CN101963452A

CN101963452A - Continuous kiln

Info

Publication number: CN101963452A
Application number: CN2010102385246A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梅塞斯·艾利·菲利皮尼; 毛里齐奥·利扎诺; 皮耶·弗兰塞斯科·瓦卡里
Original assignee: Sacmi Imola SC
Current assignee: Sacmi Imola SC
Priority date: 2009-07-24
Filing date: 2010-07-23
Publication date: 2011-02-02
Anticipated expiration: 2030-07-23
Also published as: EP2278244B1; PT2278244E; BRPI1002776B1; CN101963452B; BRPI1002776A2; IT1395402B1; MX2010007999A; ITRE20090075A1; EP2278244A1; ES2424336T3; RU2538751C2; PL2278244T3; RU2010130943A

Abstract

A kind of continuous kiln that is used for product has: the pipeline (2 ') that has at least one sidewall (2); Conveyer (3) is used for carrying described product in described pipeline (2 '); With some roasting assemblies, these some roasting assemblies are one after the other arranged along described pipeline (2 '), and are had at least one burner (4; 400); Corresponding exhaust apparatus (5,6,8) is used to discharge described burner (4; 400) waste gas is arranged such that described waste gas and described product flow across along the direct of travel of described pipeline (2 '); The corresponding pressure sensor of in described pipeline (2 ') at least one (120); With corresponding oxidizer feedway (40), be connected to described pressure sensor (120) to regulate described burner (4 according to the pressure that detects by described pressure sensor (120); 400) oxidizer is supplied with.

Description

Continuous kiln

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of continuous kiln and a kind of product method of roasting.

Background technology

The kiln that comprises the square-section pipeline that the burner that is used to produce essential roasting heat is installed is known.

This kiln is used to for example roasting ceramic, such as ceramic tile, sanitary equipment, fragment of brick etc.

Term " ceramic " is intended to represent for example cast by the compressed ceramic powder or by mud the product that forms.But both are glazing or not glazing all.

In the inside of kiln, advance on the raceway conveyer along the horizontal center line of kiln such as products such as ceramic tiles.The product of other type is advanced on carriage that suitably moves along kiln or supporting plate.

Burner and draft regulator are set up temperature field (temperature pattern) along the longitudinal axis of kiln, and the gait of march of product is depended in this temperature field, and limit given product roasting pattern (firing pattern) conversely.

The temperature field increases along the product direct of travel from the inlet of kiln usually, and reaches maximum (above 900 ℃) along the part midway of pipeline.

For example GB-A-1075596 has described a kind of kiln that is used for ceramic product, comprises pipeline; Be used for product is supplied to conveyer belt in the pipeline; With the either side that is positioned at conveyer belt and limit the vertically-oriented burner of firing chamber.

The major defect of the continuous kiln of the type is to be difficult to regulate the temperature in each firing chamber, thereby has negative interaction for the operation of kiln.

Just, the temperature in each segmentation of kiln from the product inflow section forward, is subjected to the Temperature Influence of the gas that produces in downstream and/or the upstream zone inevitably.In the kiln of description type, thermal current is formed at pipe interior and along with it quickens gradually near the flue at entrance place, makes gas also migrate to adjacent chamber from the firing chamber of high pressure, therefore pollutes clean gas.

GB-A-2261059 has described a kind of continuous kiln that is used for product, comprises pipeline; Be used for product is supplied to conveyer belt in the pipeline; The section that limits kiln also is installed to the adjacent burner assembly of vertically vertical wall of pipeline simultaneously in the above and below of conveyer belt; With the hot air discharge opening, what also be formed on pipeline vertically vertically also faces burner in the wall.Burner and hot air discharge opening are arranged to form the mobile thermal current of direct of travel that mainly is parallel to product.For each section, kiln also comprises the top that is positioned at section and is equipped with and is used for regulating the pipeline of damper of the pressure of section by replacedly supplying with or discharge air.

Device described in the GB-A-2261059 clearly can't prevent the air-flow between each section of kiln.On the contrary, the layout of burner and damper even will promote the gas in the adjacent sections to mix.

