CN101950328B - Method for computing quantity of baits remaining in water and feed conversion rate by using counting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for computing the quantity of baits remaining in water and a feed conversion rate by using a counting method, which specifically comprises the following steps of: 1, obtaining the weight mini of fishes before a test; 2, performing feeding counting and collecting the remaining baits; 3, recording a single remaining bait quantity; 4, computing single feeding quality according to the computational formula Mi=M(Pi-Qi)/P; 5, obtaining the weight mfim of the fishes at the end of the test; and 6, computing the feed conversion rate according to the computational formula. The method has the advantages of eliminating the influence of biological factors and mechanical errors on the total quality of the remaining baits so as to improve the accuracy of the test, and saving subsequent treatment processes for the collected remaining baits so as to save the time and appropriation expenditures of scientific researchers; and in the method, only the remaining baits are taken into account, the influence of the excrements of the fishes and the existence or inexistence of the excrements are not taken into account, and the excrements and the remaining baits are easy to distinguish in terms of shape and color.

Description

The utilization counting method is asked the method for residual bait amount and feed conversion rate in the water

Technical field

The present invention relates to the fish food field, specially refer to the method that the utilization counting method is asked residual bait amount and feed conversion rate in the water.

Background technology

The food conversion ratio, often relate to hydrobiont when calculating feed coefficient and ingest before the weighing of bait, the ingest collection of the residual bait in back and the calculating of residual bait quality, to the fish growth feeding experiment, test procedure is absolutely necessary in the feed development experiment in envirment factor.

Claim gross mass both at home and abroad before taking to throw something and feed, it is heavy that siphonage is collected residual bait meter.Domestic method: bait needs earlier before throwing something and feeding 105 ℃ of drying in oven two hours, dry in the air cool after more accurately weighing also throw something and feed.Residual bait is dried and dries by the fire in two hours after collecting, and accurately weighs again; The residual bait of collecting is moved on in the clean double dish (dry weight is known) 105 ℃ of oven dry down in air dry oven, weighing and recording.In order to proofread and correct residual bait weight, quantitative feed is placed the breeding water body that does not have soft-shelled turtle, recycle residual bait more after the same method, thereby obtained the dissolve-loss ratio of each feed in water, to proofread and correct residual bait amount.Abroad;

Y.Tsuzuki; 2007 when carrying out bait experiment and ask feed conversion rate (FCR); Take to weigh earlier, throw a small amount of bait in one minute and eat up, repeat above process and no longer ingest up to fish up to fish.External other authors are when collecting residual bait, and only introducing is to adopt siphonage to collect bait, and process is not had detailed description.The method of Y.Tsuzuki can not be observed fish in not good breed water of recirculated water or transparency or deep water test the situation of ingesting is restricted, and above method is summed up as weight method.Weight method has certain science, but also has defective, and defective mainly is four aspects:

1 residual bait is collected not exclusively, is satiated with food for guaranteeing hydrobiont, and the feedstuff feeding amount is inevitable greater than intake, begins to collect residual bait after fully ingesting through 2～2.5 hours.During this fully ingests; The dissolving of bait self, hydrobiont are to the physical property stirring of bait, the consumption of microorganism, the consumption of microorganism; Collect, personal error and machine error in the ash process (bait is adsorbed on the apparatus wall and collects imperfect or lose with current through mesh), especially the dissolving of bait self and machine error greatly influence the accuracy of residual bait gross mass;

2 collect residual bait after, the pre-service of residual bait such as air-dry, dry etc., preserve as freezing preservation, in case rottenly wait, the ash determination in later stage is the work that takes time and effort.Especially for the chronicity pilot project, regather residual bait because need to throw something and feed once a day or repeatedly.This is a very loaded down with trivial details process in the middle of entire test;

The deliquescence suction makes actual feeding volume have error in the 3 bait storing processs;

4 residual baits and ight soil are difficult to separately, cause residual bait to collect difficulty.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of using counting method to ask residual bait amount and feed conversion rate in the water.The purpose one of which is to have removed the influence to residual bait gross mass of bioid factor and machine error, has improved the accuracy of test; Purpose its two for considering in the feed put procedure deliquescence suction phenomenon, only see that residual bait needn't consider the ight soil influence.

