CN101967530A - Method for reducing iron by smelting reduction in electrometallurgy - Google Patents
Method for reducing iron by smelting reduction in electrometallurgy Download PDFInfo
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- CN101967530A CN101967530A CN201010524872XA CN201010524872A CN101967530A CN 101967530 A CN101967530 A CN 101967530A CN 201010524872X A CN201010524872X A CN 201010524872XA CN 201010524872 A CN201010524872 A CN 201010524872A CN 101967530 A CN101967530 A CN 101967530A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for reducing iron by smelting reduction in electrometallurgy. The method is characterized by taking electric energy as a heat source and natural ore or artificial ore, carbonaceous reducing agent and solvent as raw materials and comprising the following steps: pre-reducing the raw materials at the temperature of 700 to 900 DEG C for 4 to 6 h; heating to 1,400 to 1,700 DEG C in an electric furnace so as to smelt the furnace burden and reduce into molten iron and slag, and discharging the molten iron and slag to a foundry ladle; meanwhile, dedusting the smoke dust during the smelting, wherein the smoke is returned to a pre-reducing device and used as reducing gas; the smoke dust is used for manual granulation and recycled; the molten iron is cast and formed or directly used for steelmaking; and the slag is processed for other purposes. The method has the advantages of simple process and equipment, little occupation, low requirements on raw materials, wide applicable range, low sulphur load of produced molten iron compared with molten iron of a blast furnace and good product quality, while saving investment and resources without needing equipment for coking, sintering and the like or using coke as fuel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of melting and reducing iron, being specifically related to the electric energy is thermal source, is raw material with natural ore deposit or people's dressing, carbonaceous reducing agent, flux, decomposes, slag making, the smelting processes such as carburizing of the reduction of metal oxide, iron liquid finally obtain the method for molten iron.
Background technology
Blast furnace ironmaking is the iron smelting method of present comparative maturity, it is simple to have technology, output is big, the labour productivity height, characteristics such as energy consumption is low, weak point is that ore grade is had relatively high expectations, be subjected to the influence in short supply of high grade iron ore resources in recent years, especially China is the country of iron ore poorness, famine higher-grade high-quality iron ore resource, many large-scale iron and steel enterprises Ore Imported raw material of having to, thus bring ore price constantly to soar, the problem that production cost continues to increase is seriously disturbed the sound development of steel industry.Therefore, non-blast furnace, coke-free ironmaking technology and current task energy-saving, that environmental protection plough steelmaking process has become iron and steel enterprise are used in research.The method of melting and reducing iron is the important component part that present steel is produced, its principal feature is as the disposable energy and reductive agent with mill coal, ferric oxide is reduced into metallic iron under molten state, have advantages such as briquet replacing coke, flow process is short, environmental pollution is little, construction investment is few, production cost is low, by extensively good in the industry field.The iron and steel enterprise of various countries competitively researchs and develops.The method of existing melting and reducing iron mainly is the melting and reducing technology of representative with Corex, Finex, Hismelt, COREX realizes suitability for industrialized production at first, also be that technology is the most sophisticated, but still have its deficiency, low as productivity, coal consumption, oxygen consumption height, facility investment is big, flow process complexity etc. are compared with existing advanced blast furnace ironmaking, still lack competitiveness.In addition, the most grade of the iron ore that China exploits out is low, impurity is many, can not directly carry out blast-furnace smelting, goes into the low threshold of stove ore grade thereby form blast furnace ironmaking.Therefore, ore smelting how that these grades are lower, that impurity is more becomes molten iron, and reaches corresponding economic and technical norms, then is how iron and steel enterprise is based on market in one period from now on top priority.
Summary of the invention
In order to simplify iron-smelting process, enlarge iron ore and go into stove grade scope, to make full use of existing low-grade, the high impurity iron ore resources of China, meet the need of market, the invention provides a kind of method of electrometallurgy melting and reducing iron.
