CN101959473A - Exposure apparatus - Google Patents
Exposure apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101959473A CN101959473A CN2009801068827A CN200980106882A CN101959473A CN 101959473 A CN101959473 A CN 101959473A CN 2009801068827 A CN2009801068827 A CN 2009801068827A CN 200980106882 A CN200980106882 A CN 200980106882A CN 101959473 A CN101959473 A CN 101959473A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- exposure
- inlet
- outlet
- gaseous material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229920002449 FKM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012472 biological sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000824 inhalation exposure Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000006680 metabolic alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000043 nose-only exposure Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229950000845 politef Drugs 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
- A61D7/00—Devices or methods for introducing solid, liquid, or gaseous remedies or other materials into or onto the bodies of animals
- A61D7/04—Devices for anaesthetising animals by gases or vapours; Inhaling devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
- A01K1/03—Housing for domestic or laboratory animals
- A01K1/031—Cages for laboratory animals; Cages for measuring metabolism of animals
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
There is provided apparatus for exposing the nose of at least one animal to flow of gaseous material. The apparatus comprises an inner manifold and an outer manifold. The inner manifold has an inlet for gaseous material. The outer manifold surrounds the inner manifold and has an outlet for gaseous material. The apparatus also comprises at least one exposure site comprising an opening in the inner manifold and an opening in the outer manifold and an exposure tube suitable for housing an animal, located at one or more of the exposure sites. The exposure tube passes through the opening in the outer manifold and the opening in the inner manifold, extends at least partially into the inner manifold and is supported by the outer manifold and the inner manifold. The exposure tube comprises an exposure inlet in a portion of the exposure tube in the inner manifold and an exposure outlet in a portion of the exposure tube in the outer manifold. Gaseous material flows into the inner manifold via the inlet, flows into each exposure tube via the exposure inlet, flows out of each exposure tube via the exposure outlet and flows out of the outer manifold via the outlet. The flow between the exposure inlet and the exposure outlet has a component in the opposite direction to the flow in the inner manifold.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device that is used for the nose of at least one animal is exposed to gaseous material stream.Especially, but non-exclusively, the present invention relates to a kind of device that is used for the nose of at least one animal is exposed to gaseous material stream, wherein when exposing, can carry out biological sampling and measurement.
Background technology
In whole description, term " gaseous material " is meant gas, steam, aerosol (aerosol) and their mixture.Aerosol comprises the little solid particle that is dispersed in the gas.An example of aerosol is a cigarette, and wherein solid-state smoke particle is dispersed in the air.Therefore term " gaseous material stream " is meant the air-flow of gas or steam or aerosol or their mixture.
In whole description, term " the nose formula sucks and exposes (nose-only inhalation exposure) " is meant the independent exposure of inhuman animal, and the gaseous material that wherein is inhaled into is usually by the nose guiding towards animal.This is the known terms of this area.Be not exposed to the breath of other animal, and if any, be the breath that is exposed to animal itself very limitedly yet.By the exposure of nose formula or other method animal being exposed to gaseous material assesses of great use for the toxicology of the gaseous material that is inhaled into.
US4,721,060 have described a kind of nose formula exposure system.In this system, rodent closely is limited in the bottle (promptly exposing pipe), and the inner end of bottle extends in the joint that is connected to pipe, the sealing of the outer end of bottle.This pipe comprises interior zone, perimeter.Aerosol or gas from the interior zone of pipe flow into each bottle via pipeline.Aerosol that overflows or gas flow out the perimeter of each bottle and inflow pipe with rodentine breath.
Journal of Applied Toxicology, Vol.14 (1), 55-62 (1994), J Pauluhn " Validation of an Improved Nose-Only Exposure System for Rodents " has described another nose formula exposure system.This exposure system uses " flowing-process (flow-past) " design, and this design minimizes the test compounds amount of consumption, also minimizes the suction to the test air of discharging simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Need a kind of improved firm design exposure system that has.Also need a kind of improved exposure system with improved gaseous material stream.
According to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of device that is used for the nose of at least one animal is exposed to gaseous material stream, described device comprises: the interior pipe with the inlet that is used for gaseous material; Surround the outer tube of described interior pipe, described outer tube has the outlet that is used for gaseous material; With at least one exposure position, described exposure position comprises opening that is arranged in described pipe and the opening that is arranged in described outer tube, each exposure position all is arranged to receive the exposure pipe that is suitable for holding animal accordingly, wherein said exposure pipe pass in the described outer tube opening and described in opening in the pipe, extend at least in part in the described interior pipe, and by outer tube and the support of interior pipe, make the exposure inlet in the described exposure pipe be arranged in described pipe, and the exposure of described exposure pipe outlet is arranged in described outer tube, wherein in use, gaseous material flow in the described interior pipe via inlet, flowing into each via described exposure inlet exposes in the pipe, flow out each via described exposure outlet and expose pipe, and flow out described outer tube via outlet.Air-flow between described exposure inlet and the described exposure outlet have with described in the reverse component of air-flow in the pipe.