For realizing above-mentioned purpose, technical scheme of the present invention is:

The utilization counting method asks the concrete steps of the method for residual bait amount and feed conversion rate in the water to be:

(1), the fish body m that weighs before the test _Ini

(2), throw something and feed counting and residual bait collected

Similar at the fore worker form slection shape of throwing something and feeding, volume at every turn; The feed granules diameter is the granular bait of 1.0-12.0mm; Do not weigh; The grain number P that record is thrown something and fed down before throwing something and feeding; After aquatile fully ingests; Inhale the end with siphonage and collect residual bait, count shape intact and dissolve part but the bait granule number Q of maintenance geometry;

(3), the residual bait number of record single

The particle grain of the residual bait of residue was counted Q after record was thrown something and fed at every turn _i, i representes the different number of times of throwing something and feeding, residual bait can discard after record was accomplished;

(4), calculate the single quality of throwing something and feeding

Screening shape, volume is similar, and the bait particle diameter is the bait of 1.0-12.0mm, and P grain bait particle is formed one group; Establish 5 to 7 parallel-group altogether; Every group of bait in drying box, is dried to constant weight at 105 ℃, with the mass M of every group of bait of the accurate weighing of electronic balance respectively ₁, M ₂, M ₃..., obtain the mean value M of food quality, the quality of bait is directly proportional with a grain number, and the quality of fish body single feed bait is calculated by formula:

Mi＝M(P _i-Q _i)/P

Wherein: Mi is the quality of fish body single feed bait

M is the mass average value of P grain bait

P _iGrain number for the bait of throwing something and feeding at every turn

Q _iBe residual bait granule number after the bait of at every turn throwing something and feeding

P is the every group of bait total number of particles of throwing something and feeding;

(5), the last fish body of the test m that weighs _Fin

(6), calculate feed conversion rate

Feed conversion rate calculates by following formula

$\mathrm{FCR}=\frac{M\underset{i}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(P_i-Q_i)/P}{m_{\mathrm{fin}}-m_{\mathrm{ini}}},i=(\mathrm{1,2,3,4}\·\·\·\·\·\·)$

Wherein: P _iThe grain number of-bait of at every turn throwing something and feeding

The mean value of M-P grain food quality

Q _iResidual bait granule number after the-bait of at every turn throwing something and feeding

m _IniFish body weight before the-test

m _FinThe last fish body weight of-test

Every group of bait total number of particles of throwing something and feeding of P-

The i-bait throwing in is inferior.

Good effect of the present invention is:

1, replaces weight method with counting method, removed the influence of bioid factor and machine error, improved the accuracy of test residual bait gross mass;

2, replace weight method with counting method, removed the follow-up processing procedure of residual bait, saved the time and the funds expenditure of researcher collecting;

3, replace weight method with counting method, only need carry out quality determination to the feeding volume first time, the follow-up weighing link that no longer includes needn't be considered deliquescence suction phenomenon in the feed put procedure, has further strengthened the experiment accuracy;

4, replace weight method with counting method, only see that residual bait needn't consider the ight soil influence, no matter whether ight soil exists, and ight soil and residual bait are easy to differentiation from shape, color.

Embodiment

Further specify embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment:

Embodiment 1

The mandarin sturgeon culture experiment

The bait diameter that uses is 5.0-6.0mm, heavy property.

(1), the fish body m that weighs before the test _Ini

Choose the healthy and mandarin sturgeon in age in August that grows fine of 15 tails; The mean value of getting body weight is 640.8g, is divided into 3 groups of mobile fresh water of tempered glass tube that are put in diameter 2m at random and cultures depth of water 40cm; There is the depth of water of a diameter for 5cm pvc pipe control tempered glass tube in bucket end central authorities; Diameter is that 5cmPVC pipe outer cover one diameter is that the outside of 10cm pvc pipe and pvc pipe is evenly dazzling, plays the draining defecation and filters the bait effect, and bait is retained in the pond.After hungry 1 day, check weighing also begins test, tests 11 days by a definite date.

(2) throw something and feed counting and residual bait collected

Morning, noon and afternoon every day throw something and feed three times, throw something and feed 2 as a child after, siphonage is collected residual bait.Write down the granule number of throwing something and feeding, residual bait granule number in the test.Similar at the fore worker form slection shape of throwing something and feeding, volume at every turn; The feed granules diameter is the granular bait of 5.0-6.0mm; Do not weigh, the grain number P that record is thrown something and fed down before throwing something and feeding is after hydrobiont fully ingests; Inhale the end with siphonage and collect residual bait, count shape intact and dissolve part but the residual bait granule number Q of maintenance geometric configuration.

