预防或治疗用组合物及认知功能的改善用组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及脑神经疾病的预防或治疗用组合物及认知功能的改善用组合物,更具体涉及含斯钙素2作为有效成分神经性疾病,尤其涉及脑疾病的预防或治疗用组合物及认知功能的改善用组合物。
背景技术
查看统计厅于2007年7月发表的韩国老龄人口比例,发现韩国在2000年65岁以上的人口占总人口的比重为7.3%,已浸入高龄化社会,2007年为9.3%,相比5年前提高了2.0%。如果照这样的趋势,预计韩国的老龄化指数(相比每100名0~14岁人口的65岁以上的比例)在2050年会为429,会达到世界平均(82)的5倍,会成为全世界最高。此外,受到这样的老龄化的影响,韩国的80岁以上的超高龄人口比重在2005年为1.4%,与世界平均(1.3%)相近,但到了2050年,预计会提高到14.5%,会远远超越发达国家(9.4%)水平。随着这样的变化,如阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病、帕金森病及肌萎缩侧索硬化的退行性脑神经疾病或者如中风(尤其是缺血性中风)的缺血或再灌流所致的神经元细胞的损伤所致的疾病等会成为死亡的主要原因。
脑卒中是脑血管破裂或堵塞而带来局部脑组织的功能异常的脑血管疾病,也常称为中风,在韩国的死亡原因中排在前位。脑卒中可在脑的任何部位发生,因此可导致身体的几乎所有功能的障碍。医学上,脑卒中可大分为脑血管堵塞而特定部位血液循环不畅而出现的“缺血性脑卒中”和脑出血所致的“出血性脑卒中”,其中,与已知为成人病的原因的高血压、动脉硬化密切相关的缺血性脑卒中的发生比例更高。
缺血性脑卒中是从位于颈部的颈动脉、脊椎基底动脉至脑中的细动脉,无论何处血管堵塞就会发病,由此发生由该血管支配的脑组织死亡的现象,即“脑梗塞(infarction)”。一旦发生脑梗塞的部位,就无法再生其功能,因此脑梗塞所致的中枢神经系统障碍不恢复而永久破坏。因此,在脑卒中治疗中最重要的是,已知为脑卒中发病危险因素的高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等的预防法及对脑缺血本身的预防。此外,由于脑卒中发病而发生脑梗塞时,将焦点放在减少脑部水肿,使缺血状态处适宜循环,从而减少二次脑损伤。
目前用于保护神经元细胞而使用的物质有兴奋性氨基酸拮抗剂(神经节苷脂(ganglioside)、尼莫地平(Nimodipine))、GABA激动剂(氯美噻唑(clomethiazole))等,硫酸镁和甘氨酸拮抗剂及吡拉西坦(piracetam)目前在进行大规模临床研究中。但是,目前尝试的神经元细胞保护剂是作用于缺血进行过程的各自不同的步骤的制剂,虽然需要开发同时作用于这样的各种过程的联合疗法,但有需要解决副作用及药物相互干扰的问题的课题。
此外,缺血性脑卒中的症状无特别的预后而突然发作,所以与其期待通过脑缺血发病当时被施用的药物来治疗,认为持续的缺血预防和抑制缺血后的神经元细胞凋亡的功能性食品的摄取更加有效。
美国专利第6,245,757号公开了孕酮(progestin)用于治疗缺血所致的细胞损伤的用途,美国专利第6,380,193号公开了含聚(腺苷5’-二磷酸酯-核糖)聚合酶抑制剂的脑卒中治疗用组合物。此外,美国专利第6,288,041号公开了含唾液酸衍生物的脑卒中治疗用组合物,美国专利第5,580,866号公开了含1,4-硫氮杂卓作为有效成分的脑卒中治疗用组合物。
帕金森病(Parkinson′s disease,PD)是引起运动及认知障碍的退行性脑神经疾病,于1817年由詹姆斯·帕金森首先报告。此疾病的发病率在美国报告为在10万名人口中有100~150名左右,即约75万~100万名的患者,并以每年新诊断6万余名的趋势增加,预计在韩国,也会随着人口的老龄化,其发病率及患病率将继续增加。从组织病理学角度看,以位于黑质(substantia nigra)的多巴胺神经元细胞的消失为特征出现,作为其神经纤维的投射部位的尾状核(caudatenucleus)和壳核(putamen)的多巴胺减少而出现特征性的震颤(tremor)、运动迟缓(bradykinesia)、僵硬(rigidity)、姿势障碍(disturbance of posture)等运动及认知功能障碍。
帕金森病中使用的主要的治疗药物是补充脑中变得不足的多巴胺的功能的药剂或此外以预防或延缓神经元细胞的破坏为目的或用于调节其他抑郁症等的多种症状的药物治疗等。开发的代表性的药物有多巴胺前体物质左旋多巴(levodopa,L-dopa)成分的美多巴(Madopar)、多巴胺受体激动剂(agonist)成分的bromidine、利舒脲(lisuride)、及抗乙酰胆碱药物安坦(artane)、苯扎托品(cogentin)等的多种神经药理学补偿性治疗法。其中多巴胺的前体左旋多巴由于可补充不足的脑内多巴胺的浓度,在改善帕金森病的症状中最有效果而被使用,但如果长期施用3~5年以上,则出现药物有效时间渐渐变短(wearing-off),对药物效果的运动调节功能的变动加深的现象(on-off现象)、及出现异常运动症(diskinesia)等的副作用(Freed et.al.,N.Engl.J.Med.327:1549-55(1992))。
此外,作为帕金森病的外科治疗法,施行着:丘脑切开术(thal amotomy)和苍白球切开术(pallidotomy)、深部脑刺激术(deep brain stimulation)、神经元细胞移植术(Neuronal cell transplantation)等。但治疗效果的持续期随患者表现出大的差异,随手术罕见地伴随发声过弱(hypophonia)、构音障碍(dysarthria;构音困难)、记忆力减退等的副作用(Ondo et.al.,Neurology 50:266-270(1998);Shannon et.al.,Neurology 50:434-438(1998))。
对阿尔茨海默病的最近治疗趋势着眼于阿尔茨海默病源于在大脑皮质(cerebral cortex)和海马(hippocampus)中功能损伤的胆碱能信号转导及传递(cholinergic signaling and transmission)的可能性(Bartus et al.,Science.217(4558):408-14(1982));及Coyle etal.,Science.219(4589):1184-90(1983))。由于这样的脑区域与记忆及智能连接,脑的这些部分的功能缺陷会给对记忆及判断的着实的损伤,并使智力丧失。虽然神经元信号转导(neuronal signaling)形成损伤的正确过程成为争论对象,但认为老年斑(senile plaque)及神经原纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangle:NFT)被认为是病理学主要现象。淀粉样β蛋白(Aβ)的蓄积所致的老年斑是此病的最大特征,阿尔茨海默病只有通过尸体解剖才可确诊(Khachaturian,Arch.Neurol.42(11):1097-105(1985))。