The structure of each exposure position all is very firm, wherein in each exposure position, expose accordingly pipe pass outer tube and extend at least in part described in the pipe.It is supported two positions to expose pipe: at interior pipe place and outer tube place.When animal is accommodated in the exposure pipe, do not need to carry out extra support to exposing pipe.
Expose inlet and expose air-flow between the outlet can additionally have with outer tube in the reverse component of air-flow.In one embodiment, flow to air-flow that exposes outlet and the longitudinal axis that exposes pipe at angle from exposing inlet.
Preferably, interior pipe comprises the overflow outlet of the gaseous material that is used to overflow.This is favourable, because device can be used for large-scale gaseous material flow velocity.When gaseous material was enough, the overflow outlet can be used to reduce the required average time that gaseous material flows through described interior pipe.Preferably, the size of overflow outlet is variable.This can realize by using removable barrier film, in this case, can set pressure drop from interior pipe to outer tube by selecting suitable barrier film.The target pressure drop is limited by the target flow of determining that each exposes in the pipe.
Preferably, the volume of pipe in minimizing flows through the interior required time of pipe to minimize gaseous material.This preferably is applicable to large-scale gaseous material flow velocity.
Therefore, minimized interior tube body is long-pending allows device can be used for large-scale gaseous material flow velocity with the overflow outlet.
Preferably, this device comprise one or more can separate modules, the part of pipe, a part and at least one exposure position of outer tube in each module all comprises.Modular arrangement is favourable, because be exposed to the quantity of the animal in the gaseous material according to needs in the fc-specific test FC, can utilize the exposure position of suitable quantity to come construction device.Each module can comprise the exposure position of any right quantity, for example 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 or more a plurality of exposure position.More preferably, each module can comprise 8,16,24 or 32 exposure position.Device can comprise 1,2,3 or more a plurality of module.In a preferred embodiment, each module comprises 32 exposure position, and device comprises 3 modules.
Preferably, interior pipe and outer tube are by the anodised aluminium manufacturing.This is favourable, because anodised aluminium does not react with the overwhelming majority's gaseous material.In addition, anodised aluminium is easy to cleaning.
According to a second aspect of the invention, a kind of exposure pipe is provided, it is suitable for being connected to the exposure position according to the device of first aspect present invention, and this exposure pipe is suitable for holding animal, and has exposure inlet that can be connected to interior pipe and the exposure outlet that can be connected to outer tube.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, provide a kind of and be used to hold animal the nose exposure of animal is given the exposure pipe of gaseous material stream.This exposure pipe comprises: the leading section that is used for the animal head; Rearward end with the health except that head that is used for animal, described leading section has the inlet of gaseous material and is used for the outlet of gaseous material, more near rearward end, when exposure was managed in use and held animal, described inlet was positioned at described outlet below than inlet in described outlet.
Because outlet ratio inlet is more near rearward end, so gaseous material circulation Chang Chaoxiang animal head.But, therefore there is not draught (draft) at animal nose place because gaseous material is not direct axis along the longitudinal.
In one embodiment, entrance and exit is located such that gaseous material stream that exports from entering the mouth to and the longitudinal axis that exposes pipe are at angle.
Preferably, inlet is positioned to the bottom towards the leading section that exposes pipe.Preferably, inlet is the opening less than the cross-sectional area of the leading section that exposes pipe.
Preferably, outlet is positioned to the top towards the leading section that exposes pipe.Preferably, outlet is more much smaller than inlet.This is because when gaseous material flows through one or more exposure pipe, is to export to have produced the most of pressure drop of gaseous material from interior pipe to outer tube.This pressure drop is to flowing through a kind of indirect measurement of the flow that exposes pipe.
If use the exposure pipe more than will be exposed to same gaseous material stream more than one animal, then the size of the outlet of each exposure pipe should be identical.
In a preferred embodiment, exposing pipe is made by glass.It is favourable using glass, because it is transmitted to the body heat of animal in the external environment effectively.In addition, glass also is easy to cleaning and is inert.Another advantage is can observe it when animal is arranged in the exposure pipe.
Preferably, exposing pipe is arranged to receive animal from rearward end.This exposure pipe can also comprise when animal is contained in and is used to seal the sealing member of the rearward end that exposes pipe when exposing pipe.
A preferred embodiment that also is used for the collection of biological sample in exposure, the rearward end that exposes pipe comprises urine collection tube, is used to collect the urine of animal.Because when animal is discharged, almost can carry out urine collecting immediately in urine.This is favourable, because collect urine specimen when can be exposed to gaseous material at the nose of animal.Urine specimen can be used for analyzing.
The preferred embodiment that also is used for the collection of biological measured value when another is exposing, leading section and rearward end are separated by the gas-tight ring that is used for animal.This is favourable, because when animal was contained in the exposure pipe, head of animal and the health of animal were isolated.This is useful for whole body, the exposed plethysmography mensuration of head.