(3), the residual bait number of record single

The residual bait particle grain of residue is counted Q in the record test _i, i representes the different number of times of throwing something and feeding, residual bait can discard after record was accomplished.

(4), calculate the single quality of throwing something and feeding

Before the test, 20 of bait samplings amount to 8 parts, and 105 ℃ of bakings were asked the mass average value M of bait to constant weight in 2 hours in the baking oven, with this as the Mass Calculation foundation, and according to formula Mi=M (P _i-Q _i)/P, the quality of calculating fish body single feed bait.

(5), the last fish body of the test m that weighs _Fin

Finish test and stopped feeding in preceding 1 day, finish check weighing once more to experiment.

(6), calculate feed conversion rate, formula is with formula:

$\mathrm{FCR}=\frac{M\underset{i}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(P_i-Q_i)/P}{m_{\mathrm{fin}}-m_{\mathrm{ini}}},i=(\mathrm{1,2,3,4}\·\·\·\·\·\·)$

Experimental data such as following table 1

Table 1: age in August, mandarin sturgeon was cultured the situation record

FCR mean value is: 1.66229, this method also be applicable to simultaneously 20 the monthly age mandarin sturgeon, average weight 4.08kg, selecting diameter is the granular bait for fish of 11.5mm, test procedure is identical.

Embodiment 2

The Tilapia mossambica culture experiment

The bait diameter that uses is 1.0-2.0mm, heavy property.

(1), the fish body m that weighs before the test _Ini

Choose the healthy and Tilapia mossambica that grows fine of 15 tails, average weight 640.8g is divided into the freshwater aquiculture of flowing in 3 groups of plastic cement buckets that are put in diameter 1m at random; Depth of water 30cm, the depth of water of the bucket end central authorities pvc pipe that a diameter is arranged is 5cm control plastic cement bucket, diameter is that pvc pipe outer cover one diameter of 5cm is that pvc pipe and the pvc pipe outside of 10cm is evenly dazzling; Play the draining defecation and filter the bait effect, bait is retained in the pond, after hungry 1 day; Check weighing also begins test, tests 11 days by a definite date.

(2), throw something and feed counting and residual bait collected

Morning, noon and afternoon every day throw something and feed three times, with open top gauze drainage container fixed point are installed and throw something and feed, and the bait diameter that uses is 1.0-2.0mm, throw something and feed 2 as a child after, carefully directly food container is taken out the water surface at a slow speed.Write down the granule number P that throws something and feeds in the test, count shape intact and dissolve part but the residual bait granule number Q of maintenance geometric configuration.

(3), the residual bait number of record single

The residual bait particle grain of residue is counted Q in the record test _i, i representes the different number of times of throwing something and feeding, residual bait can discard after record was accomplished.

(4), calculate the single quality of throwing something and feeding

Before the test, get breeding water 5ml and weigh, add bait bait is all sunk to the bottom with measuring tank; The depth of water increases to 6ml, take a sample and be 1ml bait, take a sample 5 groups; Each group is put into baking oven respectively, toasts 2 hours to constant weight at 105 ℃, counting 1ml bait grain number; Obtain the mean value M of food quality, with this as the Mass Calculation foundation, and according to formula Mi=M (P _i-Q _i)/P, the quality of calculating fish body single feed bait.

(5), the last fish body of the test m that weighs _Fin

Finish test and stopped feeding in preceding 1 day, finish check weighing once more to experiment.

(6), calculate feed conversion rate, formula is with formula:

$\mathrm{FCR}=\frac{M\underset{i}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(P_i-Q_i)/P}{m_{\mathrm{fin}}-m_{\mathrm{ini}}},i=(\mathrm{1,2,3,4}\·\·\·\·\·\·)$

Experimental data such as following table 2:

Table 2: Tilapia mossambica is cultured the situation record

The mean value of FCR is: 1.119889

Embodiment 3

The black carp culture experiment

The bait diameter that uses is 1.0-2.0mm, heavy property.

(1), the fish body m that weighs before the test _Ini

Choose the healthy and Tilapia mossambica that grows fine of 6 tails, average weight 640.8g is divided into the freshwater aquiculture of flowing in 3 groups of plastic cement buckets that are put in diameter 1m at random; Depth of water 30cm, there is the depth of water of a diameter for 5cm pvc pipe control plastic cement bucket in bucket end central authorities, and diameter is that outer cover one diameter of 5cm pvc pipe is that the outside of 10cm pvc pipe and pvc pipe is evenly dazzling; Play the draining defecation and filter the bait effect, bait is retained in the pond, after hungry 1 day; Check weighing also begins test, tests 11 days by a definite date.