阿尔茨海默病的情况下,提示有为可抑制胆碱能神经传递的损伤而增加乙酰胆碱的量,使乙酰胆碱可长期存在或乙酰胆碱更加有效地作用于神经元细胞的传递的药物及治疗法,提高阿尔茨海默病患者的乙酰胆碱活性的多种化合物被使用。目前,最有效的接近方法是在突触使乙酰胆碱快速分解而阻断神经元信号转导的抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性的方法。实际上这样的抑制剂(例如他克林,多奈哌齐,加兰他敏及利斯的明)目前已作为经FDA认证的阿尔茨海默病治疗药物而在市场上流通。多种情况下,所述药物在缓和病的进行中有效,但不太适用于完全治愈。
某些化合物旨在随着改善神经的一般健康状态的细胞的功能的正常维持。例如,如NGF和雌激素的几种药物发挥减缓神经退化的神经保护作用,如抗氧化剂的其他药物通过减少细胞氧化来减少以正常的老化结果出现的有害的细胞损伤增加。如果淀粉样β蛋白肽蓄积的多,则阿尔茨海默病变得严重,认为如果降低神经炎空间(neuritic space)中淀粉样β蛋白的蓄积,就会减缓阿尔茨海默病的进行。认为淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白(Amyloid precursor protein:APP)与如α-、β-、γ-分泌酶的细胞内蛋白分解酶组合而以多种形态进行。但是,因为淀粉样β蛋白的形成过程实际未科学地完全阐明,所以调节淀粉样β蛋白的形成仍然不可能。
淀粉样β蛋白的蓄积导致神经信号转导异常的过程不明确。如果APP被异常切断而淀粉样β蛋白大量生成而蓄积在神经炎,则诱发斑形成。因此,与这样的切断反应相关的多种其他要素(例如炎症反应等)增加τ(tau)蛋白的磷酸化,增加NFT和双股螺旋形细丝(pairedhelical filament:PHF)的蓄积,而最终增加神经损伤。这样的要素均诱发神经的功能障碍,最终加速阿尔茨海默型痴呆的进行。
虽然对为减少阿尔茨海默病的影响的治疗方法的开发大量进行,至今仍只是提供暂时的症状改善。总之,目前阿尔茨海默病治疗不是逆转病的进行过程,而是着眼于改善病的症状。虽然对病的生物学知识知之甚多,但临床适用结果还不成功。
美国专利第5,532,219号公开了含4,4’-二氨基二苯砜等的阿尔茨海默病治疗用组合物,美国专利第5,506,097号公开了含对氨基二苯基甲磺酰氟或抑脂酶免疫酮A的阿尔茨海默病治疗用组合物,美国专利第6,136,861号公开了含二环[2,2,1]庚烷的阿尔茨海默病治疗用组合物。
另一方面,压力成为现代社会的重要的健康问题,在韩国20岁以上的成人中,1/3以上平时受到多种压力,10来岁的情况下,女人比男人感到更多压力,且年龄越高,越感到更多压力。压力虽然随着个人的性格、兴趣、消解法、周围环境、控制能力等而其强度不同,但大部分伴随抑郁症。抑郁症是也可由压力发病的精神疾病,有时导致如自杀的极端结果,且由于高复发率及快的患者发生率而被认为是非常重要的疾病。抑郁症的原因已被阐明为如肾上腺素、多巴胺或5-羟色胺等的脑神经递质的障碍,也伴随海马部位的萎缩及成人神经生成的抑制等的脑损伤。作为代表性的抑郁症治疗剂之一的三环抗抑郁剂(tricyclic antidepressant:TCA)具有副作用大的缺点。尤其是阿米替林等虽然在韩国广泛被开处方,但具有多种副作用等多个问题点。80年代美国开发出了选择性5-羟色胺摄取抑制剂(selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor:SSRI)——氟西汀(fluoxetine),其克服了TCA的副作用而大大提高了药物顺应度,且可降低治疗失败率,甚至在1996年度世界20大销售药品中排到7位。但是,SSRI在效果方面与TCA相比,不表现出大的差异,且此外具有药物相互干扰严重的问题点。
此外,压力所致的神经系统紊乱被持续诱发,因为目前的治疗方法无防止抑郁症药剂开处方后复发的特别措施,仅止于降低施用药物的含量而持续施用的水平。因此,对于压力所致的神经元细胞凋亡或神经递质系统的矫正有卓越的效果的物质的开发重要。此外,还有很多对为治疗压力所致的抑郁症而回避访问器官,由于压力而诱发5-羟色胺神经系统紊乱和脑损伤等等忽略的倾向,从而,实际上具有压力性抑郁症治疗功能的功能性食品的必要性非常大。
世界各国已经致力于开发神经退行性疾病的预防和治疗剂,其代表性的例有,美国专利第6,020,127号公开了人的染色体5q13中编码神经元细胞凋亡抑制蛋白的基因,美国专利第6,288,089号公开了抑制多巴胺神经元细胞凋亡而可治疗神经退行性疾病的吡啶基咪唑。
提示了几种相似再现这样的多种原因所致的脑损伤机理的实验方法,其中之一即为脑缺血-再灌流方法。此方法所致的脑细胞损伤机理可大致提炼为两种。一种是,脑血管再灌流后谷氨酸(glutamate)过度增加而随着钙离子通道开放而过量的钙离子流入神经元细胞内,从而神经元细胞死亡的“兴奋性细胞毒性(excitotoxicity)说”(Hagberg,H.et al.,Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev.8(1):30-38(2002))。另一种假说是认为由再灌流时被诱发的自由基所致的细胞内酶系统的破坏所导致的“氧化性压力说”(Chan.PH.,J Cereb Blood Flow Metab.21(1):2-14(2001))。据研究,兴奋性细胞毒性和氧自由基所致的神经元细胞的死亡并非个别发生,而是伴随发生,且它们直接作用于神经元细胞死亡(Won,MH.et al.,Brain Res.836:70-78(1999))。最近聚焦于在细胞的死亡出现的第4天主要被诱导的炎症介质或细胞因子等物质。认为这样的细胞因子和炎症介质被小神经胶质细胞(microglia)分泌,或者被正在死亡的细胞分泌而增加细胞的死亡(Basu,A.et al.,J Neurosci.22:6071-6082(2002))。