The present invention is to provide a kind of like this method of electrometallurgy melting and reducing iron, it is characterized in that it is thermal source with the electric energy, is raw material with natural ore deposit or people's dressing, carbonaceous reducing agent, flux, through the following step:
A, with reductive agent pulverize, after the screening, the granularity on the sieve is that the reductive agent of 3~25mm is sent in the prereduction device, the amount of sending into is into 15~25% of stove ore quality, undersized granularity is granulated less than the reductive agent of the 3mm worker that makes a gift to someone;
B, be: TFe 〉=40, P≤0.1, S≤0.20, As≤0.02, SiO with chemical ingredients (Wt%)
2≤ 8.00, CaO+MgO 2~10, H
2The ore of O≤10.00 is pulverized, screening, and the granularity on the sieve is that the ore of 10~80mm send in the pre-reducing furnace, undersized granularity is granulated less than the thin ore deposit of the 10mm worker that makes a gift to someone;
C, with flux pulverize, after the screening, the granularity on the sieve is that the flux of 10~80mm is sent in the pre-reducing furnace, the amount of sending into is by basicity of slag CaO+MgO/SiO
2=1.10~1.30, undersized granularity is granulated less than the flux of the 10mm worker that makes a gift to someone;
Material in D, the heating pre-reducing furnace that heats up, and feed reducing gas, carry out prereduction, Heating temperature is 700~900 ℃, the prereduction time is 4~6 hours, gets the prereduction material;
E, the prereduction material of D step is sent in the electric furnace, intensification is heated to 1400~1700 ℃, after making the furnace charge fusion, being reduced into molten iron and slag, be expelled in the hot metal ladle, after simultaneously the flue dust in the smelting process being carried out dedusting, flue gas returns the prereduction device and uses as reducing gas, the flue dust collecting worker's recycle of granulating of making a gift to someone;
After F, molten iron and slag entered hot metal ladle, slag was expelled in the cinder ladle from the hot metal ladle upper end and handles in addition, and molten iron send casting, or directly send steel-making.
The reductive agent of described A step is one or more in coke, coal, the carbonaceous biological reductant, and its chemical ingredients (Wt%) is: C>80, Af<3, Vf<16, H
2O<10.
The flux of described C step is one or more in lime, Wingdale, the silica, and wherein: the granularity of lime is 10~80mm.CaO 〉=90Wt%; Limestone granularity is 10~50m, CaCO
3〉=95Wt%; The silica granularity is 20~60mm, and chemical ingredients is: SiO
2>97Wt%, AI
2O
3<1Wt%, P
2O
5<0.02Wt%, unavoidable impurities<1Wt%.
Described pre-reducing furnace is an electrical heater, perhaps the heating rotary kiln.
Described artificial granulation is pressed briquetting or compacting balling-up according to a conventional method with conventional briquetting press or ball press.
Described electric furnace is the hot stove in conventional ore deposit, perhaps conventional electric arc furnace.
The present invention has following advantage and effect:
(1) technical process is short, the processing unit compact in design, and floor space is little, and is low, applied widely to ingredient requirements such as ore, reductive agent, flux, need not to be equipped with equipment such as coking, sintering, therefore, can greatly reduce investment, do not take limited land resources.
(2) owing to strong, can digest the low grade ore that blast furnace can't directly be smelted, can carry out 100% rawore and smelt, the cold conditions of coke, hot index are not had strict requirement, limited resources are fully used, reduce cost to greatest extent the adaptability of raw material.
(3) the present invention required heat that responds is not to be provided by fuel combustion, provides but be converted into heat energy by the electric energy of outside input, therefore suit at ore, electric power resource than horn of plenty, but promotes the use of in the area that blast-furnace smelting can't extend to.
(4) compare with blast furnace owing to reduced the usage quantity that coke acts as a fuel, therefore, the blast-melted sulphur of the hot metal ratio of production is loaded low, good product quality.
(5) slag fluidity is good; Slag MnO content is higher by 1.28% than blast furnace slag, and MnO is bigger to the flowability affects of slag, and this is the major cause of electric furnace slag good fluidity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the hot furnace structure synoptic diagram in ore deposit.