According to a forth aspect of the invention, provide a kind of and be particularly suitable for at least one according to the device that the exposure pipe of third aspect present invention uses, this device comprises: the interior pipe with the inlet that is used for gaseous material; Around the outer tube of interior pipe, this outer tube has the outlet that is used for gaseous material; With at least one exposure position, this exposure position comprises opening that is arranged in pipe and the opening that is arranged in outer tube, each exposure position can both be connected in the following manner according to third aspect present invention at least one expose pipe: described exposure pipe pass the opening in the outer tube and pass in opening in the pipe to extend into interior pipe at least in part, make the inlet that is used for gaseous material in the leading section that exposes pipe be positioned at pipe, and the outlet that is used for gaseous material in the leading section of exposure pipe is positioned at outer tube.
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, provide a kind of system that is used for the nose of at least one animal is exposed to gaseous material stream, this system comprises according to the device of first aspect present invention and at least one exposure pipe according to third aspect present invention.
According to a sixth aspect of the invention, provide a kind of system that is used for the nose of at least one animal is exposed to gaseous material stream, this system comprises: the interior pipe with the inlet that is used for gaseous material; Around the outer tube of interior pipe, this outer tube has the outlet that is used for gaseous material; At least one exposure position, each exposure position all comprise opening that is arranged in pipe and the opening that is arranged in outer tube; With the exposure pipe that is positioned at one or more exposure position place, it is used to hold animal, this exposure pipe passes opening in the outer tube and the opening in the interior pipe, extend at least in part in the interior pipe, and by interior pipe and outer tube support, this exposure pipe comprises the exposure inlet and exposes outlet, this exposure inlet is arranged on a part that is arranged in pipe that exposes pipe, this exposure outlet is arranged on a part that is arranged in outer tube that exposes pipe, wherein, in use, in the pipe, flow in each exposure pipe in gaseous material flow into via inlet, flow out each exposure via the exposure outlet and manage via exposing to enter the mouth, and flow out outer tube via outlet, expose inlet and expose air-flow between the outlet have with interior pipe in the reverse component of air-flow.
The structure of system is firm, and wherein each exposure pipe passes outer tube and extends at least in part in the interior pipe.It is supported two positions to expose pipe: at interior pipe place and outer tube place.In the time of in animal is contained in the exposure pipe, do not need to carry out extra support to exposing pipe.
Expose inlet and expose air-flow between the outlet can additionally have with outer tube in the reverse component of air-flow.In one embodiment, flow to air-flow that exposes outlet and the longitudinal axis that exposes pipe at angle from exposing inlet.
Preferably, any do not have expose pipe exposure position in outer tube opening and the opening part in the interior pipe seal.Preferably, two openings use single plug seal.
Preferably, the exposure inlet is the opening less than that part of cross-sectional area that is arranged in pipe that exposes pipe.Preferably, in use, inlet is arranged in the bottom that is positioned at pipe that exposes pipe.
Preferably, in use, the pressure in the interior pipe is higher than the pressure in the outer tube.This is favourable because gaseous material expose inlet and expose the flow direction between the outlet and flow is managed in can utilizing and outer tube between pressure reduction easily control.
Preferably, the volume of pipe in minimizing flows through the interior required time of pipe to minimize gaseous material.This is favourable, because device can be used for large-scale gaseous material flow velocity, minimizes gaseous material simultaneously and arrives the terminal required time of system.
Inhuman one or more animal can be one or more laboratory animals.Preferably, each animal all is a mammal.More preferably, each animal all is a rodent, and perhaps other has the mammal of similar size.In one embodiment, animal is a mouse.
The feature of describing at one aspect of the invention also is applicable to others of the present invention.
Description of drawings
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed in illustrative mode, wherein,
Fig. 1 shows the vertical section figure of the exposure system after the assembling according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 shows the horizontal sectional view of exposure system shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 a shows the vertical section figure of exposure pipe according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 b shows the sealing member of the exposure pipe that is used for shown in Fig. 3 a;
Fig. 4 shows the exposure pipe that uses with the exposure system shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 shows the detailed view of the aerofluxus module among Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 shows the insert that is used for differential pressure measurement;
Fig. 7 shows the exposure pipe of first modification; With
Fig. 8 shows the exposure pipe of second modification.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the exemplary embodiment of the available whole exposure system in assembling back.In the present embodiment, system 100 comprises nose formula exposing device 101, exposes pipe 103, suspension 105, fender bracket 107 and aerofluxus module 109.For exposing pipe 103, will be described in detail in conjunction with Fig. 3 a, 3b and Fig. 4.For the aerofluxus module, will be described in detail in conjunction with Fig. 5.System after the assembling is used for providing gaseous material by the exposure of nose formula to one or more animals.
Fig. 2 shows the horizontal sectional view of exposure system shown in Figure 1.The outer tube of interior pipe, outer separate space 113 forms of separate space 111 forms, inlet 115 in exposing device 101 comprises, lead in separate space 111 overflow outlet 117 and lead to the outer vent 119 of outer separate space 113.This exposing device comprises a plurality of exposure position 121.Each exposure position comprises opening that is arranged in outer separate space and the opening that is arranged in separate space.In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, expose pipe 103 and be connected to each exposure position 121.