与脑损伤机理相关的另一实验方法着眼于脑细胞的兴奋性氨基酸(红藻氨酸、NMDA、使君子氨酸(quisulate)、AMPA、谷氨酸等)所致的兴奋毒性导致神经元细胞死亡,诱发脑功能的障碍,是引起如痉挛、脑卒中、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、脊髓损伤等的各种脑疾病的重要的因子的事实,而将兴奋性氨基酸红藻氨酸注射入脑室内的方法。如果将红藻氨酸施用于全身或中枢神经系统,则癫痫发作增加,且海马中合成阿片样肽(opioid peptide)的强啡肽原(prodynorphin)或前脑啡肽(proenkephalin)mRNA的浓度增加。所述红藻氨酸在海马组织中增加c-fos和c-jun转录调节因子的表达(Kaminska,B.et al.,Acta Biochim Pol.44:781-789(1997)),此外还报告增加与如IL-1的细胞因子基因和炎症反应相关的iNOS(诱导型氮氧化物合酶)及环加氧酶-2(COX-2)基因的表达(Kunz,T.and Oliw,EH.,Eur JNeurosci.13:569-575(2001))。利用白色小鼠的红藻氨酸所致的MAPK信号转导研究中被报告ERK1/2、p38、JNK蛋白的磷酸化在海马组织中增加,红藻氨酸诱导的MAPK的表达对于细胞生存或死亡而言,是诱导下游的多种基因表达的重要指标(Mielke,K et al.,Neuroscience.91:471-483(1999))。
本说明书通篇参考了多个论文及专利文献,已将所述引用表示出。将引用的论文及专利文献的公开内容通过引用整体并入本文,以使本发明所属技术领域的水平及本发明的内容被更明确地说明。
发明内容
技术课题
本发明人通过促进神经元细胞的死亡抑制和/或神经元细胞的生成,致力于开发可预防或治疗神经疾病,尤其是脑疾病的,可改善认知功能的物质,其结果确认斯钙素2(stanniocalcin 2)表现出所述神经关联活性,从而完成本发明。
因此,本发明的目的是提供含斯钙素2作为有效成分的脑疾病的预防或治疗用组合物。
本发明的其他目的是提供含斯钙素2作为有效成分的认知功能的改善用组合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供脑疾病的预防或治疗方法。
本发明的其他目的是提供认知功能的改善方法。
本发明的其他目的及优点将通过下述发明的详细说明及附图被更明确说明。
解决课题的技术方案
根据本发明的一实施方式,本发明提供含斯钙素2作为有效成分的脑疾病的预防或治疗用组合物。
根据本发明的其他实施方式,本发明提供含斯钙素2作为有效成分的认知功能的改善用组合物。
根据本发明的另一实施方式,本发明提供包括给受试者施用药学有效量的含斯钙素2作为有效成分的药学组合物的步骤的脑疾病的预防或治疗方法。
根据本发明的其他实施方式,本发明提供包括给受试者施用药学有效量的含斯钙素2作为有效成分的药学组合物的步骤的认知功能的改善方法。
本发明人通过促进神经元细胞的死亡抑制和/或神经元细胞的生成,致力于开发可预防或治疗神经疾病,尤其是脑疾病的,可改善认知功能的物质,其结果确认,斯钙素2表现出所述神经关联活性。
本发明的组合物中作为有效成分被利用的斯钙素2与斯钙素1不同,其作用几乎未被阐明,预计在生物学上发挥其他作用(Derek A.JELLINEK et al.,Biochemical J.,350:453-461(2000))。
斯钙素(Stanniocalcin)是由在被称为司登尼亚腺小体的硬骨鱼类的肾中发现的内分泌腺分泌的同型二聚体(homodimeric)糖蛋白激素(Wagner,G.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes,eds.Hochachka and Mommsen,Elsevier Science,Amersterdam,2(21):419-434(1993))。人的斯钙素最近被发现(Chang et al.,Mol.Cell.Endocrinol.112:241-247(1995)及Olsen et al.WO95/24411)。斯钙素2(STC2)与斯钙素1(STC1)不同,其作用几乎未被阐明,预计在生物学上发挥其他作用(Derek A.JELLINEK etal.,Biochemical J.,350:453-461(2000))。据发表,斯钙素2与STCl具有约34%的同一性(Chang,A.C.M.et al.,Mol.Cell.Endocrinol.,141:95-99(1998))。STC2在哺乳动物组织,例如,胰腺、骨骼肌及小肠等中广泛表达。STC2的功能未被确切阐明,但预测与钙及磷酸盐的代谢相关联。
本发明的最大的特征是STC2抑制神经元细胞的死亡,令人感兴趣的是其促进神经元细胞的生成的新用途。
含所述斯钙素2的本发明的组合物在神经性疾病,尤其是脑疾病的预防或治疗中表现出优良的功效。所述本发明的作用大体上可通过神经元细胞的保护活性表现出。本说明书中的用语“神经元细胞”包括构成中枢神经系统、脑、脑干、脊髓、中枢神经系统和末梢神经系统的接合部分等的结构的神经元、神经支持细胞、神经胶质细胞、施旺细胞等。本说明书中的用语“神经元细胞的保护”是指发挥减轻或改善(amelioration)神经性损伤(neurologic insult)的作用,或发挥对由神经性损伤受到损伤的神经元细胞的保护或恢复作用。此外,本说明书中的用语“神经性损伤”是指由多种原因(例如代谢原因、毒性原因、神经毒性原因及化学原因等)导致的神经元细胞或神经组织的损伤。
可适用本发明的组合物的疾病的具体例包括:神经退行性疾病、缺血再灌流损伤及精神疾病等,但不限于此。更具体而言,可利用于如阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病、帕金森病及肌萎缩侧索硬化的神经退行性疾病;如脑卒中(尤其是缺血性脑卒中)的缺血或再灌流所致的神经元细胞的损伤所致的疾病;及如精神分裂症、抑郁症、躁郁症及创伤后应激障碍的精神疾病等的预防或治疗。
如下述实施例所示,本发明的斯钙素2大大抑制神经元细胞凋亡所致的死亡。例如,大大抑制诱导神经元细胞凋亡的神经毒性物质——红藻氨酸所致的神经元细胞的死亡。
本发明的斯钙素2在认知功能(cognitive function)的改善中也表现出优良的功效。本发明的斯钙素2优选在改善或预防伴随上述神经性疾病的认知功能的恶化中表现出优良的功效。此外,本发明的斯钙素2在正常人的认知功能的改善中也表现出优良的功效。