Among Fig. 2,1 is slag, the iron outlet of bottom of furnace body, and 2 is the hot furnace body in ore deposit, 3 is the intravital electrode of stove, and 4 is the charging opening at body of heater top, and 5 is the feed bin that is communicated with charging opening 4,6 is the smoke outlet at body of heater top, 7 is the fly-ash separator that is communicated with smoke outlet 6, and 8 is the clean exhanst gas outlet on the fly- ash separator 7, and 9 is the flue dust relief outlet, 10 are the sealing bell, 11 for being positioned at the hot metal ladle that body of heater slag, iron export 1 below, and it is cinder ladle that slag-drip opening 13,12 is established at its top.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described further.
A, with reductive agent---coke is pulverized, after the screening, and the granularity on the sieve is that the coke of 3~25mm is sent in the heating rotary kiln, and the amount of sending into is into 18% of kiln ore quality, and the chemical ingredients of coke (Wt%) is: C:86, Af:2.5, Vf:15, H
2O:9.8, undersized granularity is sent in the heating rotary kiln after suppressing balling-up less than the coke of 3mm routinely with conventional ball press again;
B, be: TFe:43, P:0.08, S:0.20, As:0.016, SiO with chemical ingredients (Wt%)
2: 8.00, CaO+MgO:8, H
2The ore of O:9.06 is pulverized, screening, and the granularity on the sieve is that the ore of 10~80mm send in the heating rotary kiln, undersized granularity is sent in the heating rotary kiln after suppressing balling-up less than the ore of 10mm routinely with conventional ball press again;
C, with flux---lime pulverizing, the screening after, the granularity on the sieve is that the lime of 10~80mm is sent in the heating rotary kiln, add-on is pressed basicity of slag CaO+MgO/SiO
2=1.10, the CaO content of lime is: 92Wt%, undersized granularity is less than the lime of 10mm, suppress balling-up routinely with conventional ball press after, send into again in the heating rotary kiln;
Material in D, the intensification heating rotary kiln, and feed reducing gas, ore is carried out prereduction, Heating temperature is 700 ℃, the prereduction time is 6 hours, gets the prereduction material;
E, the prereduction material of D step is sent in the hot stove in ore deposit, heating furnace charge to 1400 ℃ heats up, after making the furnace charge fusion, being reduced into molten iron and slag, be expelled in the hot metal ladle, after simultaneously the flue dust in the smelting process being carried out dedusting, flue gas returns in the heating rotary kiln of D step and uses as reducing gas, suppress balling-up routinely behind the flue dust collecting after, send into again in the heating rotary kiln;
After F, molten iron and slag entered hot metal ladle, slag was expelled in the cinder ladle from the slag-drip opening of hot metal ladle upper end, and shrend separately again gets cement raw material---grain slag, the molten iron casting.
A, with reductive agent---coal dust is broken, after the screening, granularity on the sieve is that the coal of 3~25mm is sent in the process furnace, the amount of sending into is 25% of an ore quality, after undersized granularity is suppressed balling-up routinely less than the coal of 3mm, send in the process furnace, the chemical ingredients of coal (Wt%) is: C:81, Af:1.78, Vf:13.5, H again
2O:7.96;
B, be: TFe:45, P:0.07, S:0.17, As:0.012, SiO with chemical ingredients (Wt%)
2: 6.55, CaO+MgO:3, H
2The ore of O:7.86 is pulverized, screening, and the granularity on the sieve is that the ore of 10~80mm send process furnace, undersized granularity is sent in the process furnace after suppressing balling-up routinely less than the thin ore deposit of 10mm again;
C, with flux---Wingdale and silica are pulverized, after the screening, and the granularity on the sieve is that Wingdale and the silica of 10~80mm sent in the process furnace, and the amount of sending into is by basicity of slag CaO+MgO/SiO
2=1.30, the CaCO3:97Wt% of Wingdale wherein, the chemical ingredients of silica is: SiO
2: 98Wt%, AI
2O
3: 0.78Wt%, P
2O
5: 0.016Wt%, unavoidable impurities: 0.88Wt%, undersized granularity is sent in the process furnace after suppressing balling-up routinely less than the thin flux of 10mm again;
Material in D, the heating process furnace that heats up, and feed reducing gas, ore is carried out prereduction, Heating temperature is 900 ℃, the prereduction time is 4 hours, gets the prereduction material;
E, the prereduction material of D step is sent in the hot stove in ore deposit, heating furnace charge to 1700 ℃ heats up, after making the furnace charge fusion, being reduced into molten iron and slag, be expelled in the hot metal ladle, after simultaneously the flue dust in the smelting process being carried out dedusting, flue gas returns in the process furnace and uses as reducing gas, behind the flue dust collecting, after suppressing balling-up routinely, send in the process furnace again;
After F, molten iron and slag entered hot metal ladle, slag was expelled in the cinder ladle from the slag-drip opening of hot metal ladle upper end, handled the molten iron casting in addition.