In use, provide fresh gaseous material by the 115 inside separate spaces 111 that enter the mouth.Interior separate space 111 is communicated with the inlet that each exposes pipe at each exposure position 121 place, as will being described in detail in conjunction with Fig. 4.Any gaseous material that overflows all flows out interior separate space 111 by overflow outlet 117.Can seal overflow outlet 117.Under the situation that does not change the flow that exposes pipe by each, the overflow outlet is used for the flow of control by interior separate space (promptly between inlet 115 and overflow outlet 117).The increase of the flow by interior separate space has reduced the average time (that is, to expose pipe provide the average time of gaseous material) of gaseous material by interior separate space.As will be in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 5 being described like that, the overflow outlet can be by inserting the barrier film generation.
The outlet that each that is positioned at each exposure position 121 place exposes pipe is communicated with outer separate space 113, as the general in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 4 be described.Outer separate space 113 is used for collecting the gas of animal exhalation together with exposing any overflow of pipe from each by outer vent 119.
Cylindrical element 123 is installed in interior separate space, wherein twists and meet (screw) Tapered Cup 125 is arranged in cylindrical element 123 upper ends.The volume of separate space in cylindrical element 123 is used for reducing significantly.The volume that reduces of interior separate space can reduce the time of gaseous material by interior separate space.This is because for the large-scale flow velocity of gaseous material, gaseous material must flow through interior separate space apace, can reduce like this that gaseous material arrives even the time of minimum exposure pipe.Cylindrical element 123 also exposes the retainer of pipe as each.In the present embodiment, each exposure pipe 103 is pushed in the exposure position 121, till the exposure pipe touches cylindrical element 123.
What Tapered Cup 125 was used to limit gaseous material enters flow pattern (flow pattern), so that gaseous material uniform distribution in interior separate space.
Exposing device in the present embodiment is modular.Exemplary layout comprises two modules among Fig. 1.In the present embodiment, each module comprises 32 exposure position (4 layers, every layer of 8 exposure position).Exposing device can be made of 1 module (32 exposure position), 2 modules (64 exposure position) or 3 modules (96 exposure position).Module is twisted by the joint among Fig. 1 for example 127 and is connected together.
In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, exposure pipe 103 is depicted as and is positioned at each exposure position 121 place.In fact, do not need to use all exposure position.Suitable plug seal can be used in any no position.Preferably, use single stopper, simultaneously by opening in the outer tube and the opening in the interior pipe.Perhaps, internally pipe and outer tube use stopper separately respectively.In a word, the necessary pressure differential that keeps between two pipes.Therefore, the exposure system that assembles can be used for 1 to 96 animal.
Preferably, device can only use inert material.In this exemplary embodiment, apparatus main body is by the anodised aluminium manufacturing.In this exemplary embodiment, screw bolt and nut is by the rustless steel manufacturing.In this exemplary embodiment, the encapsulant that uses is that 75FPM (is also referred to as 75FKM585, from Simrit, the company of the Carl Freudenberg Group of Weinheim, Germany), politef (PTFE, polytetrafluroethylene) and Viton
(a kind of elastomeric trade mark is the fluoropolymer lactoprene of DuPont Performance Elastomers LLC).But, also can use any suitable material.
Fig. 3 a shows the vertical section figure according to the exposure pipe 103 of one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Each exposes pipe 103 and comprises leading section 301 and rearward end 303.Expose pipe and comprise outer cylindrical wall 305, inner cylindrical wall 307 and rake 309.Outer cylindrical wall 305 limits the size of rearward end 303.Inner cylindrical wall 307 limits the size of leading section 301.Leading section 301 comprises tube inlet 311 and pipe outlet 313.In the accompanying drawings, exposure pipe 103 is depicted as and has circular cross-section.But, expose pipe and also can have any suitable cross-sectional shape.
Fig. 3 b shows the sealing member 315 of the rearward end 303 that is used for seal exposed pipe 103.Sealing member 315 comprises stopper 317 and plunger 319.Plunger 319 is by stopper 317 sealings that have O RunddichtringO (not shown).In use, the interior side contacts of the outer wall of stopper 317 and outer cylindrical wall 305, thereby the rearward end 303 of seal exposed pipe.In use, plunger 319 is positioned at animal and exposes suitable position in the pipe 103.
Fig. 3 a only shows an example that exposes pipe 103.Although it is all close probably in all embodiments to expose the structure of pipe, the size that exposes the pipe each several part may change.Particularly, but be not exclusively, following size can change: the diameter of the pipe that is formed by outer cylindrical wall 305; The length of outer cylindrical wall 305; The length of rake 309; The inclination angle of rake 309; The length of interior column part 311; The diameter of the pipe that forms by inner cylindrical wall 307; The size of tube inlet 311; The position of tube inlet 311; The size of pipe outlet 313; Position with pipe outlet 313.In fact, the exposure pipe shown in Fig. 4 is different from the exposure pipe shown in Fig. 3 a.The size of employed exposure pipe depends on size and the body weight of animal.Use the sealing member 315 of suitable dimension for concrete exposure pipe.