JP-A-2009210194 has described a kind of continuous kiln that is used for product, comprises pipeline; Be used for product is supplied to conveyer belt in the pipeline.The firing chamber that this kiln is divided into a plurality of (more specifically being seven) separates, each firing chamber all are equipped with the exhaust port of burner and the gas that is used for being produced by burner; And the pressure in the pipeline has nothing in common with each other to another firing chamber from a firing chamber.

Such scheme can't guarantee that all the waste gas in each firing chamber keeps not multilated, so that there is not gas to move to another from a firing chamber, make thus its can not realize having between a firing chamber and another firing chamber can control easily, the temperature field of thermograde independently.

In addition, no less important, shortcoming comprises purifying exhaust air.

Known multiple pollutant is released under each sintering temperature, and must be removed from gas before it is discharged into atmosphere.

Although every kind of pollutant is created in the exact position or the section place of kiln according to the temperature in the section, all polluters are present in the gas when it reaches flue as a whole.This means all gas must be with not making any distinction between through specific washing procedure to remove every type pollutant, increased the size of washing facility and the operating cost of kiln thus significantly.

And air-flow results from each section of kiln during roasting, and is disposed in the flue.

Must prevent this condensation, product and this body structure of kiln all are harmful to acidic liquid in kiln because it can produce.

Air-flow mainly produces in the low temperature of kiln (that is, inlet) section, and in the centre portion of high temperature, the formation part that unique d/d water is product material, and with the at first less entrance zone, threshold zone of kiln in compare with littler amount and be released.

In order to prevent condensation, gas temperature must all keep higher up to the flue place, has increased the operating cost of kiln thus.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is a kind of kiln and a kind of method of roasting that are designed to eliminate at least in part above-mentioned shortcoming in order to provide.

According to the present invention, a kind of continuous kiln that is used for product is provided, comprising:

Pipeline with at least one sidewall;

Conveyer is used for carrying described product in described pipeline; With

Some roasting assemblies, these some roasting assemblies are one after the other arranged and each roasting assembly includes at least one burner along described pipeline;

Described continuous kiln is characterised in that: each roasting assembly comprises:

Corresponding exhaust apparatus is used to discharge the waste gas of described burner, is arranged such that from the described waste gas of described burner mobile across along the direct of travel of described pipeline with described product;

The corresponding pressure sensor of in described pipeline at least one; With

Corresponding oxidizer feedway is used for oxidizer is supplied to described burner; Described oxidizer feedway is connected to described pressure sensor and to regulate according to the pressure of described pressure sensor detection the oxidizer of described burner is supplied with.

According to the present invention, a kind of method of roasted product also is provided, described method comprises step:

Described product is delivered in the continuous kiln;

In pipeline, transmit described product with the described product of roasting; And

In case described product has been transferred by described pipeline, remove described product;

Described method is characterised in that: described continuous kiln is according to each described continuous kiln in the claim 1 to 10; And described method comprises the step of the pressure of regulating each roasting assembly, and in the process of this step, regulates according to the pressure of the described roasting assembly that is detected by corresponding pressure sensor the oxidizer of each burner of described roasting assembly is supplied with.

Description of drawings

With reference to respective drawings, below will two preferred non-limiting embodiments of the present invention be described by by way of example, wherein:

Fig. 1 illustrates the vertical vertical section of the cylinder type continuous kiln of first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 illustrates along the section of the II-II line among Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 illustrates along the horizontal profile of the III-III line among Fig. 1, and its pressure that shows in the kiln is regulated;

Fig. 4 illustrates the vertical vertical section of roll-type continuous kiln second embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 5 illustrates along the section of the V-V line among Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 illustrates along the horizontal profile of the VI-VI line among Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 illustrates the roasting chart that can realize by the present invention; The y axle represent temperature (℃), the x axle is represented the length of kiln;

Fig. 8 illustrates the section of the heat-accumulating burner among Fig. 4.

The specific embodiment

Numeral 1 among Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 represents to be used for the continuous kiln of product on the whole, comprises pipeline 2 ' and the conveyer 3 that is used for product is carried supply in pipeline 2 '.