另一方面,维持记忆的形成和储存的最重要部位是脑的海马。海马是神经元密集的区域,新的神经元细胞的生成活泼地发生,同时相互交换电刺激来担当对学习和记忆的功能。本发明的斯钙素2尤其促进位于海马内侧的齿状回的颗粒细胞层下侧的颗粒细胞下层中的神经元细胞生成。当考虑不伴随海马中的神经生成的情况下也不伴随代表性的抗抑郁剂——丙咪嗪的效果的结果时,海马齿状回颗粒细胞层的神经元细胞生成在压力改善中表现出连贯性。另外,当考虑抗抑郁剂成分帕罗西汀表现出促进海马齿状回颗粒细胞层的神经元细胞生成的功能时,仍优选将斯钙素2应用于抗抑郁症的治疗剂。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的斯钙素2发挥的认知功能的改善是学习能力和/或记忆力的改善。
本说明书中,用语″预防″是指抑制虽然未被诊断患疾病或疾病,但具有易患这样的疾病或疾病的倾向的动物中疾病或疾病的发生。本说明书中的用语“治疗”是指(a)疾病或疾病的发展的抑制;(b)疾病或疾病的减轻;及(c)疾病或疾病的除去。
本说明书中的用语“斯钙素2”若无特别说明是指人斯钙素2,且优选具有序列表SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的组合物是药学组合物或食品组合物。
当本发明的组合物是药学组合物时,本发明的组合物含:(a)药学有效量的斯钙素2;及(b)药学可接受载质。
含于本发明的药学组合物中的药学可接受载质是制剂时通常被利用的载质,包括:碳水化合物(例如乳糖、直链淀粉、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、淀粉、纤维素等)、阿拉伯胶、磷酸钙、藻酸盐、明胶、硅酸钙、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素、水、糖浆、盐溶液、醇、阿拉伯树胶、植物油(例如玉米油、棉籽油、豆油、橄榄油、可可油)、聚乙二醇、甲基纤维素、羟苯甲酸甲脂、羟苯甲酸丙脂、滑石、硬脂酸镁及矿物油等,但不限于此。本发明的药学组合物在所述成分之外,还包括:润滑剂、湿润剂、甜味剂、香味剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、防腐剂等,但不限于此。合适的药学可接受载质及制剂详细记载于Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences(19th ed.,1995)中。
本发明的药学组合物可经口或非经口施用,非经口施用情况下,可通过静脉内注射、皮下注射、肌肉注射及脑室内注射等施用。
本发明的药学组合物的合适的施用量根据如制剂化方法、施用方式,患者的年龄、体重、性别、疾病状态、饮食、施用时间、施用途径、排泄速度及反应感应性的要素而多样,一般熟练的医生可容易决定及开处方所望的对治疗或预防有效的施用量。例如,本发明的药学组合物的单日施用量是0.0001~100mg/kg。
本发明的药学组合物根据所述发明所属的技术领域中具有普通知识的技术人员容易实施的方法,利用药学可接受载质和/或赋形剂进行制剂化,可制备成单元剂量形态,或制备入多容量容器内。此时剂型是油性或水性溶剂中的溶液、悬浮液或乳化液形态,或是粉剂,颗粒剂,锭剂,胶囊剂形态,还可含分散剂或稳定剂。
本发明的组合物可开发成食品组合物。本发明的食品组合物含制备食品时通常添加的成分,包括例如,蛋白、碳水化合物、脂肪、营养素、调味剂及香味剂。所述碳水化合物的例是单糖,例如,葡萄糖,果糖等;二糖,例如麦芽糖,蔗糖,寡糖等;及多糖,例如糊精,环糊精等的通常的糖及木糖醇、山梨糖醇、赤藓糖醇等的糖醇。香味剂可使用:天然香味剂[索马汀,甜叶菊提取物(例如甜叶菊苷A,甘草皂苷等)]及合成香味剂(糖精,阿司帕坦等)。例如,在制备成饮剂的情况,除本发明的斯钙素2之外,还可包括:枸橼酸、液态果糖、白糖、葡萄糖、醋酸、苹果酸、果汁、杜仲提取液、枣提取液、甘草提取液等。如果考虑对食品的容易的接近性,本发明的食品非常有用于神经性疾病的治疗或预防,及认知功能的改善。
发明的有益效果
本发明的特征及优点概述如下:
(i)本发明提供含斯钙素2作为有效成分的神经性疾病,尤其是脑疾病的预防或治疗用组合物及认知功能的改善用组合物。
(ii)本发明中被当做有效成分利用的斯钙素2不仅抑制神经元细胞凋亡,还意想不到地具有促进神经元细胞的生成的活性。
附图说明
图1是显示本发明中被利用的斯钙素2(Stanniocalein 2:STC2)抑制小鼠海马的阿蒙角3区域(Cornu Ammonis 3:CA3)中的神经元细胞的死亡的结果照片。图1A和图1C是红藻氨酸(红藻氨酸:KA)单独治疗组,图1B和图1D是KA及STC2联用治疗组,将它们进行了比较。图1A中,CA1,CA2及CA3分别表示海马的阿蒙角(Cornu Ammonis:CA)1区域、阿蒙角2区域、及阿蒙角3区域,DG表示齿状回(dentate gyrus:DG)。图1C中,3个黑色箭标表示神经元细胞死亡的部分。图1B和图1D中,可确认由STC2而神经元细胞死亡被抑制。
图2是将斯钙素2(Stanniocalcin 2:STC2)对位于小鼠海马的颗粒细胞下层(subgranular zone:SGZ)中的神经元细胞增殖的影响根据免疫组织化学法(Immunohistochemistry),用胸苷类似物——溴脱氧尿苷(Bromodeoxyuridine:BrdU)染色有丝分裂后神经元细胞(postmitotic neurons)的基因组的实验结果。黑色箭标表示溴脱氧尿苷-免疫阳性细胞(BrdU-immunopositive cells),可确认相比图2A和图2C(对照组),图2B和图2D(STC2处理组)中的溴脱氧尿苷-免疫阳性细胞在海马的颗粒细胞下层中增加。
图3是将图2的实验相对定量而比较的坐标图。对照是指STC2未施用组的对照组,STC2是斯钙素2施用组。可确认,相比对照组,STC2施用组中的溴脱氧尿苷-免疫阳性细胞在海马的颗粒细胞下层中显著增加。
图4是将经pUC-narK Met-hSTC2转化的大肠杆菌Top10F′细胞破碎后经离心分离回收的沉淀物用SDS-PAGE分析的照片,可在33kDa处确认对应于hSTC2的条带。
图5是经纯化的hSTC2的SDS-PAGE结果。可确认33kDa的经纯化的hSTC2条带。
图6是经纯化的hSTC2的SDS-PAGE结果。可确认33kDa的经纯化的hSTC2条带。泳道1是蛋白大小标记物,泳道2是经纯化的hSTC2。
图7是对小鼠的Y-maze行动实验的结果,hSTC2施用组的情况下,可确认相比KA单独施用组,表示地点记忆力的分值显著增加(p<0.05)。
图8是对小鼠的找水行动实验(Water finding test)的结果,在hSTC2施用组的情况下,相比KA单独施用组,饮水等待时间显著减少,可确认学习记忆力的水平提高(p<0.05)。