In a preferred embodiment, exposing pipe makes with glass.Exposing pipe 103 is not to make with glass.But it is favourable using glass, and this is because glass can be effectively the body heat of animal is delivered in the external environment.Glass also is easy to cleaning.And glass is inert.Another advantage of glass is when animal is arranged in pipe, can observe animal, for example during experimental work.
Fig. 4 shows the glass exposure pipe 103 that uses according to an embodiment of the invention in exposure system.System layout one-tenth only provides gaseous material to the nose of animal.In use, the leading section 301 that exposes pipe inserts exposure position 121 places that are arranged in exposing device 101.The exposure pipe passes outer separate space and extends in the interior separate space.The inlet 311 that exposes pipe is communicated with interior separate space 111.The outlet 313 that exposes pipe is communicated with outer separate space 113.Animal is accommodated in and exposes in the pipe 103, and by using plunger 319 (not shown among Fig. 4) that animal is suitably located.In the present embodiment, the animal that illustrates is a rodent.But, can use other suitable any animal.
As shown in Figure 4, in the present embodiment, by tube inlet 311 and pipe outlet 313, the rodent only gaseous material that is exposed between interior separate space 111 and outer separate space 113 of nose is flowed.Air-flow between tube inlet 311 and the pipe outlet 313 is controlled by the pressure differential between interior separate space 111 and the outer separate space 113.In case interior separate space 111 and outside have positive differential pressure between the separate space 113, then between tube inlet 311 and pipe outlet 313, produce air-flow.Air-flow is shown in the arrow among Fig. 4.Therefore, fresh gaseous material enters into the exposure pipe from system entry 115 through interior separate space 111 and by tube inlet 311.Any excessive gaseous material all exports 117 discharge systems by overflow.The gas that animal is breathed out goes out from exposing pipe flow via pipe outlet 313 with any gaseous material that overflows from the exposure pipe, and flows to outer vent 119 by outer separate space 113.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, tube inlet 311 is positioned at the front lower place of animal.In use, pipe outlet 313 is positioned closer to animal, but is on the height different with tube inlet.Therefore, gaseous material stream and misalignment animal.That is, air-flow is not along the longitudinal axis that exposes pipe.On the contrary, air-flow is cornerwise.
Have a plurality of advantages in conjunction with the system of Fig. 1,2,3a, 3b and Fig. 4 description and the embodiment of exposure pipe.The first, expose the firm design of pipe and mode that they are received in exposure position and mean, expose in the pipe and pipe when being inserted into exposure position in the system when animal is contained in.Do not need extra support.Managing at isolated in a longitudinal direction 2 locates supported: with the point that contacts of interior separate space with the point that contacts of outer separate space.Also can support (for example by the center circle cylindrical shell 123 among Fig. 1) to exposing pipe at leading section.It should be noted that because system can use being higher than under the pressure of ambient pressure, therefore importantly in the pipe contact seal point of separate space and outer separate space be closely, feasiblely can not leak gaseous material.The second, the location of tube inlet and pipe outlet has avoided air-flow directly to flow along the longitudinal axis that exposes pipe.This has been avoided at the draught at animal nose place (draft).The 3rd, system can be used for large-scale gaseous material stream.This is because the little volume of separate space and optionally overflow outlet in the system.The 4th, system is modular, can be used to expose any a plurality of animals between 1 to 96 like this.At last, system is easy to dismounting and re-assemblies.This easy replacing for cleaning and exposure pipe is favourable.
Fig. 1 shows suspension 105.Whole device 101 can be suspended on the ceiling by suspension 105.Suspension 105 can rotate, like this can be at an easy rate near the arbitrary portion of exposing device 101.In order to allow rotation, it is to be rotationally connected that device portal 115 exports being connected of 505 (see figure 5)s with the aerofluxus module.Therefore, device can rotate under the situation that does not disconnect inlet or outlet.
The height of suspension also can be regulated, therefore can be easily near all parts of exposing device 101.
Shown in exemplary embodiment in, suspension is made of rustless steel and polyformaldehyde (polyoxymethylene) or polyacetals (polyacetal), is convenient to cleaning like this.But, also can use any suitable material.
Fig. 1 also shows fender bracket 107.In use, device is positioned on the fender bracket 107, and wherein overflow outlet 117 and outer vent 119 pass centre bore.The aerofluxus module is positioned at the fender bracket below.
Fender bracket is used for protection system and avoids any side.Fender bracket also can be used as revolving door (turnstile), to rotate whole device.
Fig. 5 illustrates in greater detail aerofluxus module 109.Aerofluxus module 109 comprises overflow inlet 501, exposes inlet 503 and exports 505.In use, overflow inlet 501 is connected to the overflow outlet 117 of exposing device, exposes the outer vent 119 that inlet 503 is connected to exposing device.
When in the interior separate space of device, having excessive gaseous material stream, use the overflow outlet 117 of exposing device.If be not used in enough gaseous materials of overflow condition, can close overflow outlet 117 (in inlet 501, using not barrier film) with opening.In this case, there is not air communication to cross overflow inlet 501.