Conveyer 3 comprises power-actuated roller-way 3.

Pipeline 2 ' comprises two relative, vertical substantially sidewalls 2.

Each sidewall 2 of pipeline 2 ' is equipped with two exhaust bodies or liquid fuel (for example, CH in the above and below of conveyer 3 ₄) burner 4, each burner 4 is positioned so that its combustion flame is oriented with the direct of travel of product along pipeline 2 ' intersects.In the embodiment shown, each burner 4 be positioned so that its flame by horizontal orientation.

Each burner 4 links to each other with the corresponding pneumatic plant 40 (Fig. 3) that is used for supply operation burner 4 necessary oxidizers (being in particular air), and links to each other with corresponding fuel feed pump 41.

Be positioned at burner 4 above the conveyer 3 on each sidewall 2 with respect to being positioned at the burner 4 below the conveyer 3 on the identical sidewall 2 and being staggered with respect to the burner on relative sidewall 24.And, at the either side of each burner 4 and on the level height identical with each burner 4, exhaust port 5 is formed for discharging the waste gas that is produced by burner 4.

Each burner 4 is positioned on the relative sidewall 2 with corresponding opening 5; And each opening 5 is directly in the face of corresponding burner 4, and it is mobile along the direct of travel of pipeline 2 ' that the feasible waste gas that is produced by corresponding burner 4 intersects at product.

So, pipeline 2 ' is divided into a plurality of roasting assemblies that communicate with each other, and each roasting assembly comprises a plurality of (being in particular three) burner 4 of the above and below of conveyer 3.The quantity of roasting assembly is two or more, depends on the performance that requires of kiln 1.

If each roasting assembly comprises three burners 4 (as shown in example), then two are positioned at conveyer 3 tops, and one is positioned at conveyer 3 belows, and vice versa.

The quantity of the burner 4 in each roasting assembly obviously is not three.

Burner 4 in each roasting assembly constitutes one group of (an array of) adjacent burner 4.

The separator 11 that described kiln 1 is included between the roof of pipeline 2 ' and the conveyer 3 and extends between the diapire of pipeline 2 ' and conveyer 3, and the size of separator 11 be designed to stay just in time sufficient space with allow conveyer 3 and on product pass through.

In the example shown, separator 11 is fixed, but can be advantageously movably so that path adapt with the product of advancing along pipeline 2 '.

Each opening 5 in identical roasting assembly all is communicated with the flue 6 that comprises blower fan 8.

Each flue 6 supplies to waste gas and is used for the wash mill (scrubbing means) that before gas is discharged into the outside polluter removed from gas from pipeline 2 '.

Each roasting assembly comprises at least one flue 6.

Flue 9 is positioned at the porch of pipeline 2 ' with the gas of discharging by kiln 1 generation, and comprises blower fan 10.

Separator 11 preferably is arranged to separate the roasting assembly.

At least one temperature sensor 12 and at least one pressure sensor 120 (Fig. 2) are positioned at each roasting assembly.Temperature sensor 12 is arranged in the zone of the pipeline 2 ' that is occupied by burner 4 or one group of adjacent burner 4.

Kiln 1 also comprises control module 13, this control module 13 is connected to pressure sensor 120 and reads signal by pressure sensor 120 supply pressures, and control oxidizer feedway (being in particular pneumatic plant 40) is supplied with the oxidizer of burner 4 to regulate according to the pressure that is detected by pressure sensor 120.

Control module 13 is connected to temperature sensor 12 and reads signal by temperature sensor 12 supplying temperatures, and control fuel supply system (being in particular pump 41) is supplied with the fuel of burner 4 to regulate according to the temperature that is detected by temperature sensor 12.

In actual use, pressure sensor 120 is determined the current pressure value P that the roasting assembly is interior _Current(perhaps continuously, perhaps alternately, with predetermined space).Current pressure value P _CurrentBe transferred to control module 13, control module 13 is with current pressure value P _CurrentWith the reference pressure value P that sets up in the stage that is provided with of kiln 1 _ReferenceCompare.In preferred the variation, reference pressure value P _ReferenceBe higher than atmospheric pressure a little.More specifically, the pressure in the pipeline 2 ' be maintained at 101331 with 101334Pa (P _Reference) between.