图9是对小鼠的强制游泳行动实验(Forced swim test)的结果,在hSTC2施用组的情况下,相比施用生理盐水的对照组,不动时间显著减少,从而可确认对忧郁关联行动的改善有效(p<0.05)。
图10是对小鼠的短暂性局部缺血模型中hSTC2施用组的脑损伤程度相比施用生理盐水的对照组显著减少,从而可确认具有减少脑梗塞体积和神经性缺乏的效果(p<0.05)。
实施方式
以下通过实施例更详细说明本发明。这些实施例仅旨在更具体说明本发明,本领域技术人员知晓,根据本发明的精神,本发明的范围不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例
材料及方法
1.斯钙素2(Stannioealcin 2:STC2)的制备
从HEF(人胚胎成纤维细胞)得到基因组DNA。将其用BamHI(Takara,Japan)切断后作为模板(template)使用,进行为了得到编码斯钙素2的4个外显子DNA片段的PCR。为了连接各外显子DAN片段,设计引物使连接部位的一部分的19个碱基可相互形成碱基对(base pairing),所有PCR中使用PrimeSTARTM HS DNA聚合酶(Takara,Japan)。为扩增斯钙素2的外显子1、2、3及4的第1次PCR方法如下。以用BamHI(Takara,Japan)切断的基因组DNA作为模板共同使用,利用hSTC21U引物(Bioneer,Korea)和hSTC22D引物对进行PCR(30个循环;98℃10秒钟,55℃5秒钟,72℃30秒钟)后,扩增获得169bp的外显子1。用相同的方法,利用hSTC23U和hSTC24D引物对得到163bp的外显子2,利用hSTC25U和hSTC26D引物对得到231bp的外显子3,及利用hSTC 7U和hSTC28D引物对得到420bp的外显子4。
第2次PCR中,将用上述方法获得的外显子1(169bp)、外显子2(163bp)、外显子3(231bp)和外显子4(420bp)作为模板使用,加入含EcoRI(Takara,Japan)切断部位(GAATTC)的hSTC21U和含KpnI切断部位(GGTACC)的hSTC28D引物对,重新进行PCR(30个循环;98℃10秒钟,55℃5分钟,72℃1分钟)而得到926bp的斯钙素2。
将用所述方法得到的编码斯钙素2的DNA和pUC-18(AmershamPharmacia Biotech,Swiss)用EcoRI和KpnI(Takara,Japan)切断,用T4DNA连接酶(Takara,Japan)连接后,转化Top10F′菌株。其后,于37℃培养15小时后,任意选定3个集落进行培养,用碱裂解方法得到质粒后,在1%琼脂糖凝胶中进行电泳来确认大小,再分析碱基序列(Solgent,韩国)而选择了所望的质粒(pUC-hSTC2)。
之后,进行连接narK启动子和除去信号序列的Met-斯钙素2的PCR,以使连接部位的18个碱基相互形成碱基对连接。第1次PCR方法如下。以pNKmut质粒(含-10突变的narK启动子,(株)Regeron)作为模板,利用OY-17和r-narK D引物对进行PCR(30个循环;98℃10秒钟,55℃5秒钟,72℃25秒钟)得到350bp的narK启动子。以所述pUC-hSTC2作为模板,利用hSTC29U和hSTC28D引物对进行PCR(30个循环;98℃10秒钟,55℃5秒钟,72℃55秒钟)而得到863bp的除去信号序列的Met-斯钙素2。
第2次PCR中,以用上述方法获得的narK启动子(350bp)和Met-斯钙素2(420bp)作为模板使用,加入含EcoRI切断部位(GAATTC)的OY-17和含KpnI切断部位(GGTACC)的hSTC28D引物对重新进行PCR(30个循环;98℃10秒钟,55℃5分钟,72℃1分钟)而得到1195bp的片段(含narK启动子和除去信号序列的Met-斯钙素2的片段)。将1195bp的片段(含narK启动子和除去信号序列的Met-斯钙素2的片段)和pUC-rrnB(向pUC18质粒中插入rrnB终止子,(株)Regeron)用EcoRI和KpnI切断,用T4DNA连接酶连接后,转化Top10F′菌株。其后,于37℃培养15小时后,任意选定3个集落进行培养,用碱裂解方法得到质粒后,在1%琼脂糖凝胶中进行电泳来确认大小,再进行碱基序列分析来选择所望的质粒(pUC-narK Met-hSTC2)。
表1
引物碱基序列
引物 | 碱基序列(5’→3’) |
hSTC21U | CCGGAATTCATGTGTGCCGAGCGGC(25聚体) |
hSTC22D | GGATCTCCGCTGTATTCTGCAGGGACAGG(29聚体) |
hSTC23U | CAGAATACAGCGGAGATCCAGCACTGTT(28聚体) |
hSTC24D | ATGACTTGCCCTGGGCATCAAATTTTCC(28聚体) |
hSTC25U | GATGCCCAGGGCAAGTCATTCATCAAAGAC(30聚体) |
hSTC26D | CACGTAGGGTTCGTGCAGCAGCAAGTC(27聚体) |
hSTC27U | GCTGCACGAACCCTACGTGGACCTCGT(27聚体) |
hSTC28D | GGGGTACCTCACCTCCGGATATCAGAATAC(30聚体) |
hSTC29U | GTATCAGAGGTGTCTATGACCGACGCCACCAACC(34聚体) |
OY-17 | CCGGAATTCGTAAACCTCTTCCTTCAGGCT(30聚体) |
r-narK D | CATAGACACCTCTGATACTCGTTTCG(26聚体) |
将经pUC-narK Met-hSTC2转化的大肠杆菌Top10F′细胞10g悬浮于200ml的5mM EDTA溶液中后,用超声波破碎细胞后,将其在10,000g离心分离30分钟来回收沉淀物。将回收的沉淀物悬浮,将其用SDS-PAGE分析。如图4所示,可在33kDa处观察对应于hSTC2的条带。此外,将SDS-PAGE上的33kDa部位的条带洗脱,于37℃用胰蛋白酶(Promega,美国)切断16小时,用MALDI-TOF(Applied Biosystems,美国)分析,从而可确认数据是MS-Fit搜索(Protein Prospector)结果hSTC2。
向所述离心分离的沉淀物中加入蒸馏水200ml,加入100%TritonX 100原液1ml至0.5%TritonX 100的浓度,于常温搅拌30分钟后,将其在10,000g离心分离30分钟来回收沉淀物。向其中加入蒸馏水200ml,于常温搅拌30分钟后,将其在10,000g离心分离30分钟来回收沉淀物。向其中加入溶液(50mM Tris pH8.0、6M尿素,10mM2-巯基乙醇)200ml,于常温搅拌90分钟后,将其在10,000g离心分离40分钟来回收上清。