Can use the aerofluxus module to set interior separate space 111 in the exposing device and the pressure differential between the outer separate space 113.This realizes by being positioned at the barrier film 507 that exposes on the inlet 503.If overflow inlet 501 is closed, then the opening diameter of barrier film 507 is used for setting the normal pressure of the expectation of exposing device.If overflow inlet 501 is opened, can in the overflow inlet, insert barrier film 508.Cause flowing through the air-flow that exposes pipe if overflow is very high when very high, then must use barrier film 507 to come limit exposure to enter the mouth 503.In this case, the pressure reduction in the barrier film opening will determine between pipe and the outer tube, and in the overflow inlet, do not insert barrier film; Overflow 501 complete openings that enter the mouth.If the overflow flow velocity is very low, then barrier film 508 must be inserted in the overflow inlet, flow through the air-flow that exposes pipe with increase.Equally in this case, the pressure reduction in the barrier film opening will determine between pipe and the outer tube, and in exposing inlet, do not insert barrier film.
By using Height Adjustable atmosphere coupling unit (atmospheric coupling) 509 and 510, can be with ambient pressure as reference pressure.Aerosol (aerosol) is urged and passes through system.For fear of the influence of the active aerofluxus coupling part at 505 places, locate to be provided with open coupling in position.Regulate open male part distance in height, to avoid initiatively deflated influence.The gaseous material that leaves system is collected together with room air.
Preferably, barrier film 507 is inserted into by slip and exposes in the inlet 503.Be favourable like this, because can remove and replace barrier film at an easy rate.This also helps cleaning and changes barrier film.
By overflow inlet 501 with expose two strands of inlet 503 and enter air-flow and mix, and discharge the aerofluxus modules by outlet 505.This outlet is connected to the aerofluxus module by the connector that can rotate, and in use rotates to allow whole device.
One of them advantage according to exposure system of the present invention is, can be in use continuous or discontinuously obtain biological specimen or carry out biology and measure.These samples and measurement can be used for analytical analysis or physical analysis.In order to collect sample, can use special insert at exposure position 121 places.The example of existing special insert will be discussed below.In the process of collecting sample, sample collection device can be hooked on the fender bracket.
At first, can measure in pressure differential between separate space 111 and the outer separate space 113.Like this, can determine to expose tube inlet 311 in the pipe and the average discharge between the pipe outlet 313.Fig. 6 shows and is positioned at the insert that the exposure position place is used for differential pressure measurement.This insert comprises the stopper 601 with two holes 603 and 605.When suitably locating, hole 603 is connected to interior separate space 111, and hole 605 is connected to outer separate space 113.Therefore, the pressure difference value between the hole can be measured by the device that suitably is connected to the hole exits place.
Biological specimen from animal can be gathered extraly or selectively.These samples can be used for determining various factors, comprise the information about other physiologic effect that animal is produced through the drainage of the chemical compound of the form of metabolic alterations or gaseous material.
Fig. 7 shows the embodiment of the exposure pipe 103 ' of modification, and it is used to collect urine.Most aspects of this pipe are identical with the exposure pipe shown in Fig. 3 a.In Fig. 7, use identical Reference numeral.But this pipe further comprises a urine collector 701.When urine when animal is discharged, after release, just can collect by urine collector 701.The lower end of urine collector 701 can suitably be connected with storage, cooling or measuring device (not shown), is used to analyze the urine of collection.
Fig. 8 shows the exposure pipe 103 of modification " the part of embodiment, it is used for whole body, head, and exposed (whole-body, head-out) plethysmography is measured.Whole body, the exposed plethysmography of head are the tests that is used for measuring the variation of health different parts (except head) gas volume.For such test, head of animal and health are isolated.
As shown in Figure 8, the exposure pipe 103 of modification " be similar to the exposure pipe shown in Fig. 3 a.In Fig. 8, use identical Reference numeral.The exposure pipe of revising 103 " comprise exterior section 801 and interior section 803.Exterior section 801 comprises a part and the outer cylindrical wall 305 of rake 309.Interior section 803 comprises the remainder and the inner cylindrical wall 307 of rake 309.Exterior section 801 and interior section 803 link together by screwed union 805.In screwed union 805, be provided with the gas-tight ring 807 that is used for animal.Ring 807 is used for head of animal and the whole health of animal are kept apart, and makes to carry out whole body, the exposed plethysmography test of head.