A, with reductive agent---coal and coke are pulverized, after the screening, granularity on the sieve is that coal and the coke of 3~25mm sent in the heating rotary kiln, the amount of sending into is 15% of an ore quality, after undersized granularity is suppressed balling-up routinely less than the coal of 3mm and coke powder, send in the heating rotary kiln, the chemical ingredients of coal (Wt%) is: C:81, Af:1.78, Vf:13.5, H again
2O:7.96, the chemical ingredients of coke is: C:85, Af:1.6, Vf:12, H
20:9.25;
B, be: TFe:52, P:0.09, S:0.16, As:0.015, SiO with chemical ingredients (Wt%)
2: 7.87, CaO+MgO:3.56, H
2The ore of O:7.56 is pulverized, screening, the granularity on the sieve be the ore of 10~80mm directly into rotary kiln, undersized granularity is sent in the heating rotary kiln after suppressing balling-up routinely less than the thin ore deposit of 10mm again;
C, with flux---lime, Wingdale and silica are pulverized, after the screening, and the granularity on the sieve is that the flux of 10~80mm is sent in the rotary kiln, and the amount of sending into is by basicity of slag CaO+MgO/SiO
2=1.20, wherein, the CaO:95Wt% of lime; The CaCO of Wingdale
3: 97Wt%, the chemical ingredients of silica is: SiO
2: 98Wt%, AI
2O
3: 0.78Wt%, P
2O
5: 0.016Wt%, unavoidable impurities: 0.88Wt%, undersized granularity is less than the thin flux of 10mm, suppress balling-up routinely after, send into again in the heating rotary kiln;
Material in D, the intensification heating rotary kiln, and feed reducing gas, ore is carried out prereduction, Heating temperature is 800 ℃, the prereduction time is 5 hours, gets the prereduction material;
E, the material of D step prereduction is sent in the hot stove in ore deposit, heating furnace charge to 1550 ℃ heats up, after making the furnace charge fusion, being reduced into molten iron and slag, be expelled in the hot metal ladle, after simultaneously the flue dust in the smelting process being carried out dedusting, flue gas returns in the heating rotary kiln and uses as reducing gas, behind the flue dust collecting, after suppressing balling-up routinely, send into again in the heating rotary kiln;
After F, molten iron and slag entered hot metal ladle, the slag-drip opening of slag from the hot metal ladle upper end is expelled in the cinder ladle to be handled in addition, and molten iron send steel-making.