If current pressure value P _CurrentWith reference pressure value P _Reference(for example, 101332.5Pa) between absolute difference (for example surpass equally the feasible value TV that sets up in the stage that is provided with, 0.5Pa), then control module 13 transfers signals to current transformer (inverter), this current transformer is correspondingly controlled pneumatic plant 40, and is special in regulating the motor speed of corresponding blower fan.Thus, by according to current pressure value P _CurrentIncrease or reduce the oxidizer that directly supplies to each burner 4, the pressure in each roasting assembly can be independent of adjacent roasting assembly and controlled.

In other words, by regulating according to the pressure of each roasting assembly of being determined by corresponding pressure sensor 120 oxidizer of each burner is supplied with, basic pressure uniformly can be maintained in the pipeline 2 '.

Control module 13 is advantageously designed the current pressure value P that detects with according to the pressure sensor 120 by relevant roasting assembly _CurrentRegulate the oxidizer of each burner 4 is supplied with, thereby keep pressure along pipeline 2 ' at reference pressure value P _ReferenceEither side all in 9Pa (being in particular 6Pa) scope.In some embodiments, this scope is 3Pa.

More specifically, control module 13 is connected to each pressure sensor 120 and is designed to controls the oxidizer feedway according to the pressure that is detected by each pressure sensor 120, thereby along pipeline 2 ' pressure is maintained in the scope of 1Pa.

For all roasting assemblies, reference pressure value P _ReferenceIdentical.

Control module 13 is designed to according to being regulated independently by the pressure of corresponding pressure sensor 120 detections the oxidizer of each roasting assembly (more specifically, to each burner 4) be supplied with.

By regulating barometric gradient, with reference pressure value P _ReferenceThe essentially identical pressure that equates can be maintained at along in all roasting assemblies of pipeline 2 ', and cigarette and/or gas can be prevented from the roasting assembly from the roasting assembly transfer of high pressure to adjacent low pressure.

Test shows, when along the pressure of pipeline 2 ' substantially evenly (or in above-mentioned scope), and waste gas stream basic with product when the direct of travel of pipeline 2 ' intersects, flow or smog flows cold people and significantly reduces amazedly along the gas of pipeline 2 '.

Similarly, the temperature in the roasting assembly can be according to target roasting pattern and controlled, as among Fig. 7 by shown in the by way of example.

In actual use, temperature sensor 12 is determined the current temperature value T that the roasting assembly is interior _Current(perhaps continuously, perhaps alternately, with predetermined space).Current temperature value T _CurrentBe transferred to control module 13, control module 13 is with current temperature value T _CurrentWith the target temperature value T that sets up in the stage that is provided with of kiln 1 _TargetCompare.

If current temperature value T _CurrentWith target temperature value T _TargetBetween absolute difference surpass the feasible value TV ' (for example, 3 ℃, advantageously being 1 ℃) that sets up in the stage that is provided with equally, then control module 13 transfers signals to fuel supply system (pump 41).By according to current temperature value T _CurrentIncrease or reduce directly the fuel of each burner 4 is supplied with, the temperature in each roasting assembly can be independent of adjacent roasting assembly and controlled.

In other words, the fuel of each burner 4 is supplied with, can in each roasting assembly, be kept target temperature by regulating according to the temperature of each roasting assembly of determining by corresponding temperature sensor 12.

Control module 13 is advantageously designed the temperature that detects with the temperature sensor 12 according to relevant roasting assembly and regulates the fuel of each burner 4 is supplied with, thereby keeps temperature in the corresponding firing chamber at target temperature value T _TargetEither side all in 3 ℃ of (advantageously being 1 ℃) scopes.

Target temperature value T _TargetAccording to the roasting assembly and difference, and, in preferred the variation, increase to outlet from the inlet of roasting assembly.

More specifically, control module 13 is designed to according to being regulated independently by the temperature of corresponding temperature sensor 12 detections the fuel of each roasting assembly (more specifically, to each burner 4) be supplied with.