(2), throw something and feed counting and residual bait collected

Morning, noon and afternoon every day throw something and feed three times, with open top gauze drainage container fixed point are installed and throw something and feed, and the bait diameter that uses is 1.0-2.0mm, throw something and feed 2 as a child after, carefully at a slow speed directly with food container take out the water surface throw something and feed 2 as a child after, siphonage is collected residual bait.Write down the granule number P of the bait of throwing something and feeding in the test, count shape intact and dissolve part but the residual bait granule number Q of maintenance geometric configuration.

(3), the residual bait number of record single

The residual bait particle grain of residue is counted Q in the record test _i, i representes the different number of times of throwing something and feeding, residual bait can discard after record was accomplished.

(4), calculate the single quality of throwing something and feeding

Before the experiment, get breeding water 5ml and weigh, add bait bait is all sunk to the bottom with measuring tank; The depth of water increases to 6ml, take a sample and be 1ml bait, take a sample 5 groups; Each group is put into baking oven respectively, toasts 2 hours to constant weight at 105 ℃, counting 1ml bait grain number; Obtain mean value M, with this as the Mass Calculation foundation, and according to formula Mi=M (P _i-Q _i)/P, the quality of calculating fish body single feed bait.

(5), the last fish body of the test m that weighs _Fin

Finish test and stopped feeding in preceding 1 day, finish check weighing once more to experiment.

(6), calculate feed conversion rate, formula is with formula:

$\mathrm{FCR}=\frac{M\underset{i}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(P_i-Q_i)/P}{m_{\mathrm{fin}}-m_{\mathrm{ini}}},i=(\mathrm{1,2,3,4}\·\·\·\·\·\·)$

Experimental data such as following table 3:

Table 3: black carp fish culture situation record

The mean value of FCR is: 1.365826

The above only is a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention; For the person of ordinary skill of the art; Do not breaking away from the invention design and do not making under the prerequisite of creative work, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. method of using counting method to ask residual bait amount and feed conversion rate in the water is characterized in that: the utilization counting method asks the concrete steps of the method for residual bait amount and feed conversion rate in the water to be:

(1), the fish body m that weighs before the test _Ini

(2), throw something and feed counting and residual bait collected

Fore worker form slection shape and volume are similar, the feed granules diameter is the granular bait of 1.0-12.0mm throw something and feed at every turn; Do not weigh; Note the grain number P that throws something and feeds before throwing something and feeding; After fish fully ingests, inhale the end with siphonage and collect residual bait, count shape intact and dissolve part but the bait granule number Q of maintenance geometric configuration;

(3), the residual bait number of record single

The particle grain of the residual bait of residue was counted Q after record was thrown something and fed at every turn _i, i representes the different number of times of throwing something and feeding, residual bait can discard after record was accomplished;

(4), calculate the single quality of throwing something and feeding

Screening shape and volume is similar, the bait particle diameter is the bait of 1.0-12.0mm; P grain bait particle is formed one group, establish 5 to 7 parallel-group altogether, every group of bait is respectively in drying box; Be dried to constant weight at 105 ℃, with the mass M of every group of bait of the accurate weighing of electronic balance ₁, M ₂, M ₃..., obtain the mean value M of food quality, the quality of bait is directly proportional with a grain number, and the quality of fish body single feed bait is calculated by formula:

Mi＝M(P _i-Q _i)/P

Wherein: Mi is the quality of fish body single feed bait

M is the mass average value of P grain bait

P _iGrain number for the bait of throwing something and feeding at every turn

Q _iBe residual bait granule number after the bait of at every turn throwing something and feeding

P is the every group of bait total number of particles of throwing something and feeding;

(5), the last fish body of the test m that weighs _Fin

(6), calculate feed conversion rate

Feed conversion rate calculates by following formula

$\mathrm{FCR}=\frac{M\underset{i}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(P_i-Q_i)/P}{m_{\mathrm{fin}}-m_{\mathrm{ini}}}$ i＝(1，2，3，4......)

Wherein: P _iThe grain number of-bait of at every turn throwing something and feeding

The mean value of M-P grain food quality

Q _iResidual bait granule number after the-bait of at every turn throwing something and feeding

m _IniFish body weight before the-test

m _FinThe last fish body weight of-test

Every group of bait total number of particles of throwing something and feeding of P-

The i-bait throwing in is inferior.