向所述上清中加入蒸馏水200ml稀释后,使稀释液通过用缓冲溶液(20mM Tris,1mM EDTA)预先平衡的DEAE-琼脂糖柱(GEHealthcare)来使吸附于凝胶,重新使缓冲溶液(20mM Tris,1mMEDTA)通过来洗涤。其后,使缓冲溶液(20mM Tris,1mM EDTA,300mM NaCl)通过来洗脱吸附于凝胶的蛋白。将所述洗脱液用使用缓冲溶液(20mM NaH2PO4,1mM EDTA,pH7.0)预先平衡的Superdex200(GE Healthcare)进行凝胶过滤层析。洗脱出的级分经15%SDS-PAGE(图5)而只收集hSTC2纯度在90%以上的级分。最终,将经纯化的hSTC2(纯度95%以上)(图6)使用标准蛋白(BSA:牛血清白蛋白)和分光光度计(Molecular Device公司Spectra MAX 190)用Bradford Assay测定波长595nm处的结果,蛋白定量值是0.125mg/ml。最终,将经纯化的hSTC2用于以后的实验。
2.斯钙素2(Stanniocalcin 2:STC2)脑室内注射(I.C.V)浓度
确定
将溶于生理盐水(PBS)的hSTC2(100ng/5μl)5μl脑室内注射(Intracerebroventricular Injection:I.C.V)给ICR小鼠(DBL,韩国)。
3.溴脱氧尿苷(Bromodeoxyuridine:BrdU)腹腔施用
给23~25g的4周龄雄性ICR小鼠(DBL,韩国)腹腔施用50mg/kg的溴脱氧尿苷(Bromodeoxyuridine:BrdU,Sigma)。
4.溴脱氧尿苷(Bromodeoxyuridine:BrdU)染色
给23~25g的4周龄雄性小鼠(DBL,韩国)脑室内注射hSTC2后腹腔施用了BrdU。施用24小时后,给实验动物利用4%多聚甲醛灌流液(paraformaldehyde preperfusion solution)灌流固定。迅速摘出经固定动物的脑后,在同一固定液中4小时,后固定(postfixation)后,用30%蔗糖溶液洗涤24小时后,利用冷冻组织包埋剂(optimum cutting temperature compound:OCT compound,Fisher)进行冷却。其后,用冷冻切片机制备40μm厚度的组织切片,放入冷冻保护剂(cryoprotectant)溶液盅后,在-20℃下保存,进行BrdU染色。实验经两天进行,第一天的实验过程是将放在冷冻保护剂溶液中的脑组织放入丙烯基平板孔中,用50mM磷酸缓冲液(Phosphate Buffer:PB)以每次5分钟洗涤3次后,在0.5%Triton X-100中处理20分钟后,用50mM磷酸缓冲液以每次5分钟洗涤3次后,利用甲酰胺(100%)和4×SSC(柠檬酸钠溶液),将用最终浓度甲酰胺50%+2×SSC制成的溶液以每玻璃杯加入2ml,移入组织,于65℃在振荡恒温水槽中保存2小时。其后,用2×SSC以每次5分钟洗涤2次后,移入在37℃振荡恒温水槽中预加热30分钟的2N HCl(PBS 9.6ml+HCl原液2ml)中后,于常温振荡下在0.1M硼酸钠(pH8.5)中于25℃中和10分钟。其后,用50mM PB以每次5分钟洗涤3次后,用1%BSA(牛血清白蛋白)+10%马血清(horse serum)培养1小时后,利用抗-BrdU抗体(Roche)于4℃施行免疫组织化学染色12小时。次日,将脑组织用50mM PB以每次5分钟洗涤3次后经1小时,与50mM PB+0.5%BSA上缀合生物素的第2抗体——山羊抗-小鼠IgG(1∶200,载体)反应1小时后,用50mM PB以每次5分钟洗涤3次。其后,与ABC(亲和素-生物素复合物)试剂(1∶200)(载体)反应1小时后,用50mM PB以每次5分钟洗涤3次后,以二氨基联苯胺(diaminobenzidine:DAB)为底物进行显色。将显色后的组织在混酸甲酚酯(cresyl violet)中染色约2分钟后,用常规方法脱水,澄清后,用polymount包埋。
5.免疫组织化学法(Immunohistochemistry)
给23~25g的4周龄雄性小鼠脑室内注射(I.C.V)红藻氨酸(红藻氨酸,Tocoris,0.1μg/5μl)5μl或者红藻氨酸和hSTC2的混合溶液((红藻氨酸0.1μg+hSTC2100ng)/5μl)5μl,施用24小时后,利用4%多聚甲醛灌流液将实验动物灌流固定。迅速摘出经固定的动物的脑后,在同一固定液中后固定4小时后,用30%蔗糖溶液洗涤24小时后,利用OCT化合物冷冻所述脑组织。其后,冷冻切片机制备40μm厚度的组织切片,放入冷冻保护剂溶液中后,于-20℃保存后,施行免疫组织化学法。第一天的实验过程是,将脑组织从冷冻保护剂溶液中取出,用50mM PB以每次5分钟洗涤3次。其后,为除去内源性过氧化酶(endogenous peroxidase)而用3%H2O2(在50mM PB中)处理10分钟后,并用50mM PB+1%BSA+0.2%Triton X-100处理30分钟。其后,在50mM PB+0.5%BSA+3%正常血清中培养1小时后,用50mM PB洗涤10分钟后,利用抗-OX-42单克隆抗体施行了免疫组织化学染色。次日,将脑组织用50mM PB以每次5分钟洗涤3次后经1小时,在50mM PB+0.5%BSA中与第2抗体——山羊抗-小鼠IgG(1∶200)反应1小时后,用50mM PB以每次5分钟3次洗涤。其后,与ABC试剂(1∶200)反应1小时后,用50mM PBS以每次5分钟洗涤3次后,以DAB为底物进行显色。将显色后的组织用常规方法脱水,澄清后,用polymount包埋。
6.BV2小神经胶质细胞的培养
于37℃,5%CO2状态下,使用含2mM L-谷氨酰胺、100单位/ml青霉素、100μg/ml链霉素、10%热灭活的胎牛血清(FBS)的DMEM(Dulbeco′s Modified Eagle′s Medium)培养基(GIBCO BRL,USA)培养小鼠小神经胶质细胞株BV2(Dr.Cho dong-hyup,Department ofNeurobiology and Behavior,Cornell University)。当培养细胞长到铺满底部面积的90%左右,就实施继代培养,将对数生长期的细胞用于实验。
7.药物处理
为抑制小神经胶质细胞(microglia)的活性,处理hSTC2至最终浓度达10nM。作为小神经胶质细胞活性剂,处理LPS(脂多糖)至最终浓度达200ng/ml。
8.氧化氮(Nitric oxide:NO)浓度测定