By reducing gas stream and/or the smog stream between each roasting assembly, the temperature in each roasting assembly can controlledly get extremely accurate, and relatively is not subjected to the influence of adjacent roasting assembly.

In interchangeable embodiment, have a control module 13 that is used for whole kiln 1, perhaps control module 13 comprises a plurality of separate or centralized control units (or microprocessor) of connecting.Some embodiments comprise the centralized control unit that is used for each roasting assembly.Other comprise two centralized control units that are used for each roasting assembly: one is used to control fuel supply system (pump 41), and another is used to control oxidizer feedway (pneumatic plant 40).Other embodiment comprises the centralized control unit that is used for each burner 4; Under this kind situation, centralized control unit is connected to the temperature sensor 12 and the pressure sensor 120 of relevant roasting assembly, and is designed to control the fuel supply system (pump 41) and the oxidizer feedway (pneumatic plant 40) of corresponding burner 4.

Because each roasting assembly does not have other openings except opening 5 and the oxidizer that is used for pneumatic plant 40 enter the mouth, so the pressure in the roasting assembly not by injecting or discharging extraneous air and regulate, injects or discharges extraneous air and will upset the waste gas stream that intersects with each burner 4.

Second kind of embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 replaces common free flame burner (free-flame burner) 4 to be different from first kind of embodiment by adopting so-called heat reclamation type or heat-accumulating burner (regenerative burner) 400.

As is known, heat-accumulating burner is widely used owing to increasing efficient and reducing fuel consumption.

As more clearly illustrating among Fig. 8, heat-accumulating burner 400 is the free flame burner, comprises the fuel gas feeding device 41 that has the passage with X-axis line.Burner 400 also comprises oxidizer feedway 40, and it comprises the tubulose coaxial with the X-axis line (annular) conduit; And exhaust emission device, it comprises the tubulose coaxial with the X-axis line (annular) conduit and has exhaust port 5.It should be noted that very that in the present embodiment each opening also is located so that from the waste gas of corresponding burner 400 and product mobile across along the direct of travel of pipeline 2 '.

Burner 400 is designed to suck and utilize burnt gas with the preheated-combustion-supporting thing.More specifically, waste gas stream meets with the oxidizer that flows in opposite direction, oxidizer with fuel mix before be preheated by the heat of drawing from waste gas stream.

In Fig. 4 to Fig. 6, the parts that use identical Reference numeral indication to describe about first embodiment.

In preferred embodiment, kiln 1 does not have the flue 9 of the entrance zone, threshold zone of close pipeline 2 ' with the gas of discharging kiln 1 generation.

Fig. 7 illustrates by the present invention has the roasting chart that can realize in the kiln 1 of seven chambers between inlet and outlet.

The left end indication inlet of roasting chart, the outlet of right-hand member indication pipeline 2 '.

Clearly, however under the situation that does not break away from the claims restricted portion, can make change to described the present invention.

Claims

1. continuous kiln that is used for product comprises:

Pipeline (2 ') with at least one sidewall (2);

Conveyer (3) is used for carrying described product in described pipeline (2 '); With

Some roasting assemblies, these some roasting assemblies are one after the other arranged and each roasting assembly includes at least one burner (4 along described pipeline (2 '); 400);

Corresponding exhaust apparatus (5,6,8) is used to discharge described burner (4; 400) waste gas is arranged such that from described burner (4; 400) described waste gas and described product flow across along the direct of travel of described pipeline (2 ');

The corresponding pressure sensor of in described pipeline (2 ') at least one (120); With

Corresponding oxidizer feedway (40) is used for oxidizer is supplied to described burner (4; 400); Described oxidizer feedway (40) is connected to described pressure sensor (120) and regulates described burner (4 with the pressure that detects according to described pressure sensor (120); 400) oxidizer is supplied with.

2. continuous kiln according to claim 1, wherein each roasting assembly comprises: corresponding temperature sensor is used for determining the temperature at described roasting assembly place; And fuel supply system (41), be used for fuel is supplied to described burner (4; 400), and this fuel supply device (41) be connected to described temperature sensor (12) to come fuel metering to supply with according to the temperature that detects by described temperature sensor (12).

