CN101963101A - 用于燃气轮机燃烧器的系统及方法 - Google Patents

用于燃气轮机燃烧器的系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN101963101A
CN101963101A CN201010244303XA CN201010244303A CN101963101A CN 101963101 A CN101963101 A CN 101963101A CN 201010244303X A CN201010244303X A CN 201010244303XA CN 201010244303 A CN201010244303 A CN 201010244303A CN 101963101 A CN101963101 A CN 101963101A
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air
operable
order
diffuser
gas turbine
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CN101963101B (zh
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J·D·贝里
G·D·迈尔斯
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
    • F02C9/50—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow
    • F02C9/52—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow by bleeding or by-passing the working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
    • F02C7/222—Fuel flow conduits, e.g. manifolds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
    • F02C9/50—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow
    • F02C9/54—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow by throttling the working fluid, by adjusting vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/005—Combined with pressure or heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/26—Controlling the air flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03044—Impingement cooled combustion chamber walls or subassemblies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于燃气轮机燃烧器的系统及方法。具体而言，一种燃气轮机系统包括操作成用以输出空气流(101)的压缩机(102)、操作成用以扩散空气流(101)的扩散器(106)、操作成用以在燃烧器(124)中接收燃料和排放燃料的燃料喷嘴(118)，以及操作成用以将放泄空气从燃烧器(124)下游引向燃料喷嘴(118)的至少一个放泄管道(120)。