氧化氮(Nitric oxide:NO)的生成通过测定亚硝酸盐(nitrite:NO2 -)的浓度来确定。亚硝酸盐的浓度利用格里斯试剂(Griess reagent:1%磺胺0.1%萘基乙二胺二盐酸盐/2.5%H3PO4)通过比色分析法(colorimetric assay)测定。
9.小鼠的Y-maze行动实验(Y-maze test)
将23~25g的4周龄雄性ICR小鼠(DBL,韩国)以各5只随机分为对照组和实验组两组,给对照组红藻氨酸(红藻氨酸,Tocoris,0.1μg/5μl)5μl,给实验组脑室内注射(I.C.V)红藻氨酸和hSTC2的混合溶液((红藻氨酸0.1μg+hSTC2100ng)/5μl)5μl,施用24小时后进行认知功能行动实验Y-maze行动实验。Y-maze装置由40(长度)×12(宽度)×30(高度)cm的3个臂(arm)构成,实验时的照度在20±5lux下施行。将构成Y-maze的3个臂分别任意命名为A、B及C后,加入待实验小鼠,使其头部向着这些中一个臂的通道末端后,使其自由行走通道8分钟,观察其移动路径。小鼠的后脚进入一个臂的通道,则认为通过所述臂。如此依次记录小鼠通过的臂后顺序以每3个绑在一起时,给小鼠通过路径(臂)均不同的赋予1分的分值。例如,小鼠以ABCAC的顺序通过了臂,则对以ABC、BCA及CAC顺序绑定赋予2分。记忆力分值(%)除以总分值(总通过次数-2),将其重新用百分率换算来计算。
小鼠的找水行动实验(Water finding test)
将23~25g的4周龄雄性ICR小鼠(DBL,韩国)以各5只随机分为对照组和实验组两组,给对照组脑室内注射(I.C.V)红藻氨酸(0.1μg/5μl)5μl,给实验组脑室内注射(I.C.V)红藻氨酸和hSTC2的混合溶液((红藻氨酸0.1μg+hSTC2100ng)/5μl)5μl,施用24小时后进行了预测潜在学习的找水行动实验。装置是30(长度)×50(宽度)×20(高度)cm大小的箱子,底部分为10×10cm的15个隔间,一侧壁面制造了10×10cm门,向其中插入了水瓶。第一天,向一侧末端放入仅施用红藻氨酸或施用红藻氨酸和STC2的小鼠后,使其学习找水。学习后,中断水的供给24小时。第二天将其重新放入装置中测定了饮水等待时间(drinking latency,秒钟)。
小鼠的强制游泳行动实验
将23~25g的4周龄雄性4周龄ICR小鼠(DBL,韩国)以各5只随机分为对照组和实验组两组,给对照组脑室内注射(I.C.V)生理盐水,给实验组脑室内注射(I.C.V)hSTC2(100ng/5μl)5μl。24小时后施加拘束压力2小时。施加压力后放入装有25±2℃水的圆通水槽(直径10cm,高度20cm)中使其强制游泳6分钟。从过了2分钟后开始计算,测定其余4分钟的过程中小鼠取将脸露出水面上而静静地浮在水上不动的姿势的时间。认为不动行动意味着无助感(helplessness)。
对短暂性大脑局部缺血(Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia)及
短暂性中脑动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion:MCAO)所
致的脑损伤的影响
给10只雄性成年C57BL/6J小鼠(3月龄,25~30g,DBL,韩国)腹腔内注射替来他明(Tiletamine)、唑拉西泮(Zoletile)和盐酸塞拉嗪(8mg/kg),麻醉后固定于立体定位装置(Havard Apparatus),沿中线切开皮肤,在前卤点的后方0.2mm,侧方1.2mm处开孔,以2.5mm深度插入了脑注射器(Havard Apparatus)。脑注射器用牙科用粘固剂固定。3天后,使用安眠面罩,用2%异氟醚(Tocoris)及氮和氧的混合气体(70%/30%)麻醉小鼠,用加热板及灯将体温维持在37±0.5℃。将经如上处理的小鼠以各5只随机分为实验组和对照组两组后,通过脑注射器给实验组脑室内注射(I.C.V)hSTC2(100ng/5μl)5μl,及给对照组脑室内注射(I.C.V)相同体积的生理盐水,切开正中颈部,暴露外颈动脉后,使经热处理使尖端变钝而制成的9.0mm长度的5-0手术用尼龙缝合线(Ethicon,Edinburg,UK)通过外颈动脉插入内颈动脉来阻断中脑动脉血流,60分钟后除去尼龙,恢复血流。局部大脑缺血后第24小时时处死小鼠,摘出脑。利用脑模具(Havard Apparatus)从额叶以1mm厚度切开摘出的脑来冠状切片化。将各切片浸于2%TTC(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazoliumchloride)中,于37℃培养15分钟来进行染色,利用扫描仪(Hewlett-Packard)以1200dpi进行扫描后,用ImagePro-Plus软件(Media Cybernetics)进行分析。
实验结果
红藻氨酸(kainic acid:KA)诱导性神经元细胞死亡中斯钙素2
(Stanniocalcin 2:STC2)的影响
本研究中确认了KA所致的海马CA3区域的锥体神经元细胞死亡(具体为神经元细胞凋亡)是否被STC2抑制。将红藻氨酸和hSTC2的混合溶液((红藻氨酸0.1μg+hSTC2100ng)/5μl)5μl注射到23~25g的雄性ICR小鼠的脑室内,24小时后摘出脑。将经切片的脑组织用混酸甲酚酯染色来观察CA3海马区域的神经元细胞死亡。实验结果确认,KA单独处理组中的CA3海马区域的锥体神经元细胞死亡,但KA和STC2联用处理组中的神经元细胞死亡被抑制(图1)。本研究结果表明,STC2具有对谷氨酰胺过度活化性神经毒性的保护效果。
斯钙素2(Stanniocalcin 2:STC2)对神经元细胞生成的影响
已知,即便神经元细胞分化结束后,在脑的一部分区域中,神经元细胞仍分裂、分化,将其称为神经发生(neurogenesis)。神经发生已知在脑的区域中担当记忆和认知功能的海马齿状回(dentate gyrus:DG)的颗粒细胞层(granular cell layer:GCL)下方的颗粒细胞下层(subgranular zone:SGZ)中发生,其会由学习等而增加。
将STC2(10nM)注射到23~25g的雄性ICR小鼠的脑室内,并腹腔施用溴脱氧尿苷(Bromodeoxyuridine:BrdU)(100mg/kg)。24小时后摘出脑后,进行BrdU免疫组织化学法。实验结果,相比对照组,STC2施用组中溴脱氧尿苷-免疫阳性细胞(BrdU-immunopositive cells)在海马的SGZ中显著增加(图2及3)。