3. continuous kiln according to claim 1, also comprise control module (13), this control module (13) is connected to each pressure sensor (120), and be designed to control oxidizer feedway (40) according to the pressure that detects by each pressure sensor (120), with keep pressure along described pipeline (2 ') in the scope of 3Pa.

4. continuous kiln according to claim 1, wherein the described exhaust apparatus of each roasting assembly (5,6,8) comprises at least one corresponding independent exhaustion flue (6).

5. continuous kiln according to claim 1, wherein said burner (400) are heat accumulating type or heat reclamation type burner.

6. continuous kiln according to claim 1, also comprise at least one separator (11), this at least one separator (11) between two adjacent roasting assemblies, and be designed to allow described product by and prevent that waste gas from flowing between described adjacent roasting assembly.

7. continuous kiln according to claim 1, wherein said burner (4; 400) be installed in the described sidewall (2) of described pipeline (2 '), the direct of travel that makes the combustion flame of described burner be oriented with described product intersects.

8. continuous kiln according to claim 1, wherein each roasting assembly comprises the some burners (4 on the opposite side that is positioned at described apparatus for conveying articles (3); 400).

9. continuous kiln according to claim 1, wherein the described exhaust apparatus of each roasting assembly (5,6,8) comprises corresponding exhaust scrubber.

10. continuous kiln according to claim 1, wherein said pipeline (2 ') has only inlet opening, exit opening and described exhaust apparatus (5,6,8) the required opening of required opening, described oxidizer and fuel supply system (40,41), and the last required opening of another exhaust uptake (9).

11. the method for a roasted product, described method comprises step:

Described product is delivered in the continuous kiln (1);

In pipeline (2 '), transmit described product with the described product of roasting; And

In case described product has been transferred by described pipeline (2 '), remove described product;

Described method is characterised in that: described continuous kiln (1) is according to each described continuous kiln in the claim 1 to 10; And described method comprises the step of the pressure of regulating each roasting assembly, and in the process of this step, regulates each burner (4 to described roasting assembly according to the pressure of the described roasting assembly that is detected by corresponding pressure sensor (120); 400) oxidizer is supplied with.

12. method according to claim 11, the step of the pressure of each roasting assembly of wherein said adjusting comprises substep:

Determine current pressure value (P in the described pipeline (2 ') at described roasting assembly place by described pressure sensor (120) _Current);

Calculate described current pressure value (P _Current) and reference pressure value (P _Reference) between poor; And

Be independent of other and cure assembly according to described current pressure value (P _Current) and described reference pressure value (P _Reference) between difference regulate each burner (4; 400) oxidizer is supplied with.

13. method according to claim 12, the step of wherein said adjusting pressure comprises: as described current pressure value (P _Current) and described reference pressure value (P _Reference) between absolute difference when surpassing given first feasible value (TV), regulate each burner (4; 400) oxidizer is supplied with.

14. method according to claim 11, the step of wherein said adjusting pressure is all independently carried out for each roasting assembly, with the pressure that keeps each the roasting assembly reference pressure value (P common with respect to all roasting assemblies _Reference) in the scope of 3Pa (more specific is 1Pa).

15. method according to claim 11, the step that also comprises the temperature of regulating each roasting assembly, and in the process of this step, regulate each burner (4 to described roasting assembly according to the temperature of the described roasting assembly that detects by corresponding temperature sensor (12); 400) fuel is supplied with.

16. method according to claim 15 also comprises further step for each roasting assembly:

In the initial setting stage, foundation will be maintained at the target temperature value (T in the described roasting assembly _Target), to realize given roasting pattern;

Determine described current temperature value (T by corresponding temperature sensor (12) _Current);

Calculate described current temperature value (T _Current) and described target temperature value (T _Target) between poor; And

According to described current temperature value (T _Current) and described target temperature value (T _Target) between difference regulate each burner (4; 400) fuel is supplied with.

17. method according to claim 11, wherein said product are ceramic product.