Claims (18)
1. one kind is used for the nose of at least one animal is exposed to the system that gaseous material flows, and described device comprises:
Interior pipe with the inlet that is used for gaseous material;
Surround the outer tube of described interior pipe, described outer tube has the outlet that is used for gaseous material;
At least one exposure position, each exposure position comprise opening that is arranged in described pipe and the opening that is arranged in described outer tube; With
Be arranged in the exposure pipe at one or more exposure position place of described exposure position, be used to hold animal, described exposure pipe pass in the described outer tube opening and described in opening in the pipe, extend at least in part in the described interior pipe, and by described outer tube and described interior pipe support, described exposure pipe comprises the exposure inlet and exposes outlet, described exposure inlet is arranged on the part that is arranged in described pipe of described exposure pipe, and described exposure outlet is arranged on the part that is arranged in described outer tube of described exposure pipe;
Wherein, in use, gaseous material flow in the described interior pipe via inlet, flow in each exposure pipe via exposing inlet, flow out each exposure pipe via exposing outlet, and flow out outer tube via outlet, the air-flow between described exposure inlet and the described exposure outlet have with interior pipe in the reverse component of air-flow.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, from described exposure enter the mouth the air-flow of described exposure outlet and described exposure pipe longitudinal axis at angle.
3. system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, described exposure inlet is the opening less than the cross-sectional area of the described part that is positioned at described pipe of described exposure pipe.
4. as each described system among the claim 1-3, wherein, in use, described inlet is arranged in the base section that is arranged in described pipe of described exposure pipe.
5. as each described system among the claim 1-4, wherein, in use, the pressure in the described interior pipe is higher than the pressure in the described outer tube.
6. one kind is used to hold animal and is exposed to the exposure pipe of gaseous material stream with the nose with animal, and described exposure pipe comprises:
The leading section that is used for the animal head; With
The rearward end that is used for the animal health;
Described leading section has inlet that is used for gaseous material and the outlet that is used for gaseous material, and described outlet is than the more approaching described rearward end of described inlet, and when described exposure pipe in use and when holding animal, described inlet is positioned at described outlet below.
7. exposure pipe as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described inlet is the opening less than the cross-sectional area of the described leading section of described exposure pipe.
8. as claim 6 or 7 described exposure pipes, wherein, in use, described inlet is arranged in the base section of the described leading section of described exposure pipe.
9. as each described exposure pipe among the claim 6-8, wherein, the described rearward end of described exposure pipe comprises the urine collection tube that is used to collect animals urine.
10. as each described exposure pipe among the claim 6-9, wherein, described leading section and described rearward end are separated by the gas-tight ring that is used for animal.
11. special with at least one as the device that each described exposure pipe among the claim 6-10 uses, described device comprises: the interior pipe with the inlet that is used for gaseous material; Surround the outer tube of described interior pipe, described outer tube has the outlet that is used for gaseous material; With at least one exposure position, described exposure position comprises opening that is arranged in described pipe and the opening that is arranged in described outer tube, each exposure position can both be connected at least one in the following way and expose pipe as one in each described exposure pipe among the claim 6-10: as described in the exposure pipe pass as described in the outer tube opening and pass as described in opening in the pipe, to extend at least in part in the described interior pipe, make the inlet that is used for gaseous material in the leading section of described exposure pipe be positioned at described pipe, and the outlet that is used for gaseous material in the leading section of described exposure pipe is positioned at described outer tube.
12. a device that is used for the nose of at least one animal is exposed to gaseous material stream, described device comprises:
Interior pipe with the inlet that is used for gaseous material;
Surround the outer tube of described interior pipe, described outer tube has the outlet that is used for gaseous material; With
At least one exposure position, described exposure position comprises the opening that is arranged in described pipe and the opening that is arranged in described outer tube, and each exposure position can both following mode be connected to corresponding exposure pipe: described exposure pipe pass the opening in the described outer tube and pass described in the pipe opening with extend at least in part described in pipe; Wherein, described exposure pipe is suitable for holding animal, and has the inlet of exposure and expose outlet;
Wherein, when described exposure pipe was connected to described exposure position, described interior pipe was arranged to partly support corresponding exposure pipe, and was connected to the described exposure inlet that is arranged in described exposure pipe;
Wherein, when described exposure pipe was connected to described exposure position, described outer tube was arranged to partly support corresponding exposure pipe, and was connected to the described exposure outlet that is arranged in described exposure pipe; And
Wherein, in use, gaseous material flow in the described interior pipe via inlet, flowing into each via described exposure inlet exposes in the pipe, flow out each via described exposure outlet and expose pipe, and flow out described outer tube via outlet, the air-flow between described exposure inlet and the described exposure outlet have with interior pipe in the reverse component of air-flow.
13. device as claimed in claim 12, wherein, from described exposure enter the mouth the air-flow of described exposure outlet and described exposure pipe longitudinal axis at angle.
14. as claim 12 or 13 described devices, wherein, described interior pipe comprises the overflow outlet of the gaseous material that is used to overflow.
15. as each described device among the claim 12-14, wherein, minimize described in the volume of pipe, with minimize gaseous material flow through described in required time of pipe.
16. as each described device among the claim 12-15, wherein, described device comprise one or more can separate modules, the part of pipe, a part and at least one exposure position of outer tube in each module comprises.
17. be suitable for specially being connected to as the exposure pipe of the exposure position of device as described in each among the claim 12-16, described exposure pipe is suitable for holding animal, and have the inlet of exposure and expose outlet, described exposure inlet can be connected to described interior pipe, and described exposure outlet can be connected to described outer tube.