Claims (3)
1. the method for an electrometallurgy melting and reducing iron is characterized in that it is thermal source with the electric energy, is raw material with natural ore deposit or people's dressing, carbonaceous reducing agent, flux, through the following step:
A, with reductive agent pulverize, after the screening, the granularity on the sieve is that the reductive agent of 3~25mm is sent in the prereduction device, the amount of sending into is into 15~25% of stove ore quality, undersized granularity is granulated less than the reductive agent of the 3mm worker that makes a gift to someone;
B, be: TFe 〉=40, P≤0.1, S≤0.20, As≤0.02, SiO with chemical ingredients (Wt%)
2≤ 8.00, CaO+MgO 2~10, H
2The ore of O≤10.00 is pulverized, screening, and the granularity on the sieve is that the ore of 10~80mm send in the pre-reducing furnace, undersized granularity is granulated less than the thin ore deposit of the 10mm worker that makes a gift to someone;
C, with flux pulverize, after the screening, the granularity on the sieve is that the flux of 10~80mm is sent in the pre-reducing furnace, the amount of sending into is by basicity of slag CaO+MgO/SiO
2=1.10~1.30, undersized granularity is granulated less than the flux of the 10mm worker that makes a gift to someone;
Material in D, the heating pre-reducing furnace that heats up, and feed reducing gas, carry out prereduction, Heating temperature is 700~900 ℃, the prereduction time is 4~6 hours, gets the prereduction material;
E, the prereduction material of D step is sent in the electric furnace, intensification is heated to 1400~1700 ℃, after making the furnace charge fusion, being reduced into molten iron and slag, be expelled in the hot metal ladle, after simultaneously the flue dust in the smelting process being carried out dedusting, flue gas returns the prereduction device and uses as reducing gas, the flue dust collecting worker's recycle of granulating of making a gift to someone;
After F, molten iron and slag entered hot metal ladle, slag was expelled in the cinder ladle from the hot metal ladle upper end and handles in addition, and molten iron send casting, or directly send steel-making.
2. the method for electrometallurgy melting and reducing iron as claimed in claim 1, the reductive agent that it is characterized in that described A step are one or more in coke, coal, the carbonaceous biological reductant, and its chemical ingredients (Wt%) is: C>80, Af<3, Vf<16, H
2O<10.
3. the method for electrometallurgy melting and reducing iron as claimed in claim 1, the flux that it is characterized in that described C step are one or more in lime, Wingdale, the silica, and wherein: the granularity of lime is 10~80mm.CaO 〉=90Wt%; Limestone granularity is 10~50m, CaCO
3〉=95Wt%; The silica granularity is 20~60mm, and chemical ingredients is: SiO
2>97Wt%, AI
2O
3<1Wt%, P
2O
5<0.02Wt%, unavoidable impurities<1Wt%.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103352096A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-10-16 | 西安电炉研究所有限公司 | Short-process iron-making technology and equipment thereof |
CN114959148A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-30 | 刘绍祥 | Electric furnace iron-making method |
WO2023204069A1 (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-10-26 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Method for melting direct-reduced iron, solid iron and method for producing solid iron, and civil engineering and construction material and method for producing civil engineering and construction material |
WO2023204063A1 (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-10-26 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Method for melting direct reduction iron, solid iron and method for manufacturing solid iron, material for civil engineering and construction, method for producing material for civil engineering and construction, and system for melting direct reduction iron |
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CN1962883A (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2007-05-16 | 李耀明 | Process for directly smelting and casting molten iron by using iron ore powder and cleaned coal |
CN101294229A (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2008-10-29 | 郑州永通特钢有限公司 | Non-blast furnace ironmaking method |
CN101580889A (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2009-11-18 | 武钢集团昆明钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for increasing direct reduced iron metallization rate by industrial wastes containing iron and carbon |
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JP2000129323A (en) * | 1998-10-21 | 2000-05-09 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Production of reduced iron and producing equipment |
CN1962883A (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2007-05-16 | 李耀明 | Process for directly smelting and casting molten iron by using iron ore powder and cleaned coal |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103352096A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-10-16 | 西安电炉研究所有限公司 | Short-process iron-making technology and equipment thereof |
WO2023204069A1 (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-10-26 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Method for melting direct-reduced iron, solid iron and method for producing solid iron, and civil engineering and construction material and method for producing civil engineering and construction material |
WO2023204063A1 (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-10-26 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Method for melting direct reduction iron, solid iron and method for manufacturing solid iron, material for civil engineering and construction, method for producing material for civil engineering and construction, and system for melting direct reduction iron |
CN114959148A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-30 | 刘绍祥 | Electric furnace iron-making method |
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