Description

用于燃气轮机燃烧器的系统及方法
技术领域
本文所公开的主题涉及燃气轮机的燃烧器和扩散器。
背景技术
燃气轮机通常包括扩散器，扩散器在排放自压缩机的空气进入燃烧器中之前使空气减速，以便减少燃烧系统的压力损失和改善发动机效率。包括发动机尺寸、重量和成本的包装考虑因素通常会导致产生具有相对较短长度的最佳扩散器。一些扩散器通过在扩散器喉部附近从空气流放泄空气以向扩散器壁附近的空气流动供能而实现较短长度，并防止流动与壁的分离以及空气动力不稳定。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，一种燃气轮机系统包括：扩散器，其操作成用以扩散来自压缩机的空气流输出；燃料喷嘴，其操作成用以在燃烧器中接收燃料和排放燃料；以及至少一个放泄管道，其操作成用以将放泄空气从燃烧器的下游引向燃料喷嘴。
根据本发明的另一方面，一种用于传送放泄空气的方法包括从压缩机输出压缩空气的空气流，在燃烧器下游从空气流中吸取放泄空气，以及引导放泄空气穿过管道而通向燃料喷嘴。
通过结合附图的如下描述，这些及其它优点和特征将变得更为明显。
附图说明
在权利要求中具体地指出且明确地主张了认作是本发明的主题。通过结合附图的如下详细描述，本发明的前述及其它特征和优点将变得明显，在附图中：
图1为燃气涡轮发动机的一部分的局部剖面侧视图。
图2为沿图1中的线A-A的燃气涡轮发动机的局部剖面正视图。
本详细说明通过举例的方式，参照附图阐述了本发明的实施例以及优点和特征。
零件清单
100燃气涡轮发动机
101箭头
102压缩机部分
104外壳
106扩散器部分
108过渡件
110冲击套筒
112座架部分(mount portion)
114支架部分
116头端容积
118燃料喷嘴
120放泄空气管道
122涡流腔
124燃烧室
126第二涡流腔
具体实施方式
图1示出了燃气涡轮发动机100的一部分的局部剖面侧视图。燃气涡轮发动机100包括压缩机部分102、外壳104、扩散器部分106、过渡件108、冲击套筒110、连接到外壳104上的座架部分112、连接到座架部分112上的支架部分114、由过渡件108部分地限定的头端容积116、与头端容积116连通的多个燃料喷嘴118，以及放泄空气管道120。
在操作中，压缩机部分102压缩由箭头101示出的空气流通路中的空气。空气流通路流入扩散器部分106中。扩散器部分通过增大空气流通路的截面面积来减小压缩空气的速度。一部分压缩空气接触冲击套筒110，且沿过渡件108的外表面流动。空气沿过渡件108外表面的流动会冷却过渡件108，并进入头端容积116中。
放泄空气管道120经由涡流腔122吸取来自于空气流通路的放泄空气。放泄空气通过改善扩散器的压力恢复系数而提高扩散器部分106的有效性。冲击套筒110在空气流通路中的布置引起较低的驱动压力，该驱动压力改善将放泄空气输送到放泄空气管道120中。放泄空气传送至头端容积116中。
放泄空气和过渡件108冷却空气在头端容积116中混合，并进入燃料喷嘴118。空气与燃料相混合，并从燃料喷嘴118排放到燃料空气混合物在其中点燃的燃烧室124中。该布置提供了用于边界层控制和效率的放泄抽取，扩散器的低压力损失操作，以及将放泄空气传送到第一涡轮转子级上游的燃料喷嘴。该布置和顺序容许空气用于与燃料预混、降低氮氧化物的排放，以及还避免了喷射放泄空气到第一涡轮转子下游，从而相对于下游空气返回布置提高了输出和效率。
将放泄空气传送到燃料喷嘴提高了发动机的效率，并且降低了不合需要的排放，这是因为从空气流中除去的空气用于燃烧燃料。此前的系统和方法从压缩机向下游传送放泄空气，这可能会降低输出性能和效率，以及提高排气污染水平。
所示的实施例示出了传送穿过外壳104、座架112和支架114的放泄空气管道120。利用外壳104、座架112和支架114来限定放泄空气管道120减小了燃气轮机100中的包装面积(packing area)。备选实施例可包括第二涡流腔126，该第二涡轮腔126操作成用以吸取附加的放泄空气，且将放泄空气传送至放泄空气管道120。其它备选实施例可包括将放泄空气吸取到放泄空气管道120中的任意数目的涡流腔。
图2示出了沿线A-A(图1)的燃气涡轮发动机的局部剖面正视图。图2示出了部分地由具有Y形的支架114所限定的放泄空气管道120。支架114支承过渡件108。其它实施例可包括与Y形管道相对的具有单个放泄空气管道120通路的支架。
尽管本发明仅结合了有限数量的实施例进行了详细描述，但应当容易理解，本发明并不限于这些公开的实施例。确切而言，本发明可进行修改，以结合任意数目的此前并未描述但与本发明的精神和范围相匹配的变型、备选方案、替换方案或等效布置。此外，尽管已经描述了本发明的各种实施例，但应当理解的是，本发明的方面可仅包括所述实施例中的一些。因此，本发明不应看作是由以上说明限制，而是仅由所附权利要求的范围限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种燃气轮机系统，包括：
操作成用以输出空气流(101)的压缩机(102)；
操作成用以扩散所述空气流(101)的扩散器(106)；
操作成用以在燃烧器(124)中接收燃料和排放所述燃料的燃料喷嘴(118)；以及
操作成用以将放泄空气从所述燃烧器(124)下游引向所述燃料喷嘴(118)的至少一个放泄管道(120)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述放泄管道包括操作成用以从所述至少一个空气流(101)吸取压缩空气的第一涡流腔(122)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括限定所述第一涡流腔(122)的外壳(104)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一涡流腔(122)定位在所述扩散器(106)中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述放泄管道(120)包括操作成用以从所述至少一个空气流吸取压缩空气的第二涡流腔(126)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括部分地限定所述至少一个放泄管道(120)的外壳(104)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述燃料喷嘴(118)部分地设置在腔(116)中，所述腔(116)操作成用以收容所述放泄空气和将放泄空气传送至所述燃料喷嘴(118)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括操作成用以在所述空气流(101)上引起驱动压力的冲击套筒(110)。
9.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一涡流腔(122)定位在所述扩散器(106)的上游。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个放泄管道(120)由操作成用以支承所述燃烧器(124)的支架(114)部分地限定。
CN201010244303.XA 2009-07-24 2010-07-23 用于燃气轮机燃烧器的系统及方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101963101B (zh)

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CH701540A2 (de) 2011-01-31
US20130255273A1 (en) 2013-10-03
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US20110016878A1 (en) 2011-01-27

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