18. a system that is used for the nose of at least one animal is exposed to gaseous material stream, described system comprise as each described device among the claim 12-16 and at least one is as each described exposure pipe among the claim 6-10.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08250701.3 | 2008-02-29 | ||
| EP08250701A EP2095791A1 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2008-02-29 | Exposure apparatus |
| PCT/EP2009/001426 WO2009106349A1 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-02-27 | Exposure apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101959473A true CN101959473A (en) | 2011-01-26 |
Family
ID=39595464
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009801068827A Pending CN101959473A (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-02-27 | Exposure apparatus |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP2095791A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101959473A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009106349A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102389339A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2012-03-28 | 天津开发区合普工贸有限公司 | Only-nose inhaling poison exposure experimental equipment for rodent |
| CN104586533A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2015-05-06 | 南通大学 | Filtered internal and external type carbon monoxide poisoning device being simple and easy in experiment operation |
| CN109091268A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-28 | 四川大学华西医院 | COPD intranasal sootiness mouse modeling device |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101803962B (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-10-05 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所 | Rodent oronasal suction dynamic exposing device |
| US10646320B1 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2020-05-12 | Warren Matthew Leevy | Subject imaging bed |
| US20170312066A1 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2017-11-02 | The University Of Notre Dame Du Lac | Versatile inhalation anesthesia platform for small animal surgery |
| CN105476728A (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2016-04-13 | 赵菁 | Experiment device for inducing mouse cardiopulmonary vascular diseases |
| CN113009125B (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-03-18 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Breath metabolism measurement system |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3044640A1 (en) * | 1980-11-27 | 1982-07-08 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | INHALATION APPARATUS FOR TEST ANIMALS |
| US4520808A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1985-06-04 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Inhalation exposure apparatus |
| US4721060A (en) | 1986-07-17 | 1988-01-26 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Nose-only exposure system |
| CH670373A5 (en) * | 1986-12-22 | 1989-06-15 | Res And Consulting Company A G | |
| US5297502A (en) * | 1993-05-05 | 1994-03-29 | Jaeger Rudolf J | Modular reversible-flow-past nasopulmonary respiratory dosing system for laboratory animals |
-
2008
- 2008-02-29 EP EP08250701A patent/EP2095791A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-02-27 EP EP09716169A patent/EP2259747A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-02-27 WO PCT/EP2009/001426 patent/WO2009106349A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-02-27 CN CN2009801068827A patent/CN101959473A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102389339A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2012-03-28 | 天津开发区合普工贸有限公司 | Only-nose inhaling poison exposure experimental equipment for rodent |
| CN104586533A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2015-05-06 | 南通大学 | Filtered internal and external type carbon monoxide poisoning device being simple and easy in experiment operation |
| CN104586533B (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-04-27 | 南通大学 | Simple, the filtered inside and outside formula carbon monoxide poisoning device of experimental implementation |
| CN109091268A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-28 | 四川大学华西医院 | COPD intranasal sootiness mouse modeling device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009106349A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
| WO2009106349A8 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
| EP2259747A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
| EP2095791A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101959473A (en) | Exposure apparatus | |
| EP0827713B1 (en) | Multiple channel sample port | |
| CN102803943B (en) | Breathe condensed fluid sampler and detecting device and breathing/breathing condensed fluid sampler and detecting device | |
| US8002712B2 (en) | Breath and breath condensate analysis system and associated methods | |
| US8240187B2 (en) | Breath sampling device and method for using same | |
| CN101842127B (en) | Exposure system | |
| Drew et al. | Environmental inhalation chambers | |
| KR101221106B1 (en) | Cage Type Apparatus for Testing Inhalation Toxicity of Aerosol Paticles | |
| US20180146886A1 (en) | Handpiece for Respiratory Monitor | |
| CN103168241B (en) | Virus detection device and virus detection method | |
| CA2643663A1 (en) | Body fluid analysis system with priming structures integrated in test elements | |
| US11054414B2 (en) | Exposure system | |
| CN102879256A (en) | Apparatus and methods for acquiring analytes from dried biological fluid sample | |
| JP2004233061A (en) | Continuous concentrated gas sampling apparatus by nebulizer-denuder interlocking, and gas analysis apparatus incorporating the gas sampling apparatus and analysis method | |
| CN110026256A (en) | Micro-fluidic chip | |
| US6021678A (en) | Apparatus for transporting emissions from a stack | |
| CN105592879A (en) | Columnar flow gas sampling and measurement system | |
| KR102404140B1 (en) | Mouse holder for whole body exposure | |
| KR102148394B1 (en) | Mouse holder | |
| TWI635280B (en) | Gas and aerosol compositions monitor and gas-aerosol separator | |
| JP4598628B2 (en) | Gas quantitative measurement device | |
| CN205404534U (en) | But animal aerosol of accurate control infection volume exposes experimental system | |
| Kapeghian et al. | A compact multichamber gas inhalation exposure system for mice | |
| Jerez et al. | Spatial distribution of particulate matter and ammonia concentrations in a swine building | |
| JP2007010555A (en) | Collector for collecting substance to be collected |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20110126 |