本研究结果表明,STC2发挥促进神经元细胞形成的作用。
斯钙素2对施用红藻氨酸的小鼠的Y-maze行动实验(Y-maze
test)的影响
本实验是应用啮齿类的基本特性中的探索和好奇心而检查地点记忆力的实验。在KA(红藻氨酸)单独施用组中,记忆力分值是42.5±5.4%。同时施用hSTC2和KA的情况下,记忆力分值是61.3±6.3%,可知由KA减少的记忆力分值被hSTC2大大增加(图7)。
斯钙素2对施用红藻氨酸的小鼠的找水行动实验(Water finding
test)的影响
本实验是可评价学习、地点记忆及工作记忆的检查。学习及记忆力水平高的情况下饮水等待时间(drinking latency)相对短。相比KA单独施用组(143±34秒钟),hSTC2施用组(67±25秒钟)的饮水等待时间显著减少(p<0.05)(图8)。
斯钙素2对小鼠的强制游泳行动实验(Forced swim test)的影响
本检查在使用作为抑郁症动物模型而被广泛使用的模型观察及评价忧郁关联行动中使用。不动时间(immobile time)越长,评价为无助感(helplessness)越大。相比对照组(113±21秒钟),hSTC2施用组(71±15秒钟)的不动时间显著减少(p<0.05)(图9)。
斯钙素2对小鼠的短暂性大脑局部缺血(Transient Focal
Cerebral Ischemia)及短暂性中脑动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery
occlusion:MCAO)所致的脑损伤的影响
本实验是为验证在小鼠的短暂性局部缺血模型中hSTC2的施用是否具有减少脑梗塞体积和神经性缺乏的效果的实验。是为确认hSTC2的神经保护效果。相比对照组(42.2±3.4%),施用hSTC2的组(23.8±4.2)的脑梗塞大小显著减少(p<0.05)。(图10)
以上详细记载了本发明的特定部分,本领域技术人员明晰,所述具体记载仅为优选实施方式,本发明的范围不受其限制。因此,本发明的实际范围由随附的权利要求及其等价形式定义。
序列表
附加序列表电子文件。
Claims (18)
1.脑疾病的预防或治疗用组合物,其含斯钙素2作为有效成分。
2.认知功能的改善用组合物,其含斯钙素2作为有效成分。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物是药学组合物或食品组合物。
4.权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物具有神经元细胞的保护活性。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其特征在于,所述神经元细胞的保护活性表现为抑制神经元细胞凋亡。
6.权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物具有促进神经发生的活性。
7.权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,所述脑疾病选自:神经退行性疾病、缺血再灌流损伤及精神疾病。
8.权利要求7的组合物,其特征在于,所述精神疾病是抑郁症或躁郁症。
9.权利要求2的组合物,其特征在于,所述认知功能是学习能力,记忆力或集中力。
10.脑疾病的预防或治疗方法,其包括给受试者施用药学有效量的含斯钙素2作为有效成分的药学组合物的步骤。
11.认知功能的改善方法,其包括给受试者施用药学有效量的含斯钙素2作为有效成分的药学组合物的步骤。
12.权利要求10或11的方法,其特征在于所述组合物是药学组合物或食品组合物。
13.权利要求10或11的方法,其特征在于,所述组合物具有神经元细胞的保护活性。
14.权利要求13的方法,其特征在于,所述神经元细胞的保护活性表现为抑制神经元细胞凋亡。
15.权利要求10或11的方法,其特征在于,所述组合物具有促进神经发生的活性。
16.权利要求10的方法,其特征在于,所述脑疾病选自:神经退行性疾病、缺血再灌流损伤及精神疾病。
17.权利要求16的方法,其特征在于,所述精神疾病是抑郁症或躁郁症。
18.权利要求11的方法,其特征在于,所述认知功能是学习能力,记忆力或集中力。
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US20020042372A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2002-04-11 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Stanniocalcin polynucleotides, polypeptides, and methods based thereon |
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US20020042372A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2002-04-11 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Stanniocalcin polynucleotides, polypeptides, and methods based thereon |
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Title |
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DAISUKE ITO, ET AL.: "Characterization of Stanniocalcin 2, a Novel Target of the Mammalian Unfolded Protein Response with Cytoprotective Properties", 《MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY》 * |
KE-ZHOU ZHANG, ET AL.: "High Expression of Stanniocalcin in Differentiated Brain Neurons", 《AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY》 * |
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